State – a political unit that has authority over its own
affairs
Nation – refers to people rather than any kind of formal
territorial boundaries or institutions. It is a collective
identity grounded on a notion of shared history and
culture
Territory – has clear boundaries, is effective controlled
by the third element, government
People – the 1st element of a state permanent
population. It does not refers to nomadic people that
move from one place to another
Government – regulates relations among its own people
and with other states
Sovereignty – the right to govern one’s own territorial
boundaries
Global Economy – demands the states to conform to the
rules of free-market capitalism
Neoliberal Economics – started in the 1980’s, focus on
free trade and dismantling trade barriers
Social Movements – are movements of people that are
spontaneous or that emerge through enormous
grassroots organization
Philippine = state – we refer to the Philippine
Government, territory and its internal and external
sovereignty
Philippine = nation – we refer to our shared collective
notion of our democracy, history and collective identity
Nation-state – it is a territorially bounded sovereign
institution that governs individuals sharing a collective
history, identity and culture.
UNICEF – United Nations Children’s Emergency fund; its
primary goal is to help children around the world. They
collect funds to distribute emergency relief from famine
and poverty and disease. It also provides education
programs in areas where there are no schools
SDG – Sustainable Development Goals; cover a range of
concerns for the improvement of all aspects of life. It
encompasses economic prosperity, social well-being and
environmental protection
UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme
IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ICJ – International Court of Justice; referred as World
court
ICC – International Criminal Court
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
ASEAN – Association of Southeast Asian Nations
NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement;
economic treaty between the United States, Canada
and Mexico in which the three countries trade freely
without taxing each other
ISIS – Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
WTO – World Trade Organization; it is made up of 162
countries around the world and was created with the
goal of increasing free trade.
GATT – General Agreement of Tariff and Trade
IMF – International Monetary Fund
EU – European Union
NGO – Non-governmental Organization
INGO – International Non-governmental Organization
ITLOS – International Tribunal for the Laws of the Sea
Globalism – refers to the network of connections that
transcends distances of different countries in the
world
Informationalism – technological paradigm associated
with computer science and modern
telecommunication that replaces industrialism
Citizenship – associated with rights and obligations for
instance, right to vote and the obligation to pay taxes
Global Citizenship – defined as a moral and ethical
disposition that can guide the understanding of
individuals or groups of local and global contexts and
remind them of their relative responsibilities within
various communities
Trade Protectionism – involves the systematic
government intervention in foreign trade through
tariffs and non-tariff barriers in order to encourage
domestic producers and deter their foreign
competitors
Internal Political Challenges – where government was
more fundamental and rejected the nation of a plural
society that included religious diversity
Civil Society – includes the private economy,
educational institutions, churches, hospitals, fraternal
organizations and other non-profit organization within
a state can also act as a counterweight or a
supplement to government
External Challenges – can generally be described as
invasion by other countries
Global Corporation – companies that extend beyond
the borders of one country are called MNC/TNC
Corporation – are defined as organizations that exist
as legal entities and have liabilities that are separate
from its members
Fair Trade – a different approach to economic
globalization, which emerged as a counter to
neoliberal “free trade principles” ; Aims at a more
moral and equitable economic system, in which, for
instance, price is not set by the market, instead, it is
negotiated transparently by both producers and
consumers.
WSF – World Social Forum ; is centered on addressing
the lack of democracy in economic and political affairs
4 Challenges of Globalization to Governments
 Traditional Challenges
 Challenges from national or identity
movements
 Global Economics
 Global Social Movements
4 Sources of Global Insecurity
 Terrorism
 Economic Globalization
 Threats to national identity due to
immigration
 Spread of global diseases such as AIDS
CHAPTER 7,8,9
Media – means of conveying something such as a
channel of communication
Splinternet and Cyberbalkanization – refer the various
bubbles people place themselves in when they are
online
Two means of globalization is spatial
 Globalization is spatial because it occurs in
physical spaces
 Globalization is spatial because what makes it
move is the fact that is based in places
Three Global Cities
 New York ; has the New York Stock Exchange
 London ; has the Financial Times Stock
Exchange
 Tokyo ; has the Nikkei
Gentrification – phenomenon of driving out the poor
in favor of newer, wealthier residents
Banlieue – Ethnic enclaves

4 Factors of Emergence of Global Governance

 Declining power of nation-states

 Vast flows of all sort of things that run into
and often right through the borders of nation-
states
 Mass migration of people and their entry,
often illegally into various nation-states
 Horrendous events within the nation-states
that the states themselves either foment and
carry out, or unable to control

4 Sources of Global Insecurity

 Terrorism
 Economic Globalization
 Threats to national identity due to
immigration
 Spread of global diseases such as AIDS

4 Functions of United Nations

 Military Issues
 Economic Issues
 Environmental Issues
 Human Protection

3 Approaches to Global Economic Resistance

 Trade protectionism
 Fair Trade
 Helping the bottom billion