1.

2 Sofware Process Model

Developer choose the spiral model over the other software development process because of the
following factors.

 Online bus ticketing is a complex project

 It supervises risk handling better than other models
 Changes are expected during the development cycles.
 Release of product’s prototype is frequent
 There is always a space for client feedback

During the first stage, problem statements are identified that requiring this project to be
developed. The project overviews are imagined and sketched for the developers to have a rough
view about this project. The scope of this project which is the users are comprise from two
different parties, customers and administrator. Therefore, the project must offer a user-friendly
experience as not everybody well-exposed to technology. Developers also have recognized the
risks that needs to be handled such making sure smooth simultaneous multiple users requests
and handling concurrent database transactional without any error.

During the analyse phase too, this spiral model for the development processes is been
chosen due to several factors that are been described above. Next, application developer desired
to determine use-case diagram for the application. To accomplish that, they need to meet the
clients of the application to discuss about what the capabilities of the application they want.
This one over the many Unified Modelling Language is very important to build a successful
application.

After that, the cycle is gone through the design phase. Application developers can
continue on the interface design sketching processes. The purpose of this step is to place and
design the placeholders of the all elements of the application. Such an example, location of
“booking” button must be located at most appropriate location to ease the user to find it at a
glance. This interface design sketching will give an inkling to application developer when they
work on the interface programming stage. Moreover, it is also a good practice to design a class
diagram before starting on the coding phase of the application’s source code. This will ensure
that the developer knows well of the functions needed to be defined in the application, applying
the way of objects’ communication correctly in the programming language classes source code.

It is also a mandatory to chose the suitable programming languages to develop this

website-based project. This project however requires a sophisticated architecture to handle all
the everyday operations. 3-tiers architecture is selected that consists first-layer to be handled
on client side, middle and third-tier nevertheless will be handled on server-side. This
architecture over the others provides benefits such as easy maintenance, scalable and stable
and secure of the transactional that will occur during the business operation.

On behalf recording the business operation, this project needs more than regular file-
based system. This is to ensure the integrity of data, the consistency and the ability to produce
the intended record fast that concern on multi variables of a record such as date purchase, price
and so on. These criteria obligations can only be fulfilled with the advance data structure and
queries of one of those Database Management System. Hence, the relational tables and their
relationships among them are constructed using this technology that follow the criteria such
normalized entities and following the business rules. This task needed to be fine-tuned by
developers to find the sweet spot between performance of the query and data redundancy.
 After finishing the design phase, developers can proceed with the real product
development. All of the different proficiency developers play their parts in making the product
first prototype. Hence the prototype can be evaluated by the clients, be tested close to the real
everyday situations thus taking all the feedbacks and finding into account to improve and
finalise for final product.