Solutions of Tutorial-II PH20003 Physics-II

d2
Problem 1: The given differential operator  = dx2
− Bx2 and the expected eigen-
2
state f (x) = e−ax . So, the eigen-value equation

Âf (x) = λf (x)

d2
 
2
Âf (x) = 2
− Bx e−ax
2
dx
2 2
= −2ae−ax + (4a2 − B)x2 e−ax

As λ is independent of the parameter x, one can easily identify the eigenvalue λ = −2a
and B = 4a2 .

Problem 2: The normalization condition

Z upper bound
ψ(x)∗ ψ(x)dx = 1
lower bound

(a)
Z ∞ Z ∞
∗ 2 x2
ψ(x) ψ(x)dx = |A| 2
e−σ dx
−∞
Z−∞∞
2 x2
= 2|A|2 e−σ dx
Z0
2 2 ∞ −σ2 x2
= |A| e d(σx)
σ 0
√
π 2
= |A|
σ

p √
The normalization factor |A| = σ/ π

(b)
Z a Z a  nπ 
∗ 2
ψ(x) ψ(x)dx = |A| sin2 x dx
0 0 a
2a
= |A|
2
p
The normalization factor |A| = 2/a

Problem 3: First find N .

Z ∞ Z ∞
∗
ψ(x) ψ(x)dv = |N | 2
e−2r/r0 4πr 2 dr
0 0
= |N | πr03
2

1
Solutions of Tutorial-II PH20003 Physics-II

p
So N = 1/ πr03 . Then the expected probability
Z nr0 Z nr0
∗ 1
ψ(x) ψ(x)dv = 3
e−2r/r0 4πr 2 dr
r0 /n πr 0 r0 /n
Z 2n
1
= e−2r/r0 (2r/r0)2 d(2r/r0)
2 2/n
= 1 + 2/n + 2/n2 e−2/n − (2n2 + 2n + 1)e−2n

d

† d d

† d †


Problem 4: In class, I have shown dx = − dx . Now p̂† = −iℏ dx = −i∗ ℏ dx
=
d
−iℏ dx = p̂. So p̂ is a Hermitian operator.

Again if  is Hermitian, † = Â. So, (Â2 )† = † † =  = Â2 is also Hermitian.

d
Problem 5: Same as i dx .

Problem 6: Q̂† = − 21 (x̂p̂x )† + (p̂x x̂)† = − 12 p̂†x x̂† + x̂† p̂†x = − 21 p̂x x̂ + x̂p̂x = Q̂.

Extra: The angular momentum operator in Cartesian coordinate L̂z = x̂p̂y − ŷ p̂x .
So, L̂†z
= (x̂p̂y )† − (ŷ p̂x )† = p̂†y x̂† − p̂†x ŷ † = p̂y x̂ − p̂x ŷ = x̂p̂y − ŷ p̂x = L̂z . Since x̂ and p̂y
are mutually independent, [x̂, p̂y ] = 0 = x̂p̂y − p̂y x̂

Problem 7: The given operator P̂ = eiR̂ is Hermitian when P̂ † = P̂ . Now P̂ † =

i∗ R̂† †
e = e−iR̂ . So, P̂ † = P̂ refers R̂† = −R̂. The given operator is Hermitian only if R̂ is
anti-Hermitian.

Problem 8: We will solve it in Hydrogen atom Chapter.