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= lIyII
(L) If x, yGX and l|xii thenlx+a-1x+yii ?IIx+yIIforall positivereal
numbersa.
Lorch showed that (L) holds if X is an inner product space. Replacing x
and y by ax, -a'ly, respectivelyand using |lxii= lylfl one easily verifiesthat (2)
implies (L). Since Dunkl and Williams proved (2) in an inner product space,
it is clear that (2) holds in a normed linear space X iffX is an inner product
space.
The question of equality in (1), (2) was also raised by Dunkl and Williams.
A slight rearrangementof their proofshows that equality holds in (1) iffx = 0,
y=O, or x=y. For
(3) 1iflylix- 11ilyll Ilyll{iix - Yf+I I IIYII I }X
- ffxjI
(4) I IIYII- IIXIII < IIX - YIIX
(5) 11llylix- llxllyll< lisl{llix - Y11+ I IIYII- IIXlI
I }.
We easily see that equality holds in (1) iffequality holds in (3), (4), and (5);
henceiff|ix-Yi = iIIYII
-||x| I andililylix-lixiyl =1 yf0=f31xilwith 3=Jfx-yjj
+1 iyIIY
-lixilI; whichyields,fornonzerox,y, lxi| lyI and x=y. The converse
is clear.
Finally, we note that equality holds in (2) iffx=0, y=0, l|xi I=IIyii, or
xiIyiI+yIixIi = 0. This may be proved by the usual squaring process (cf. [31).
From (3), (4), and (5) one may obtain slightlymore than (1), i.e.,