CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REFRESHER COURSE

Quice Review

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each of the For numbers 7 to 9:
following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by The distribution equilibrium for A between an extract solvent S and a
marking the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the raffinate solvent B is given Y=2X where Y=mass of A per unit mass of S,
answer sheets provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. X=mass of A per unit mass of B. The extract and raffinate solvents are
Use pencil no. 2 only. immiscible with each other at all concentrations of A. From these data,
calculate the amount of extract solvent needed per 100 kg solution
Leaching containing 30% A in B in 95% of A is to be removed for each of the
following arrangements:
1. Neem oil is a traditional plant product which possesses spermicidal 7. Single stage contact
properties. A group of students working on their investigatory project wanted a. 665 kg c. 180 kg
to test how effective the said oil was as contraceptive by sing it as a
component for contraceptives. The students were able to gather 5 kg of
b. 565 kg d. 70 kg
Neem Tree Seeds that contains 30% of soluble oil and 70% inert solids and 8. Three-stage batch contact, one third of the solvent will be used in
they decided to use 5 kg of pure hexane to extract the oil. What percentage each contact
of oil will they be able to recover given that the ratio of the liquid to solid a. 60 kg c. 210 kg
components in the underflow is 0.5? Assume ideal leaching. b. 665 kg d. 180 kg
a. 80% c. 73%
b. 66% d. 51% 9. Three-stage countercurrent operation
a. 70 kg c. 280 kg
b. 79 kg d. 160 kg
For numbers 2 to 3:
2. A countercurrent extraction battery is used to extract NaOH from
theoretical feed of NaOH and CaCO3 produced by the causticization of lime, For numbers 9 to 11:
but with 4 lb H2O per lb CaCO3. The final extract solution is to contain 10% A laboratory test is carried out into the extraction of acetic acid from
NaOH on recovery of 98% of the NaOH. How many theoretical stages will
dilute aqueous solution, by means of methyl iso-butyl ketone, using a
be required? The underflow may be assumed constant at 2 lb solution per
spray tower of 47 mm diameter and 1080 mm high. The aqueous liquor
lb CaCO3.
a. 2 c. 4
is run into the top of the tower and the ketone enters at the bottom. The
b. 3 d. 5 ketone enters at the rate of 0.0022 m3/sm2 of tower cross-section. It
3. If the operation of the extraction units could be improved so that the contains no acetic acid, and leaves with a concentration of 0.21 kmol/m3.
underflow contained only 1 lb solution per lb CaCO3, how many stages would The aqueous phase flows at the rate of 0.0013 m3/sm2 of tower cross-
be required? section, and enters containing 0.68 kmol acid/m3.
a. 2 c. 4 Using units of kmol/m3, the equilibrium relationship under these
b. 3 d. 5 conditions may be taken as: (Concentration of acid in the ketone phase)
= 0.548 (Concentration in the aqueous phase.)
9. Calculate the log mean driving force.
4. Ground roasted coffee contains 8% soluble solids, 2% water, and 90% a. 0.29 kmol/ m3 c. 0.08 kmo/ m3
inert insoluble solids. In order to obtain an extract with high soluble solids b. 0.17 kmol/ m3 d. 0.33 kmo/ m3
content without having to concentrate it for spray drying, a 10. Calculate the overall extraction coefficient based on the driving force
countercurrent extraction process is to be used to prepare the extract. It in the ketone phase.
is desired that the final extract contains 0.15 kg soluble/ kg water and a. 0.0025/s c. 0.0019/s
that the soluble of the spent coffee grounds not to exceed 0.008 kg/kg b. 0.0067/s d. 0.0030/s
dry inert solids. The coffee grounds carry 1 kg water/ kg of soluble free 11. What is the corresponding value of the overall HTU, based on the
inert solids and this quantity is constant with the solute concentration in ketone phase?
the extract. Determine the number of extraction stages needed for this a. 0.90 m c. 0.88 m
process. b. 0.26 m d. 0.53 m
a. 3 c. 5
b. 4 d. 6

Liquid – Liquid Extraction Distillation

For numbers 5 to 6: For numbers 12 to 13:

A solution that contains a valuable material M in water is recovered from The vapor pressures of n-heptane and toluene at 373 K are 106 and
the solution using solvent S. If 9 kg is used per kg of solution and the 73.7 kN/m2 respectively. What are the mole fractions of n-heptane in the
distribution equilibrium is X/Z = 3, where X = kg M per kg water and Z = vapor and in the liquid phase at 373 K if the total pressure is 101.3
kg M per kg S. Calculate the % M that will remain in the solution after kN/m2?
solvent extraction using 12. Mole fraction in liquid phase
5. Single batch equilibrium stage a. 0.856 c. 0.791
a. 30% c. 25% b. 0.932 d. 0.645
b. 35% d. 40% 13. Mole fraction in vapor phase
6. Two successive batch equilibrium stage using fresh solvent for each a. 0.964 c. 0.895
step b. 0.789 d. 0.632
a. 16.6% c. 17.6%
b. 15.6% d. 18.6% 14. A vessel contains a liquid mixture of 50% benzene and 50% toluene
by weight at 1000C. Calculate the average molecular weight of the vapor
in contact with the solution.
a. 85 g/mol c. 84 g/mol
b. 82 g/mol d. 86 g/mol
 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REFRESHER COURSE
Quice Review

15. The charge to a simple batch still consists of an equimolar mixture 22. If the relative volatility between benzene and toluene is assumed to
of hexane and heptane. If the relative volatility of hexane to heptane is be constant at α = 3, what is the minimum number of stages required to
2.0 and 50% of hexane has vaporized, what is the mole fraction of achieve the desired separation?
heptane in the total distillate? a. 3 c. 5
a. 0.37 c. 0.29 b. 4 d. 6
b. 0.15 d. 0.43
For numbers 23 to 24:
16. Determine the relative volatility of n-butane/n-pentane mixture at An ideal mixture of A and B is to be distilled continuously. If the relative
300C and 1 atm abs volatility is constant at 1.75 and
a. 2.55 c. 3.46 feed = saturated liquid with 50 mol% A
b. 3.04 d. 4.28 feed rate = 200 lbmol/hr
distillation composition = 90% A
17. One hundred mols of 15% by mole n-butane/n-pentane mixture is bottoms composition = 10% A
distilled until the residual liquid contains 45.5 mols. Using the value of 23. Find the minimum number of theoretical stages
the relative volatility obtained in problem no. 16, find the average a. 4.22 c. 7.05
concentration of the distillate in mol% butane. b. 6.85 d. 8.19
a. 20.6 c. 32.4 24. What is the minimum reflux ratio?
b. 24.7 d. 48.5 a. 1.93 c. 2.50
b. 2.10 d. 1.55
18. It is desired to produce an overhead product containing 80 mol%
benzene from a feed mixture of 68 mol% benzene and 32 mol% toluene.
If the mixture is subjected to equilibrium distillation at 1 atm, what is the
fraction of the liquid that is vaporized?
Chemical Reaction Engineering
a. 1/3 c. 1/2
b. 1/4 d. 2/3 For numbers 25 to 28:
The following is data for the reaction: A → B
19. Geraniol (C10H18O) is an essential oil of commercial value. It is
conventionally purified by steam distillation. A pilot scale unit is charged with Time (sec) [A] (M) Time (sec) [A] (M)
2 kg of crude geraniol containing a small amount of non-volatile impurities. 0 1.00 100 0.659
Live saturated steam at 1050C is passed through the still at a fixed rate. 25 0.914 125 0.573
Geraniol is practically immiscible with water. Vapor pressure of water at 50 0.829 150 0.488
1050C is passed through the still at a fixed rate. Geraniol is practically 75 0.744
immiscible with water. Vapor pressure of water at 1050C is 1.211 bars and
that of geraniol is given by: 25. The order of the reactant A
7217 a. 0 c. 1
ln (Pv )=21.1 - b. 2 d. 3
T
where: PV is in mmHg and T is in K 26. The value of k is
Neglecting condensation of steam, what is the amount of steam needed? a. 0.0113 c. 0.0226
b. 0.0344 d. 0.0428
a. 28 kg c. 16 kg
27. The concentration at 200 seconds is
b. 21 kg d. 19 kg a. 0.12M c. 0.25 M
b. 0.28M d. 0.32M
20. A binary distillation column is operating under conditions specified 28. The half-life of the reaction is
below: a. 62 s c. 85 s
Feed rate = 350 kmol/hr b. 125 s d. 147 s
Overhead product rate = 150 k mol/hr
Mole fraction of more volatile component in 29. The research department in your company has given you information
Overhead product = 0.97 of the reaction E  2G. Two trial reactions were run for ten minutes. In
Bottom product = 0.02 both cases the initial concentration of E was 0.175 mol/L, and the
Bottom product rate = 200 kmol/hr concentration of G was zero. The data given you is:
Reflux ratio = 3.5 At T = 700F (G) = 0.022 mol/L after 10 minutes
In the stripping section it was that the mole fraction of the volatile At T = 1000F (G) = 0.059 mol/L after 10 minutes
component in the vapor leaving a plate is 0.33 while it’s mole fraction in Assuming first order kinetics, how long must a batch reaction be run at
the liquid coming to the same plate is 0.25. Assuming 1700F to produce a conversion of 80% of E with an initial composition of
constant molal counter flow, determine the feed condition. 0.065 mol/L?
a. saturated liquid c. subcooled liquid a. 11.2 min c. 10.3 min
b. mixture d. superheated vapor b. 13.0 min d. 14.5 min

For numbers 21 to 23: 30. A homogeneous gas phase reaction A  3R has reported at 2150C,
A liquid mixture containing 55% benzene and 45% toluene by weight is -rA=10-2 CA 0.5 (mol/L-s). Find the space time needed for 80% conversion
fed to a fractionating column at a rate of 1000 kg/h. The concentration of of 50% A-50% inert feed to a plug flow operating at 2150C and 5 atm.
benzene in the distillate and the bottoms are 92% and 6% by weight, a. 33 s c. 44 s
respectively. b. 22 s d. 55 s
20. If the reflux ratio is 2, determine the amount of vapor in the top
section of the column. 31. A certain reaction has a specific rate constant of 10 L/mol-min. The
a. 1220 kg/hr c. 1470 kg/hr order of the reaction is
b. 1700 kg/hr d. 2120 kg/hr a. ½ c. 1
21. What percentage of toluene from the feed goes to the bottoms b. 0 d. 2
product?
a. 54% c. 68%
b. 83% d. 90%
 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING REFRESHER COURSE
Quice Review

32. The gas phase irreversible A + B  C is elementary. The entering 41. Which of the following is the Dow process?
flowrate of A is 10 mol/min and is equal molar in A and B. The entering a. conversion of nickel oxide to pure nickel
concentration of A is 0.4 mol/min. What CSTR volume in L is necessary b. production of steel from molten pig iron
to achieve 90% conversion? k= 2 L/mol-min. c. refining of bauxite ore to produce aluminum oxide
a. 113 c. 851 d. extraction of bromine from brine
b. 227 d. 900
42. For a zero order, the ratio of the volume of the backmix reactor to
For numbers 33 to 34: the volume of a plugflow reactor, for the same reactant conversion and
Two stirred tanks are available, one 100 m3 in volume, the other 30 m3 conditions, is;
in volume. It is suggested that these tanks be used as a two-satge CSTR a. 0 c. 1
for carrying out a liquid phase reaction. A + B  P b. between 0 to 1 d. greater than 1
The two reactants will be present in the feed stream in equimolal
proportions, the concentration of being 1.5 kmol/m3. The volumetric 43. Rose oil is extracted from rose leaves using __________ distillation.
flowrate of the feed stream will be 3x10-3 m3/s. The reaction is a. high pressure c. low pressure
irreversible and is first order with respect to each of the reactants A and b. extractive d. steam
B, i.e. second overall, with a rate constant 1.8x10-4 m3/kmol-s. If the feed
is introduced to the 100 m3 tank and the final product leaves the 30 m3 44. A substance X can be isolated from its plant source by solvent
tank. extraction. However, a minor component Y has an appreciable solubility
33. Determine the concentration of B leaving the first tank in kmol/m3. in the solvents that may be used. Given below are the solubilities of X
a. 0.262 c. 0.344 and Y in different solvents:
b. 0.295 d. 0.424
34. Determine the overall percent conversion? Solvent T, ˚C Solubility in 100g
a. 81.3 c. 96.1 solvent at 28˚C
b. 90.3 d. 98.5
X Y
35. For the reaction that can be written as A  B  C, the value of k1
is 5.65 x10-3 per min and the time necessary to reach the maximum
Ethyl methyl ketone 80 6 5
concentration of B is 26 min. What is the value of k2?
a. 0.3459 c. 0.1246
b. 0.7763 d. 0.1231 Cyclohexane 81 8 2

36. For CBO = CCO = 0, find the maximum concentration of CB for k1 = Benzene 80 5 1.8
2k2.
a. CAO c. CAO /2 CCl4 78 8.75 1.25
b. 2 CAO d. 0
Water 100 2 1
37. The following liquid phase reaction is taking place in an isothermal
batch reactor
A  B (1st order)  C (zero order) Which is the best extracting solvent?
Feed concentration = 1mol /L a. Ethyl methyl ketone c. Benzene
The time required at which the concentration of B will reach its maximum
b. CCl4 d. Cyclohexane
value is given by
a. 1/k1 ln (k1/k2) c. 1/ (k2 – k1) ln (k2/k1)
b. 1/k2 ln (k2/k1) d. 1/k2 ln (k1/k2) 45. What is a flash?
a. It is a single-equilibrium stage distillation where the feed is partially
38. The following liquid phase reactions are carried out in a plug flow vaporized to give a vapor feed rich in more volatile components.
reactor b. It is a double-equilibrium stage distillation where the feed is partially
A + C  2D + P rP = k1 CA CC
vaporized to give a vapor feed rich in more volatile components.
AB rD = k2 CA
What is the ratio of moles of P formed to moles of B formed at the reactor c. It is a single-equilibrium stage distillation where the feed is
exit if the conversion of C is 50%. No product is present in the feed. Data: completely vaporized to give a vapor feed rich in more volatile
CAO = CCO = 2 kmol/m3, k1 = 1 m3/kmol-s and k2 = 1 s-. components.
a. 0 c. 0.5 d. It is a single-equilibrium stage distillation where the feed is partially
b. 0.75 d. 1 vaporized to give a vapor feed rich in less volatile components.

For numbers 39 to 40:

For a zero order reaction A  rR taking place in a constant – volume
bomb , π = 1 when t = 0 and π = 1.5 when t = 1. For the same reaction,
same feed composition and initial pressure taking place in a constant
pressure setup, find V at t=1 if V= 1 at t=0.
39. Find the value of the apparent rate order constant k.
2 0.5
a. k = c. k =
RT (1−r) RT (r−1)
2 1
b. k = d. k =
RT ( r−1) 2(1−r)RT
40. Find V at t=1 if V= 1 at t=0.
a. 1.5 Vo c. 1.6Vo
b. 1.65Vo d. 1.85VO