Regionalization

and Regionalism
GRACE C. MAGALZO-BUALAT
Learning Facilitator
Department of Political Science – University of San Carlos
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Learning Outcomes
Analyze how regional integration compliments
globalization and/or serves as an alternative to
globalization.
Describe regionalism, its form, and regionalization
Identify different regional organizations (highlight
ASEAN)
Examine whether or not regionalism compliments
globalization

PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2) 9/23/2019

3 Regionalism/Regionalization/Regional Integration
Agreement among states or
governments in a given
geographic location to
enhance cooperation and
mutual relationships and
form regional institutions or
organizations
Region:
Geographical Proximity
Shared cultural, economic,
social, and political
interdependence (Stiles, 2018)
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PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2)

 Regionalization VS. Regionalism
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REGIONALIZATION
• Increase in the cross-border flow of capital, goods, and people within a
specific geographical area
• Development of Regionalization: increase in the number of regional
economic transactions such as money, trade, FDI
• Core Players: non-governmental actors (firms, individuals)

REGIONALISM
• Theory or practice of coordinating social, economic, or political activities
within a region comprised of states to become a significant political and
economic unit for cooperation and identity building. (Heywood, 2011)
• A political will to create a formal arrangement among states on a
geographically restricted basis
• Regionalism in Progress: agreement of regionally close governments to
establish kinds of formal institutions such as APES, PTA, in order to cooperate
with each others on various issues
• Main Actor: Government
PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2) 9/23/2019
 Forms of Regionalism
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• Creation of bigger • Designed to protect • Attempts by states
economic states from their in the same area to
opportunities enemies, both strengthen or
through proximate and protect shared
cooperation distant ones values, thereby
among states in the • Case Studies: enhancing its
same region • EU & The NATO respective image
• Economic Policies Experiences and reputation and
to reduce trade gaining a more
• ASEAN: Conflict powerful diplomatic
and tariffs barriers, between
achieve trade voice
Philippines,
liberalization or free Indonesia, • Development of
trade zones Malaysia collective-decision
making system

Economic Security Political

Regionalism Regionalism Regionalism
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PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2)
DEBATE: Regionalism FOR Globalization
6 Regionalism Compliments Globalization
Regionalism promotes economic
interdependence of states within a particular
region to promote trade liberalization
Regionalism promotes interconnectedness and
interdependence
Regionalism results into global unity, peace, and
harmony among nation states
Regions collaborate with other regions to address
global problems
PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2) 9/23/2019
DEBATE: Regionalism AGAINST Globalization
7 Regionalism Opposes Globalization
Regionalism promotes regional egoism, causing
unhealthy competition and friction between regions
that can lead to war and anarchy (chaos/disorder)
Regions have the tendency to be inward looking
and can be overprotective of its territories that will
negatively affect free trade
Possible clash of culture or civilization can occur:
discrimination, genocide, ethnic cleansing,
eugenics
PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2) 9/23/2019
Model Regional Organization: European Union (EU)
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PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2) 9/23/2019

Model Regional Organization: European Union (EU)
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PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2) 9/23/2019

Model Regional Organization: European Union (EU)
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PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2) 9/23/2019

Model Regional Organization: European Union (EU)
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European Union (EU): BREXIT
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PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2) 9/23/2019

 Asian Regionalism: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
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 Organized primarily for

security reasons: prevent
interregional disputes &
resist the influence of super
power nations
 Later, it moved towards
economic cooperation
(ASEAN Free Trade) and
political integration
(Asian Values / Asian
Ways)
 Founding Year: Aug. 8,
1967
PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2) 9/23/2019
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): ASEAN Champions
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PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2) 9/23/2019

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Member-States
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DIALOGUE PARTNERS
 ASEAN’s formal engagement with its Dialogue Partners started in the 1970s with the
Post-Ministerial Conferences (PMC) where ASEAN Foreign Ministers would meet with
their counterparts from the external parties (i.e., ASEAN-Australia, ASEAN-Japan).
Today, ASEAN has 10 Dialogue Partners, namely:
 Australia
 Canada
 China
 European Union
 India
 Japan
 Republic of Korea
 New Zealand
 Russia, and the
 United States.

PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat, 2019) PPT 2 9/23/2019

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): TAC
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PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2) 9/23/2019

 “One Vision, One Identity,
20 One Community”:
ASEAN Citizenship

PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2) 9/23/2019

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Challenges & Prospects
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Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Challenges & Prospects
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23
EU VS. ASEAN

EU economic ASEAN regional

integration is deeper integration
• Centralized Governing • Intergovernmental
Body organization
• Single Market • Disparities in terms of
• Monetary Union economic development

PoS 2106: Regionalism (Magalzo-Bualat | 2019 | PPT 2) 9/23/2019

 COVERAGE: Pre Mid Term Examination

Political System
Basic about International Relations
System of Anarchy
Collective Goods Problem
Proposed Solution
Basic Lenses
 COVERAGE: Pre Mid Term Examination
SEA Making of Modern States
Pre-Colonial
Colonial Period
Nationalism Struggles
Decolonization
Politically Defining Moments
Interregional Conflicts: Philippine versus Malaysia | Malaysia
versus Indonesia
Asian Financial Crisis
 COVERAGE: Pre Mid Term Examination
Primary Actors & Institutions
Political Leaders
Elites/Middle Class
Civil Society
Democratic Institutions
Economic Institutions
 COVERAGE: Pre Mid Term Examination

Nuances
External Forces: Super Powers
Diversity: Unity in Diversity
Economic Disparity
 COVERAGE: Pre Mid Term Examination

Motivating factors and dimensions in

ASEAN regionalism
Basic Facts about ASEAN
Regionalism:
From security regionalism to economic to political