Sciences

S​ tudent
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Criterion B: inquiring and designing
Level 1-2 Level 3-4 Level 5-6 Level 7-8

i. State ​a problem or i. State ​a problem or i. Outline ​a problem or i. Describe ​a

question to be tested question to be question to be tested problem or
by a scientific tested by a by a scientific question to be
investigation, with scientific investigation. tested by a
limited success. investigation. ii. Outline and explain ​a scientific
ii. State ​a testable ii. Outline ​a testable testable hypothesis investigation.
prediction. hypothesis ​using using scientific ii. Outline and
iii. State ​a variable. scientific reasoning. explain ​a testable
iv. Design ​a​ ​method, reasoning​. iii. Outline​ how to hypothesis ​using
with limited success​. iii. Outline ​how to manipulate the correct scientific
manipulate the variables, and ​outline reasoning​.
variables, and how ​sufficient​, iii. Describe ​how to
state​ how ​relevant relevant data​ will be manipulate the
data​ will be collected. variables, and
collected. iv. Design ​a complete describe ​how
iv. Design a ​safe and safe method ​in sufficient​,
method​ in which which he or she relevant​ data will
he or she ​selects selects appropriate be collected.
materials and materials and iv. Design a ​logical​,
equipment​. equipment. complete and
safe method​ in
which he or she
selects
appropriate
materials and
equipment.

Task specific clarifications:

Laboratory. Formative assessment.

Student justifications: Teacher Justifications:

1. TITLE.​ PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SUNLIGHT

2. AIM / HYPOTHESIS
Create a research question based on the GRASP task..
Is sunlight necessary for photosynthesis to occur?
If we pick 2 plants in sunlight and darkness and identify the scratches than the plant with
less sunlight will have less starch because photosynthesis requires light which creates
starches.

Answer the research question through a testable hypothesis.

3. VARIABLES: ​Be clear to define exactly what you are controlling and measuring.
Independent: Position of plant whether in constant darkness or constant sunlight.

Dependent: The presence of starches in leaves

4. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Complement the background information including the following elements:

Definition of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is a process that occurs in the plants leaves in the palisade cells in
the chloroplasts where carbon dioxide and water are combined with the energy of
sunlight to create glucose and oxygen.
Photosynthesis word equation.
Water + Carbon dioxide = Glucose + Oxygen
Importance of photosynthesis.
It is important because if plants don’t have respiration the rest of the food chain will
be destroyed and plants also produce oxygen.
Definition of respiration.
Respiration the process of biochemical energy such as ATP for the cells to use.
Respiration word equation.
Glucose + Oxygen = Water + Glucose
Relationship between photosynthesis and cell respiration.
It is a cycle the Reactants necessary for cell respiration are the product of
photosynthesis and the other way around.
Relationship of photosynthesis and light.
The chloroplast absorbs the sunlight as energy.
The importance of chlorophyll for plants.
Chlorophyll is important because it is what takes the energy of sunlight and combined
water and carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis and starches production.
Photosynthesis does not form starch directly. However, it does form simple sugars,
which are quickly converted to starch in other reactions.
 →​
​
Glucose ​ ​Starch

So the production of starch in a leaf can be used as evidence of photosynthesis.

The starch test uses iodine solution, which changes from orange-yellow to blue-black
in the presence of starch. Before testing a leaf for starch, it’s necessary to remove the
green colour of chlorophyll and the waxy cuticle, so that the iodine solution can
penetrate the cells of the leaf.

5. REQUIREMENTS
ethanol kettle of boiling water leaf
water bath at 80 °C with boiling-tube rack marker pen forceps
iodine solution in dropper bottle large beaker boiling tube
glass rod Petri dish white tile
eye protection

6. SAFETY
Read the method carefully and follow the instructions.
Be careful with the stove.

1. METHOD

My experiment
1. Pick 2 plants on with constant darkness and one with constant light.
2. Check after a day if in sunlight or darkness.
3. Cover the in with darkness in black paper.
4. Do the procedure listed below

1. Put on eye protection.

2. Pour boiling water into a large beaker.
3. Pick up the leaf by the stalk with the forceps and hold it in the water for about a minute.
4. Remove the leaf from the water with the forceps and place it in a boiling tube. Push the leaf to the bottom of
the tube with the glass rod. Label the tube with your initials.
5. Pour enough ethanol into the tube to cover the leaf. Place the tube into the tube rack in the water bath. The
ethanol will boil and remove the chlorophyll.
6. Check the leaf after a few minutes. If there is still green chlorophyll in the leaf, replace the tube for a few
more minutes.
7. When the leaf has lost all green colour, use forceps to remove the leaf from the tube and rinse it in cold
water.
8. Place the leaf on a white tile and place drops of iodine solution to cover the leaf.
9. Where there is any starch in the leaf, a blue-black colour will form.
10.Test it with a leaf that is not in sunlight.

Testing Starches in food

1. Pick a variety of foods
2. Pour small amount of Iodine solution on the food
3. Observe if the food turns black

7. ​RESULTS ( QUALITATIVE / QUANTITATIVE)

A.
We observed the amount of starches after we poured Iodine solution the more black
spots the more starches
 B.
We had to observe starches in plants so we boiled off the chlorophyll and put iodine
solution on the plant to observe the starches and observe the color of the leaves

10. ANALYSIS
1. Explain fully why a leaf turns blue-black after using this method. What does this evidence mean?
 Iodine reacts with starches due to the chemicals going into the cois of starches. This evidence mean
that when iodine touches starches than starches turns dark blue

2. A plant is left in a dark cupboard for 2 days. What colour would you expect to see after one of its
leaves is tested with iodine solution, yellow-orange or blue-black?​ Explain your answer.

Yellow orange because of the lack of photosynthesis. Sunlight is one of the necessary elements of
photosynthesis which is lacking.

3. Suggest why a plant should be left in a dark cupboard for 2 days before carrying out experiments on
photosynthesis.

Because the energy of the sun can be sustained after sunlight is gone such as at night.

1. CONCLUSION
Draw one conclusion for the experiment.

​ VALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT

2. E
A. State at least one thing in the method that could reduce the accuracy, or the
reliability of the experiment.

B. Suggest changes in the method that can improve the accuracy, or the
reliability of the experiment.

REFERENCES
Include the reference of the consulted sources, according to the teacher’s instructions.

https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.photosynth/photosynthesis/

PBS. 2018. NOVA Photosynthesis. pbslearningmedia.org. Retrieved Dec, 26th, 2018.

retrieved from
https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.photosynth/photosynthe
sis/