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HELPING NOTES FOR DOCTORS AND ENGINEERS OF THE FUTURE

Prepared By :
Muhammad Rizwan Ghani
Cell : 0332-8013123
e-mail : physicist@dr.com
Short Questions
PHYSICS (Excluding Exercises)
Boards
Inter -- Part I LHR-MTN-FBD-GUJ-SWL-BWP-
DGK-SGD-RWP-AJK

Ch. No. 1 Measurement

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1. Show that the equation 𝑆 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2 is dimensionally correct.
2. What are the three frontiers of fundamental sciences?
3. Distinguish between base units and derived units
4. Define (a) Physics (b) Steradian
5. Differentiate between random error and systematic error.
6. Differentiate between precise and accurate measurement.
7. Define Physics, Nuclear Physics.
8. Draw table for base units.
9. What do you mean by scientific notation? Give an example.
10. What are supplementary units? Define radian and steradian.
11. What are significant figures?
12. Write any two uses of dimension analysis.
Ch. No. 2 Vectors & Equilibrium
1. Show that vector addition is commutative. (OR)
Prove that commutative law holds good in addition of vectors.
2. Define unit vector. Find the unit vector of the vector A=4î+3ĵ
3. What is negative of a vector? How a vector B is subtracted from a vector A?
4. Define dynamic and static equilibrium.
5. How that square of a vector is a scalar quantity.
6. Describe (a) Equal vectors (b) Position vector
7. What do you understand by positive and negative torques?
8. Differentiate between static and dynamic equilibrium.
9. Define position vector and give its mathematical expression.
10. Define null vector and equal vectors.
11. Define the multiplication of a vector by a scalar.
12. Why do you keep your legs far apart when you have to stand in the aisle of bumpy riding bus?
13. Define dynamic and static equilibrium.
14. You are falling off the edge. What should you do to avoid falling?
15. Name three different conditions that could make 𝐴⃗. 𝐵 ⃗⃗ = 0 .
16. Write two examples of vector product.
17. Define torque and moment arm. (OR) Define torque. Write its units and dimensions.
18. Write two conditions for which torque is zero.
19. What do you understand by positive and negative torque?
20. Define the two conditions of equilibrium.
Ch. No. 3 Motion & Force
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1. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
∆𝑃
Show that 𝐹⃗ = (OR) Show that the rate of change if momentum is equal to force.
∆𝑡
2. When a body is dropped from a height 4 m, calculate its velocity?
3. Show graphically how does the displacement and velocity of a vertically thrown a ball vary with
time.
4. Define average and instantaneous velocities of the moving body. Under what condition they are
equal?
5. What is projectile motion? In what direction acceleration is zero in this motion?
6. What is the difference between uniform and variable velocity? Define acceleration and give its S.I
units.
7. Is it possible for a body to have acceleration when moving with a constant velocity?
8. Describe Newton’s first law of motion? (OR) State Newton’s second and third law of motion.
9. Find the dimensional formulas for (i) Impulse (ii) Momentum
10. Describe two uses of ballistic missiles. (OR) Write down two characteristics of a ballistic missile.
11. What is horizontal range? Write its formula.
12. Differentiate between distance and displacement.
13. Explain what do you mean by the term velocity?
14. Define instantaneous velocity of a moving body.
15. What is meant by instantaneous acceleration? Write its formula.
16. How is distance calculated from velocity-time graph? (OR) Prove that the area between the velocity-
time graph and the time axis is numerically equal to the distance covered by the object.
17. Why the first law of motion also called law of inertia.
18. Does a moving object have impulse?
19. State the law of conservation of momentum.
20. Why is it useful to use a safety helmet?
21. Define momentum and given its unit.
22. Explain the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions. Also give an example.
23. Find the relation for force due to water flow.
24. How would you find the momentum of an explosive force? Explain with one example.
25. Define time of flight and range of a projectile.
26. What is ballistic flight? Explain.
27. Derive a relation for maximum height reached by the projectile.
Ch. No. 4 Work & Energy
1. Show that 𝑃 = 𝐹⃗ . 𝑣⃗ (OR) Derive a relation between power and velocity.
2. Define absolute potential energy.
3. What is meant by non-conventional energy sources?
4. Define work. Explain when it is maximum and when it is zero.
5. How you can get energy from tides?
6. Define power. Write its SI unit.
7. Define conservative and non-conservative forces.
8. Define kilowatt hour (kWh). Show that 1 kWh= 3.6×106 J
9. What is the SI unit of power? Define it.
10. Define escape velocity and write its formula
11. When an arrow is shot from its bow, it has kinetic energy from where does it get the kinetic energy.
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12. What is solar energy? How sunlight can be converted into electrical energy?
13. What do you understand by work and energy? Give their units.
14. What do you mean by variable force? Give its two examples.
15. Define conservation field. Give its two examples.
16. State work-energy principle.
17. State law of conservation of energy
18. How electrical energy can be obtained by using tides?
19. Write two sources of energy which are renewable.
20. Name some non-conventional energy sources.
21. How electrical energy can be obtained from sunlight?
22. What is geo-thermal energy?
23. Explain briefly about residual heat of the earth.
24. How energy is obtained from direct combustion and fermentation.
Ch. No. 5 Circular Motion
1. Define radian. Prove that 1 Radian = 57.3o
2. Show that 𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔 (OR) Prove the relation between linear and angular displacement.
3. Why banked tracks are needed for turns?
4. You have a disc and a hoop of same mass and size. Which of the two has greater moment of inertia
and why?
5. Does centripetal force perform any work? Explain
6. Define real weight and apparent weight.
7. What is meant by angular momentum? Give its unit.
8. Is any work done by centripetal force?
9. What does “INTELSAT” stand for?
10. Describe the uses of geo stationary satellite
11. State right hand rule to find the direction of angular displacement.
12. Define angular displacement and its unit.
13. Define angular velocity and what is its S.I unit.
14. Explain the difference between tangential velocity and angular velocity.
15. Show that S = r θ (OR) Prove the relation between linear and angular displacement.
16. Define moment of inertia, how it is related to torque.
17. Show that angular momentum 𝐿𝑜 = 𝐼𝜔
18. Find the rotational kinetic energy of a disc.
19. Find the critical velocity of a low flying satellite.
20. What are artificial satellites?
21. What is difference between real and apparent weight?
22. A lift is ascending with the acceleration ‘a’. Derive the expression for apparent weight.
23. Define weightlessness and gravity free system.
24. Define artificial gravity. Write down expression for its frequency. (OR) How artificial gravity is
created in an artificial satellite?
25. What is Geo-stationary satellite?
26. Explain how many minimum number of geostationary satellite are required for global coverage of
T.V transmission.
27. Write down applications of communication satellite.
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Ch. No. 6 Fluid Dynamics
1. State and explain Torricelli’s theorem.
2. Define viscosity and drag force.
3. Define terminal velocity. Write its formula.
4. State Bernoulli’s relation for liquid in motion and describe its two applications.
5. Explain the working of a carburetor of a motor car using Bernoulli’s principle.
6. Derive venturi relation.
7. Write values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure for a normal healthy man.
Ch. No. 7 Oscillations
1. Define SHM. Give examples.
2. Define frequency and time period. Give relation between them.
3. Write and explain electrical application of resonance.
4. What is the frequency of a second pendulum?
5. Define damping and resonance
6. What is harmonic oscillator?
7. Define the terms used in SHM (i) Time Period (ii) Amplitude
8. State hook’s law write it in mathematical form.
9. Calculate the length of the simple pendulum which completes one vibration in one second.
10. What is the difference between free and forced oscillations?
11. How the resonance is applicable in microwave oven?
12. What is driven harmonic oscillator?
13. Define resonance and damping.
14. What are damped oscillations? Describe its applications. (OR) Differentiate damped and undamped
oscillations.
15. Define sharpness of resonance.
Ch. No. 8 Waves
1. Explain effect of pressure and density in speed of sound through air or gas.
2. What is the effect of pressure and temperature on the speed of sound?
3. State and explain principle of superposition of waves.
4. Can Doppler effect be applied to electromagnetic waves? Give an example.
5. Explain the term’’ Beats’’. (OR) Define beat and beat frequency. (OR) What are beats draw the
diagram to show the beats.
6. What is the velocity of sound in air, if temperature of air is 20 0C?
7. Briefly describe principle of super position.
8. What are the conditions for constructive interference and destructive interference?
9. What is apparent change in frequency when source is moving away from stationary observe?
10. Define: Waves , Progressive Wave
11. Write any two applications of Doppler Effect.
12. Write characteristics of stationary waves.
13. What are progressive waves? Give example
14. Write the formula for speed of sound at 0oC
15. What is difference between longitudinal and transverse waves?
16. What are the factors upon which speed of sound in air depends?
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17. What are stationary waves and how are they produced?
18. Fundamental frequency of a note produced in an organ pipe is 520 Hz. Find frequency of two next
overtones.
19. Which is richer in harmonics? An open organ pipe or a closed organ pipe?
20. Define Doppler shift. Write its formula.
21. What is radar?
22. What do you mean by red shift? What it tells about the motion of stars?
23. How the Doppler’s shift can be used in Radar speed trap?
Ch. No. 9 Physical Optics
1. Write down two methods to obtain plane polarized beam of light.
2. What are two differences between interference and diffraction?
3. Define wave front and spherical wave front. (OR) Define wave front and ray of light.
4. What do you mean by Polaroid?
5. In Newton’s rings the central spot is dark. Why? (OR) What are Newton’s rings?
6. Write two steps of Huygens’s Principle.
7. What is diffraction of light?
8. Stat Huygen’s Principle.
9. Write the conditions for detectable interference.
10. 𝜆𝐿
Prove that ∆𝑦 = 𝑑
11. Define thin film. Write its two examples.
12. Give two applications of Michelson’s interferometer.
13. What aspect of nature of light is proved by phenomena of polarization?
14. Write down two methods by which we can obtain plane-polarized beam of light from un-polarized
light. (OR) Write down selective absorption method to obtain plane polarized light.
15. What is optical rotation?
16. Define polarization of light.
Ch. No. 10 Optical Instruments
1. Define least distance of distinct vision. How it is affected with increase of age?
2. The objective of a telescope is of 20cm and eye piece of 5.0 cm. Find the focal length of telescope?
3. Define critical angle.
4. Find the magnifying power of a convex lens 10cm focal length.
5. How convex lens behaves as simple microscope?
6. Describe with help of ray diagrams, how a single-biconvex lens can be used as magnifying glass?
7. What is total internal reflection?
8. Draw the ray diagram of astronomical telescope.
9. Why we use infra-red light in a fiber optic communication system?
10. What is spectrometer? Write the names of its essential components.
11. A telescope is made of an objective of focal length 20 cm and eye-piece of 5 cm, both convex lenses.
Find the magnifying power of telescope.
12. Define (i) Linear Magnification (ii) Angular magnification
13. What is spectrometer used for?
14. What are the types of optical fiber?
15. What is multimode step index fiber?
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16. Define refractive index?
17. What is Snell s law? Write its mathematical form.
18. Why objective of short focal length is preferred in microscope?
19. Why a convex lens of small focal length preferred for a magnifying glass?
20. Sketch the ray diagram of a compound microscope.
21. Write the function of collimator in spectrometer?
22. Write the three major components on which a fiber optic communication system consists.
23. What is the function of receiver in signal transmission through optical fiber?
Ch. No. 11 Heat & Thermodynamics
1. Define molar specific heat of the gas at constant volume and at constant pressure.
2. Why we reduce pressure in the tyre while moving on motorway?
3. Write any two postulates of kinetic theory of gases.
4. Define pressure of gas.
5. State the law of increase of entropy.
6. Define entropy and give its unit.
7. A molecule of gas having mass ‘m’ moving with velocity ‘v’ collides with wall of container and
rebounds. What is the change in momentum?
8. Define Carnot’s theorem.
9. Define isothermal and adiabatic processes? Give examples.
10. Why adiabat is steeper than isotherm? Explain.
11. Define internal energy.
12. Derive Boyle’s Law from kinetic theory of gases.
13. Derive Charles’s law from kinetic theory of gasses.
14. What is triple point of water?
15. Define reversible and irreversible processes. Give one example of each.
16. Prove that 𝑊 = 𝑃 Δ𝑉
17. Stat first law of thermodynamics and give its mathematical form.
18. State second law of thermodynamics.
19. Why 𝐶𝑝 > 𝐶𝑣 ?
20. Define absolute zero using Carnot cycle.
21. A heat engine works between 327oC and 27oC. Find its efficiency.
22. Name the four strokes of petrol engine.
23. What is diesel Engine?
24. Stat second law of thermodynamics in terms of entropy.

Muhammad Rizwan Ghani

Head of Physics Department
Superior College Mandi Bahauddin
e.mail : physicist@dr.com Cell : 0332-8013123

Superior Group of Colleges

Mandi Bahauddin
Satt Sira Chowk , Mandi Bahauddin . Phone : +92 546 571 331-4