Medical Terms On House MD

HOUSE MD
EPISODE 1-22
Submitted by:
Abegael C. Buyayawe
BSN 1A
Episode 1
ASTHMA: stimulant triggers cells in your child's airways to release substances that inflame the
air passages and cause them to contract.
RADIATION TREATMENT: treatment that uses beams of intense energy to kill cancer cells.
LESION: any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease
or trauma.
ANEURYSM: bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall, usually
where it branches.
STROKE: sudden interruption in the blood supply of the brain.
ISCHEMIC SYNDROME: vision-threatening condition associated with severe carotid artery
occlusive disease leading to ocular hypoperfusion.
THIAMINE: is a vitamin, also called vitamin B1. found in many foods including yeast, cereal
grains, beans, nuts, and meat.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: type of scan that uses strong magnetic fields and radio
waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.
RADIOLOGY: medical specialty that uses medical imaging to diagnose and treat diseases within
the bodies of both human and animals.
GADOLINIUM: chemical element with the symbol Gd and atomic number 64.
PAINKILLERS: powerful drugs that interfere with the nervous system’s transmission of the
nerve signals we perceive pain.
STEROIDS: known as hormones, that are made naturally in the human body.
PREDNISONE: prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation.
HEADACHE: can be a sign of stress or emotional distress, or it can result from a medical disorder.
FIBROMYALGIA: a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied
by fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues.
EOSINOPHIL: type of white blood cells.
PULMONARY EMBOLISM: sudden blockage of a major blood vessel in the lung, usually by a
blood clot.
CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME: disorder characterized by extreme fatigue or tiredness that
doesn’t go away with rest and can’t be explained by an underlying medical condition.
X-RAYS: type of radiation called electromagnetic waves.
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID: clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord.
BRAIN TUMOR: a collection, or mass, of abnormal cells in your brain.
CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE: fatal degenerative brain disorder.
WERNICKE'S ENCEPHALOPATHY: an acute neurological condition characterized by a
clinical trial of ophthalmospasms with nystagmus, ataxia, and confusion.
VASCULITIS: inflammation of blood vessels in the brain.
PSITTACOSIS: can lead to nerve problems and neurological complications.
TAPEWORM: they grab onto your bowel, they live, they grow up, they reproduce.
LARVAE: the egg can pass right through the walls of the intestines into the bloodstream.
INFARCTION: it’s what happens when blood flow is obstructed. If it's in the heart,
it's a heart attack. If it's in the lungs, it's a pulmonary embolism. If it's in the brain, it's a stroke.
Episode 2
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS: diseases of the brain, spine and the nerves that connect them.
CONCUSSION: mild traumatic brain injury.
OPHTHALMOLOGIST: doctor of osteopathic medicine who specializes in eye and vision.
CT SCAN: special X-ray tests that produce cross-sectional images of the body using X-rays.
INTERHEMISPHERIC FIBER: systems and anatomical brain asymmetries in humans.
RADIONUCLIDE CISTERNOGRAM: nuclear scan test. Uses to diagnose problems with the
flow of spinal fluid.
RADIOISOTOPE: a radioactive isotope.
DNA TESTING: illuminate everything from your family to your predisposition to certain
diseases.
VACCINATION: help the immune system develop protection from a disease.
PHARMACEUTICAL: relating to medicinal drugs, or their preparation, use, or sale.
LUMBAR PUNCTURE: performed in your lower back, in the lumbar region.
RPR TEST: blood test used to screen you for syphilis.
INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE: pressure inside the skull and thus in the brain tissue and
cerebrospinal fluid.
NEUROLOGY: branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the
nervous system.
INTRAVENOUS OR INTRAMUSCULAR: administration of the recommended dose of 2 mg
to 4 mg of ATIVAN Injection to adult patients is followed by dose-related effects of sedation.
DEGENERATIVE BRAIN: diseases are caused by the decline and death of nervous system cells
called neurons.
LFT: blood test which measures the levels of several substances that are excreted by the liver.
BUN: test is used to determine how well your kidneys are working.
NEOPLASTIC: cause tumor growth both benign and malignant.
OLIGOCLONAL BANDS: bands of immunoglobulins that are seen when a patient's blood
serum, or cerebrospinal fluid is analyzed.
EEG: test used to find problems related to electrical activity of the brain.
ESOPHAGEAL MOCROPHONE: cylindrical shape with 5-mm outer diameter and 25-mm
length.
CBC: blood test to evaluate your overall health and detect a wide range of disorders.
MENTAL DISTRESS: to describe a range of symptoms and experiences of a person's internal
life.
INTRAVENTRICULAR INTERFERON: treatment for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
BIOPSY: examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or
extent of a disease.
RETINA: thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye on the inside.
VIRUS MUTATION: mutation of viruses and may refer to: The feature of viruses to
cause mutation in the human genome.
OMMAYA RESERVOIR: intraventricular catheter system that can be used for the aspiration of
cerebrospinal fluid or for the delivery of drugs.
EVED: flexible plastic catheter place by a neurointensivist and manage by intensive care unit.
MENINGITIS: inflammation of the membranes surrounding your brain and spinal cord.
TUMOR: mass of tissue that's formed by an accumulation of abnormal cells.
LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY: progressive disorder that mainly affects the brain and spinal
cord.
HUNTINGTON'S: also known as Huntington's chorea, is an inherited disorder that results in the
death of brain cells.
SYPHILIS: bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact.
AUDITORY HALLUCINATION: form of hallucination that involves perceiving sounds
without auditory stimulus.
DIABETES: disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high.
WEST NILE: spread to people by the bite of an infected mosquito.
EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS: rare cause of brain infections.
MEASLES VIRUS: acute systemic viral infection with fever, respiratory involvement and
symptoms, and a rash.
SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS: progressive neurological disorder of
children and young adults that affects the central nervous system.
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS: mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event
either experiencing it or witnessing it.
MYOCLONIC JERK: very common when you're falling asleep and sends a pulse to wake it up.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: bowel and bladder dysfunction, loss of cognitive function, pain.
Episode 3
RASH: area of irritated or swollen skin.

ABDOMINAL PAIN: caused by many conditions.
BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS: invaluable in the control of modern health care
associated infections.
ACTH TEST: measures how your adrenal glands react to the ACTH in your blood.
ECHOCARDIOGRAM: is a graphic outline of the heart's movement.
ADRENAL GLANDS: produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids
aldosterone and cortisol.
NEPHROLOGY: a specialty of medicine and pediatric medicine that concerns itself with the
kidneys.
MUCUS: slimy substance, typically not miscible with water, secreted by mucous membranes and
glands for lubrication.
TITER (OR TITRE): is a way of expressing concentration.
ANTIBIOTICS: destroys or slow down the growth of bacteria.
VIRAL HEART DISEASE: heart condition caused by a virus.
CARDIOMYOPATHY: disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for your heart to pump
blood to the rest of your body.
COUGH: reflex action to clear your airways of mucus and irritants such as dust or smoke.
DILATION: widening, of the pupils of the eyes is normal in conditions of low light in order to
allow more light to reach the retina.
URATE CRYSTALS: can form when you have high levels of uric acid in your blood.
SWELLING: is a transient abnormal enlargement of a body part or area caused not by neoplasm
but by accumulation of interstitial fluid.
COLCHICINE: used to treat or prevent gout symptoms.
CELL DIVISION: process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
MITOSIS: results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes
as the parent nucleus.
BONE MARROW: spongy tissue inside some of your bones.
LYMPHOMA: is cancer that begins in infection-fighting cells of the immune system.
DENOPATHY: is disease of the lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size or consistency.
TRICUSPID VALVE: functions as a one-way valve that closes during ventricular systole to
prevent regurgitation of blood from the right ventricle back into the right atrium.
ECTOPIC: beat is a disturbance of the cardiac rhythm frequently related to the electrical
conduction system of the heart.
G-CSF: a glycoprotein that stimulates the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells
and release them into the bloodstream.
YERSINIA INFECTION: bacterial species in the family enterobacteriaceae that most often
causes enterocolitis, acute diarrhea, terminal ileitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis.
ARTHRITIS: swelling and tenderness of one or more of your joints.
VASCULITIS: inflammation of the blood vessels. It happens when the body's immune system
attacks the blood vessel by mistake.
ALLERGY: a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically
harmless substances in the environment.
CARCINOID: slow-growing type of neuroendocrine tumor originating in the cells of the
neuroendocrine system.
SEPSIS: is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an infection.
STDs: are sexually transmitted diseases, this means they are most often but not exclusively spread
by sexual intercourse.
VIRAL HEART: is a heart condition caused by a virus. The virus attacks the heart muscle,
causing inflammation and disrupting the electrical pathways that signal the heart to beat properly.
CARDIAC INFECTION: occurs when bacteria enter your bloodstream, travel to your heart, and
lodge on abnormal heart valves or damaged heart tissue.
CARCINOID: also, carcinoid tumor is a slow-growing type of neuroendocrine tumor originating
in the cells of the neuroendocrine system.
SINUS INFECTION: infections or inflammation of the four sinus cavities.
HYPOTHYROIDISM: thyroid gland can't make enough thyroid hormone to keep the body
running normally.
STOCKHOLM SYNDROME: condition which causes hostages to develop a psychological
alliance with their captors during captivity.
COXSACKIE B: group of six serotypes of coxsackievirus, a pathogenic enterovirus, that trigger
illness ranging from gastrointestinal distress to full-fledged pericarditis and myocarditis.
EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS: virus that causes mononucleosis.
SORE THROAT: is pain, scratchiness or irritation of the throat often worsens when you swallow.
PARVOVIRUS B-19: is a common and highly contagious childhood ailment sometimes called
slapped-cheek disease because of the distinctive face rash that develops.
INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS: is inflammation of the area of the kidney known as the
interstitium, which consists of a collection of cells, extracellular matrix, and fluid surrounding the
renal tubules.
FIBROSIS: formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue in a reparative or
reactive process.
GOUT: form of inflammatory arthritis that develops in some people who have high levels of uric
acid in the blood.
KIDNEY FAILURE: occurs when your kidneys lose the ability to sufficiently filter waste from
your blood.
LYMPHOMA: cancer that begins in infection-fighting cells of the immune system, called
lymphocytes.
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA: group of conditions where the heartbeat is irregular, too slow, or
too fast.
HEMORRHOIDS: swollen veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum.
ABDOMINAL INFECTION: causes sepsis and low blood pressure.
Episode 4
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: is a type of scan that uses strong magnetic fields and
radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.
PEDIATRICIAN: doctors who manage the health of your child.
X-RAYS: are a type of radiation called electromagnetic waves.
ACYCLOVIR: an antiviral drug, slows the growth of the herpes virus in the body.
RIBAVIRIN: is an antiviral medication used to treat RSV infection, hepatitis C and some viral
hemorrhagic fevers.
BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS: invaluable in the control of modern health care
associated infections.
VANCOMYCIN: an antibiotic used to treat infections.
ABSCESS: is a painful collection of pus, usually caused by a bacterial infection.
AZTREONAM: is used to treat severe infections of the blood, urinary tract, lungs, skin, stomach,
or female reproductive organs.
ANTIBIOTICS: destroys or slow down the growth of bacteria.
ARTERIAL LINE: is a thin catheter inserted into an artery.
LEVOPHED: a vasoconstrictor, similar to adrenaline, used to treat life-threatening low blood
pressure.
AMNESIA: refers to the loss of memories, such as facts, information and experiences.
V-FIB: is when the heart quivers instead of pumping due to disorganized electrical activity in the
ventricles.
MYOCARDIUM: the muscular tissue of the heart.
FEVER: is a body temperature that is higher than normal.
BOWEL OBSTRUCTION: is a blockage in the small or the large intestine.
EPIDEMIC: is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given
population within a short period of time.
SPIKING FEVERS: a characteristic rash, and arthralgia. The fever is usually greater than 39°C
and follows a quotidian or double quotidian pattern. Virus: is a small infectious agent that
replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
BACTERIAL INFECTION: is a proliferation of a harmful strain of bacteria on or inside the
body.
METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: is a bacterium that causes
infections in different parts of the body.
PSEUDOMONAS: is a common genus of bacteria, which can create infections in the body under
certain circumstances.
VANCOMYIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS: an infection with bacteria that are resistant
to the antibiotic called vancomyin.
OCCULT INFECTION: is the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream of a child who has a fever
but who looks well and has no obvious source of infection.
TAPEWORMS: are flat, segmented worms that live in the intestines of some animals. Eating
undercooked meat from infected animals is the main cause of tapeworm infection in people.
SUPERBUGS: are viral infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to common antibiotics.
SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME (SSSS): is a serious skin infection caused by the bacterium
Staphylococcus aureus.
LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATE: is an uncommon disorder that is characterized by benign
accumulations of lymph cells in the skin.
HERPES VIRUS: is a contagious virus that can be transmitted from person to person through
direct contact.
ADENOVIRUSES: are common viruses that cause a range of illness. They can cause cold-like
symptoms, fever, sore throat, bronchitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, and pink eye.
TOXOPLASMOSIS: is a disease that results from infection with the toxoplasma gondii parasite,
one of the world's most common parasites.
RUBELLA: also called German measles or three-day measles, is a contagious viral infection best
known by its distinctive red rash.
TORCH SYNDROME: refers to infection of a developing fetus or newborn by any of a group of
infectious agents.
PARAMYXOVIRIDAE: is a family of viruses in the order mononegavirales, associated with this
negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus family include measles, mumps, and respiratory tract
infections.
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS: is a common virus that can be infect almost anyone.
ENTEROVIRUSES: are a group of viruses that cause a number of infectious illnesses which are
usually mild.
INFLUENZA A: is a contagious viral infection that attacks your respiratory system. can be
serious and cause widespread outbreaks and disease.
RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS: is one of the many viruses that cause respiratory illness
of the nose, throat, and lungs.
MALLPOX: was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and
Variola minor.
ECHOVIRUS 11: is one of the many types of viruses that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract.
RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS: known colloquially as a death rattle, are sounds often
produced by someone who is near death as a result of fluids such as saliva and
bronchial secretions accumulating in the throat and upper chest.
Episode 5
DIPHENHYDRAMINE: an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and

the common cold.
ANTIHISTAMINES: reduce or block histamines, so they stop allergy symptoms.
EPINEPHRINE: is used in emergencies to treat very serious allergic reactions to insects, foods,
drugs.
DEFIBRILLATION: is a treatment for life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias, specifically
ventricular fibrillation (VF) and non-perfusing ventricular tachycardia.
TACHYCARDIA: is a condition that makes your heart beat more than 100 times per minute.
EOSINOPHILS: are a type of disease-fighting white blood cell.
DYSENTERY: Diarrhea with blood is called dysentery.
SULFASALAZINE: used to treat a certain type of bowel disease called ulcerative colitis.
or an allergic reaction to it.
CORTICOSTEROIDS: are used to provide relief for inflamed areas of the body.
5-ASA: chemically related to aspirin, and work by damping down the inflammatory process, so
allowing damaged tissue to heal.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL: disease (IBD) is an umbrella term used to describe disorders that
involve chronic inflammation of your digestive tract.
SWELLING: may also be due to piercing rejection or an infected piercing
VISION: is something seen in a dream, trance, or religious ecstasy, especially a supernatural
appearance that usually conveys a revelation.
HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY: is a well-established treatment for decompression
sickness, a hazard of scuba diving.
REATININE: a compound which is produced by metabolism of creatine and excreted in the urine.
NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS: reduce inflammation but
are not related to steroids which also reduce inflammation.
BLOOD UREA NITROGEN (BUN) TEST: is used to determine how well your kidneys are
working.
NAPHYLACTIC SHOCK: an extreme, often life-threatening allergic reaction to an antigen to
which the body has become hypersensitive.
TRACHEAL INTUBATION: usually simply referred to as intubation, is the placement of a
flexible plastic tube into the trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit
through which to administer certain drugs.
AMBU: has a squeezable bag, a one-way valve and a face mask.
ANAPHYLAXIS: is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death.
DERMATITIS: a general term that describes a skin irritation. A common condition that has many
causes and occurs in many forms.
ASTHMA: is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus.
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME: is a severe lung condition. It occurs when fluid fills
up the air sacs in your lungs.
CELLULITIS: is a common, potentially serious bacterial skin infection. The affected skin
appears swollen and red and is typically painful and warm to the touch.
VASCULITIS: is an inflammation of the blood vessels. It happens when the body's immune
system attacks the blood vessel by mistake.
CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME: is an extremely rare disease that causes inflammation of
your blood vessels. It can damage small and medium-sized blood vessels.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: is an umbrella term used to describe disorders that
involve chronic inflammation of your digestive tract.
VASCULAR DISEASE: is a class of diseases of the blood vessels the arteries and veins of the
circulatory system of the body.
CARCINOID: is a slow-growing type of neuroendocrine tumor originating in the cells of the
neuroendocrine system.
HERPES ENCEPHALITIS: is an acute or subacute illness that causes both general and focal
signs of cerebral dysfunction.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE: is any disease that affects the parts of the body that connect
the structures of the body together.
HYPOCHONDRIA: is a condition in which a person is excessively and unduly worried about
having a serious illness.
PNEUMONITIS: is a general term that refers to inflammation of lung tissue.
BREAST CANCER: cancer that forms in the cells of the breast.
COLORECTAL CANCER: is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the
large intestine).
PROSTATE CANCER: occurs in the prostate, a small walnut-shaped gland in men that produces
the seminal fluid that nourishes and transport sperm.
LUNG CANCER: a type of cancer that begins in the lungs. Symptoms include coughing,
wheezing, shortness of breath, bloody mucus.
METABOLIC SYNDROME: is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing your risk
of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes.
ARRHYTHMIA: is a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat. It means that your heart
beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.
MAST CELL LEUKEMIA: is an extremely aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia that
usually occurs de novo but can, rarely, evolve from transformation of chronic
myeloid leukemia into the more aggressive acute myeloid leukemia.
IDIOPHATIC ANAPHYLAXIS: is characterized by recurrent anaphylaxis without known
trigger. The coexistence of acute liver injury with idiophatic anaphylaxis is rare.
Episode 6
NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS: are neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine
(hormonal) and nervous systems.
SCHIZOPHRENIA: is a mental illness characterized by abnormal behavior, strange speech, and
a decreased ability to understand reality.
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS, OR DVT: is a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body.
HERAPIN: a drug that stops your blood from forming clots in the vessels.
DOPAMINERGIC PATHWAYS: sometimes called dopaminergic projections, are the sets of
projection neurons in the brain that synthesize and release the neurotransmitter dopamine.
FUMIGATION: is a method of pest control that completely fills an area with gaseous
pesticidesor fumigants to suffocate or poison the pests within.
PROLONGED PT: means that the blood is taking too long to form a clot.
AMPICILLIN: is a prescription penicillin-type antibiotic used to treat many different types of
infections caused by bacteria, such as ear infections, bladder infections, pneumonia, gonorrhea,
and E. coli or salmonella infection.
GROWTH PLATE: also known as the epiphyseal plate is a thin layer of cartilage that lies
between the epiphyses and metaphyses, and is where the growth of long bones takes place.
ULTRASOUND: imaging uses sounds waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body.
ENDOVENOUS ABLATION: is an image-guided, minimally invasive treatment. It uses
radiofrequency or laser energy to cauterize (burn) and close the abnormal veins that lead to
varicose veins.
PINCHED GROIN NERVES: breaking a pelvic or upper leg bone or straining a muscle or
ligament can pinch groin nerves.
HICCUPS: are very common and most people will have hiccups at some time.
ETHANOL: a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula C. 2H. 6O.
CHEMOTHERAPY: is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells
in your body.
INFUSION: is the process of extracting chemical compounds or flavors from plant material in a
solvent.
IMMUNOLOGIST: is a physician specially trained to diagnose, treat and manage allergies,
asthma and immunologic disorders including primary immunodeficiency disorders.
CATARACT: is a clouding of the lens in the eye which leads to a decrease in vision.
KAYSER–FLEISCHER RINGS: are dark rings that appear to encircle the iris of the eye.
PULMONARY EMBOLISM: when a blood clot gets caught in one of the arteries that go from
the heart to the lungs, it's called the clot blocks the normal flow of blood.
VEIN THROMBOSIS: is a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body.
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS: is a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body.
PARANOIA: is an instinct or thought process believed to be heavily influenced by anxiety or
fear, often to the point of delusion and irrationality.
SORE THROAT: is pain, scratchiness or irritation of the throat that often worsens when you
swallow.
CIRRHOSIS: is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver
diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism.
CYSTIC DISEASE: is not a single condition, but instead multiple diseases and conditions which
all deal with cysts that develop on or around the kidneys.
TUMOR: is a mass of tissue that's formed by an accumulation of abnormal cells.
ANEURYSM: is a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall, usually
where it branches.
PORPHYRIA: refers to a group of disorders that result from a buildup of natural chemicals that
produce porphyrin in your body.
WILSON'S DISEASE: also known as hepatolenticular degeneration and progressive lenticular
degeneration, is a rare genetic disorder that causes copper poisoning in the body.
Episode 7
DEPRESSION: is a mood that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest.
CONTAGIOUS: transmissible by direct or indirect contact with an infected
person contagious diseases.
RADIOLOGY: is the medical specialty that uses medical imaging to diagnose and treat diseases
within the bodies of both human and animals.
INFLAMMATION: a localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened,
swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection. SPLEEN: is an
organ in virtually all vertebrates.
NEUROLOGY: branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the
nervous system.
PARASITE: is an organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from or at the
expense its host.
BRAINSTEM: is the posterior part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: is a type of scan that uses strong magnetic fields and
radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.
MESODIENCEPHALI: dopaminergic neurons are involved in the control of voluntary
movements and in the regulation of emotion-related behavior.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels
that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke.
ANEMIA: is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate
oxygen to your body's tissues.
BLOOD TEST: a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from
a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick.
PATHOLOGY: is a branch of medical science that involves the study and diagnosis of disease
through the examination of surgically removed organs, tissues (biopsy samples), bodily fluids, and
in some cases the whole body (autopsy).
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NAUSEOUS: affected with nausea; inclined to vomit.
ASPIRATION: you are breathing foreign objects into your airways.
SUCTION: the production of a partial vacuum by the removal of air in order to force fluid into a
vacant space or procure adhesion.
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET): an imaging test that helps reveal how your
tissues and organs are functioning.
POSTICTAL STATE: is the altered state of consciousness after an epileptic seizure.
MAMMOGRAPHY: a specific type of breast imaging that uses low-dose x-rays to detect cancer
early before women experience symptoms.
INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN: is a blood product prepared from the serum of
between 1000 and 15 000 donors per batch. It is the treatment of choice for patients with antibody
deficiencies.
HYDROCORTISONE: is the name for the hormone cortisol when supplied as a medication.
HALDOL (HALOPERIDOL): is an antipsychotic drug that decreases excitement in the brain.
IMMUNOTHERAPY: also called biologic therapy, is a type of cancer treatment that boosts the
body's natural defenses to fight cancer.
BLOOD CULTURE: is a test that checks for foreign invaders like bacteria, yeast, and other
microorganisms in your blood.
BACTERIA: are single-cell organisms that are neither plants nor animals.
SEROLOGY: the study of antibodies presents within a given antiserum the clear liquid.
VIRUS: is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
BLOOD TRANSFUSION: is a way of adding blood to your body after an illness or injury.
HYPERSOMNIA: which refers to either excessive daytime sleepiness or excessive time spent
sleeping, is a condition in which a person has trouble staying awake during the day.
FEVER: is a body temperature that is higher than normal.
MALARIA: is a disease caused by a parasite. The parasite is transmitted to humans through the
bites of infected mosquitoes.
CHAGAS DISEASE: also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease
caused by the protist Trypanosoma cruzi.
SEIZURE: is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. It can cause changes in
your behavior, movements or feelings, and in levels of consciousness.
SMALL GLIOMA: are brain tumors that come from two different types of brain cells know as
astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
LYME DISEASE: also known as Lyme borreliosis, is an infectious disease caused by the
Borrelia bacterium which is spread by ticks.
PARANEOPLASTIC: syndrome is a syndrome (a set of signs and symptoms) that is the
consequence of cancer in the body, but unlike a mass effect, is not due to the local presence of
cancer cells.
BREAST CANCER: is a cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts.
AEROSOLIZATION: is the process or act of converting some physical substance into the form
of particles small and light enough to be carried on the air.
COLD: is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.
INFECTION: is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their
multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
SERUM ANTIBODIES: are an essential component of innate and adaptive immunity and
immunological memory.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS): is the part of the nervous system consisting of
the brain and spinal cord.
CHLORAMPHENICOL: is a synthetic broad spectrum antimicrobial which is active against
most Gram-negative and Gram positive aerobic bacteria. It is also active against many anaerobic
bacteria.
GLASS SYRINGE: is used to construct a thermometer, a miniature hydraulic press, and a
working heat engine.
MELARSOPROL: is a medication used for the treatment of sleeping sickness (African
trypanosomiasis).
ARSENIC: is a chemical element with the symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in
many minerals, usually in combination with sulfur and metals, but also as a pure
elemental crystal.
BLOOD POISONING: occurs when bacteria causing infection in another part of your body enter
your bloodstream.
BRAIN DAMAGE: is an injury that causes the destruction or deterioration of brain cells.
HEART ARRHYTHMIA: is a group of conditions where the heartbeat is irregular, too slow, or
too fast.
AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS: also known as sleeping sickness, is an insect-borne parasitic
disease of humans and other animals.
TOXIN: is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms.
TULAREMIA: is a rare infectious disease that typically attacks the skin, eyes, lymph nodes and
lungs.
APLASTIC ANEMIA: is a condition that occurs when your body stops producing enough new
blood cells
LYMPHADENOPATHY: is disease of the lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size or
consistency
THYROID CANCER: occurs in the cells of the thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland located at the
base of your neck, just below your Adam's apple.
METASTASIS: means that cancer spreads to a different body part from where it started. When
this happens, doctors say the cancer has “metastasized.”
HYPERKINESIA: refers to an increase in muscular activity that can result in excessive abnormal
movements, excessive normal movements, or a combination of both.
COMA: is a deep state of unconsciousness. Thyroid cancer: occurs in the cells of the thyroid, a
butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck, just below your Adam’s apple.
Episode 8
NAUSEOUS: affected with nausea; inclined to vomit.

HEART RATE: measures the number of times the heart beats per minute.
ATROPINE: is a medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent.
CHARCOAL: is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by removing water and other
volatile constituents from animal and plant materials.
NALOXONE: is a medication used to block the effects of opioids, especially decreased breathing
in overdose.
TOXICOLOGY SCREEN: is a test that determines the approximate amount and type of legal or
illegal drugs that you've taken.
CT, OR CAT SCANS: are special X-ray tests that produce cross-sectional images of the body
using X-rays and a computer.
BRADYCARDIA: is a heart rate that's too slow. What's considered too slow can depend on your
age and physical condition.
DIABETES: is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high.
SHIGELLOSIS: is an infectious disease caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella.
1,4-BUTANEDIOL: is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH. It is a
colorless viscous liquid.
TONER: is a powder mixture used in laser printers and photocopiers to form the printed text and
images on the paper, in general through a toner cartridge.
Γ-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID (GHB): also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, is a naturally
occurring neurotransmitter and a psychoactive drug.
DRUG: is any substance (with the exception of food and water) which, when taken into the body,
alters the body's function either physically and/or psychologically.
DIAZEPAM: is used to treat anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and seizures.
Precaution: is an action that is intended to prevent something dangerous
or unpleasant from happening.
SEIZURE: is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain.
DRUG OVERDOSE: is the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities
greater than are recommended.
BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION: is an ecological phenomenon, comprising changes in the
available substrates and production of volatile compounds due to the presence of microbes in the
stored product.
PESTICIDE POISONING: occurs when chemicals intended to control a pest affect non-target
organisms such as humans, wildlife, or bees.
CARBAMATE: is an organic compound derived from carbamic acid (NH2COOH).
INHALATION: for most chemicals in the form of vapors, gases, mists, or particulates.
PRALIDOXIME: is an antidote to organophosphate pesticides and chemicals.
ORGANOPHOSPHATES: are a group of human-made chemicals that poison insects and
mammals.
MALATHION: is an insecticide in the chemical family known as organophosphates.
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA (SVC): is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks
that return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart.
TRICUSPID VALVE: functions as a one-way valve that closes during ventricular systole to
prevent regurgitation of blood from the right ventricle back into the right atrium.
RIGHT VENTRICLE: is the chamber within the heart that is responsible for pumping oxygen-
depleted blood to the lungs.
DISULFOTON: is an organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide.
NERVOUS SYSTEM: is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from
the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body.
SANITY: refers to the soundness, rationality, and health of the human mind, as opposed
to insanity.
SALINE: is a mixture of sodium chloride in water and has a number of uses in medicine.
RETINA: is a thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye on the inside.
CHEMICAL RESIDUES: are the traces of a chemical or its breakdown products that remain in
or on treated produce after a particular time.
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS: is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a
person's symptoms and signs.
SPIROCHETES: are gram-negative, motile, spiral bacteria, from 3 to 500 m (1 m = 0.001 mm)
long.
PENICILLIN: is a group of antibiotics, derived originally from common moulds.
MILLIGRAM: a unit of measurement of mass in the metric system equal to a thousandth of a
gram.
LANOLIN: is a wax secreted by the sebaceous glands of wool-bearing animals.
CEREBRAL CORTEX: is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans
and other mammals
PRESCRIPTION: often abbreviated ℞ or Rx, is a health-care program implemented by a
physician or other qualified health care practitioner in the form of instructions that govern the plan
of care for an individual patient.
ADVANCED TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT (ATLS): is a training program for medical providers
in the management of acute trauma cases.
CHEMICAL COMPOUND: is a chemical substance that is composed of a particular set of
atoms or ions.
MYOCARDITIS: is an inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium). Can affect your heart
muscle and your heart's electrical system, reducing your heart's ability to pump and causing rapid
or abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias).
BOTULISM: is a serious illness caused by the botulinum toxin.
GASTROENTERITIS: is an inflammation of the lining of the intestines caused by a virus,
bacteria, or parasites.
MENTAL CONFUSION: is a change in mental status in which a person is not able to think with
his or her usual level of clarity. Confusion leads to the loss of ability to recognize people and or
places, or tell time and the date.
FOOD POISONING: caused by the ingestion of preformed bacterial toxins is considered in
relation to comparative symptoms, procedures for extraction and purification of the causal toxins.
PANIC DISORDER: is an anxiety disorder characterized by reoccurring unexpected panic
attacks.
MENTAL ILLNESS: is a condition that affects a person's thinking, feeling or mood.
HEART ATTACK: is the death of a segment of heart muscle caused by a loss of blood supply.
SYPHILIS: is a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact. The disease starts as a
painless sore typically on your genitals, rectum or mouth.
CHLAMYDIA: is a common sexually transmitted disease. It is caused by bacteria
called Chlamydia trachomatis.
Episode 9
MULTIPLE TREATMENTS: like multivalued treatments, generalize the binary treatment

effects framework.
MULTIPLE SURGERIES: are separate procedures performed by a single physician or
physicians in the same group practice on the same patient at the same operative session or on the
same day for which separate payment may be allowed.
NASAL CANNULA (NC): is a device used to deliver supplemental oxygen or increased airflow
to a patient or person in need of respiratory help.
BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTIC: is an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial
groups, gram-positive and gram-negative, or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of
disease-causing bacteria.
SEPTIC SHOCK: is a potentially fatal medical condition that occurs when sepsis, which is organ
injury or damage in response to infection, leads to dangerously low blood pressure and
abnormalities in cellular metabolism.
ADRENAL GLANDS: are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones
including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.
THYROID: is a small gland located in the lower-front part of your neck. It's responsible for
helping to regulate many of the body's processes, such as metabolism, energy generation, and
mood.
ANTIBODIES: also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped proteins that are produced by the
immune system to help stop intruders from harming the body.
PARALYSIS: is the loss of muscle function in part of your body. It happens when something
goes wrong with the way messages pass between your brain and muscles.
LOBAR PNEUMONIA: is a form of pneumonia characterized by inflammatory exudate within
the intra-alveolar space resulting in consolidation that affects a large and continuous area of the
lobe of a lung.
PNEUMONIA: is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs.
LOU GEHRIG'S DISEASE: is a specific disease that causes the death of neurons controlling
voluntary muscles.
GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME: is a rare disorder in which your body's immune system
attacks your nerves.
TRANSVERSE MYELITIS: is an inflammation of both sides of one section of the spinal cord.
MULTIFOCAL MOTOR NEUROPATHY: is a rare neuropathy characterized by progressive,
asymmetric muscle weakness and atrophy (wasting).
INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN (IVIG): is a blood product prepared from the serum
of between 1000 and 15 000 donors per batch. It is the treatment of choice for patients with
antibody deficiencies.
DO-NOT-RESUSCITATE ORDER, OR DNR: order, is a medical order written by a doctor. It
instructs health care providers not to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if a patient's
breathing stops or if the patient's heart stops beating.
STEROID: is a biologically active organic compound with four rings arranged in a
specific molecular configuration.
INSULIN: is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to
be the main anabolic hormone of the body.
HEPARIN: is an anticoagulant (blood thinner) that prevents the formation of blood clots.
INTUBATE: to put a tube in, commonly used to refer to the insertion of a breathing tube into the
trachea for mechanical ventilation.
VENTILATOR: is a machine that breathes for you or helps you breathe.
BIOPSY: is a procedure to remove a piece of tissue or a sample of cells from your body so that it
can be analyzed in a laboratory.
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU): is a special department of a hospital or health care facility that
provides intensive treatment medicine.
DEPRESSION: is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the
way you think and how you act.
THYROID DISORDERS: can range from a small, harmless goiter (enlarged gland) that needs
no treatment to life-threatening cancer.
CYTOXAN: is a cancer (chemotherapy) medication used to treat several types of cancer.
PHARMACY: is the science and technique of preparing, dispensing, and reviewing drugs and
providing additional clinical services.
MEDICAL LICENSE: is an occupational license that permits a person to legally
practice medicine.
EMBOLUS: is anything that moves through the blood vessels until it reaches a vessel that is too
small to let it pass.
BLOOD CLOT: a thick and sticky clump of dried blood that stops blood from flowing through
a blood vessel in a person or an animal.
TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR: is a protein involved in the breakdown of
blood clots.
INFUSION: is the process of extracting chemical compounds or flavors from plant material in a
solvent.
BLEEDING: also known as a hemorrhage or hemorrhage, is blood escaping from the circulatory
system from damaged blood vessels.
EMBOLECTOMY: is the emergency surgical removal of emboli which are blocking blood
circulation.
DIABETES: is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high.
CAROTID ARTERIES: are arteries that supply the head and neck with oxygenated blood.
ENZYME REPLACEMENT THERAPY (ERT): is a medical treatment which replaces
an enzyme that is deficient or absent in the body.
STEROID: is a biologically active organic compound with four rings arranged in a
specific molecular configuration.
ANTIBIOTIC: is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria and is the most
important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY: is the property of a substance or treatment that
reduces inflammation or swelling.
RESPIRATORY FAILURE: results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system,
meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide or both cannot be kept at normal levels.
INTRADURAL: are less common than those affecting the extradural/bony spine.
ANATOMICAL POSITION: is the description of any region or part of the body in a specific
stance.
GRANULOMATOSIS: a rare disease of uncertain cause that can affect people of all ages.
HEART DISEASE: encompasses a wide range of cardiovascular problems. Heart disease, such as
coronary heart disease, heart attack, congestive heart failure, and congenital heart disease.
MENTAL ILLNESS: is a condition that affects a person's thinking, feeling or mood.
EMBOLIC STROKE: occurs when a blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body breaks loose
and travels to the brain via the bloodstream.
ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION: is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels connecting
arteries and veins, which disrupts normal blood flow and oxygen circulation.
Episode 10
DRUG OVERDOSE: is the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities

greater than are recommended.
DELUSIONAL DISORDER: previously called paranoid disorder, is a type of serious mental
illness called a psychotic disorder.
LESION: is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused
by disease or trauma.
BENIGN: refers to a condition, tumor, or growth that is not cancerous. This means that it
does not spread to other parts of the body. It does not invade nearby tissue.
INTRAVENOUS (IV) PUSH: is the rapid administration of a small volume of medication into a
patient's vein via a previously inserted IV catheter.
INSULIN: is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to
be the main anabolic hormone of the body.
SIMPLE PARTIAL SEIZURE: is a warning seizure that can indicate another seizure is about to
occur.
MEDICAL HISTORY: being an account of all medical events and problems a person has
experienced is an important tool in the management of the patient.
CHEMICAL IMBALANCE: theory is unproven and often cited as an explanation for mental
disorders.
LOW MAGNESIUM: are usually subtle unless your levels become severely low.
HIGH CALCIUM: too much calcium in your blood can weaken your bones, create kidney stones,
and interfere with how your heart and brain work.
ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE: causes a variety of symptoms that can be severe.
HIV: is a virus spread through certain body fluids that attacks the body's immune system,
specifically the CD4 cells, often called T cells.
HEPATITIS C: is a viral infection that causes liver inflammation, sometimes leading to serious
liver damage.
DIABETES: is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose
comes from the foods you eat.
TETANUS VACCINE: also known as tetanus toxoid (TT), is an inactive vaccine used to
prevent tetanus.
IRON DEXTRAN: is a form of the mineral iron. Iron is important for many functions in the body,
especially for the transport of oxygen in the blood.
ANEMIA: is a condition that develops when your blood lacks enough healthy red blood
cells or hemoglobin.
RESPIRATORY ARREST: is a condition that exists at any point a patient stops breathing or is
ineffectively breathing.
ALLERGIC REACTION: happens very quickly and in some instances may be fatal.
STAT: a common medical abbreviation for urgent or rush.
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS ARE DISEASES: of the brain, spine and the nerves that
connect them.
FROSTBITE: is an injury caused by freezing of the skin and underlying tissues. First your skin
becomes very cold and red, then numb, hard and pale.
PROZAC: is an antidepressant. It is mainly used to treat major depression, obsessive-compulsive
disorder, and panic disorder.
ULTRASOUND: uses high-frequency sound waves to make an image of a person's internal body
structures.
MEDICAL CHART: are used somewhat interchangeably to describe the systematic
documentation of a single patient's medical history and care across time within one particular
health care provider's jurisdiction.
ONCOLOGY: is the study of cancer. An oncologist is a doctor who treats cancer and provides
medical care for a person diagnosed with cancer.
CA 125: test measures the amount of the protein CA 125 (cancer antigen 125) in your blood.
CENTRAL NECROSIS: refers to the debris left behind when cells die.
BRAIN TUMOR: is a collection, or mass, of abnormal cells in your brain.
SUBDURAL HEMATOMA: is a collection of blood outside the brain and usually caused by
severe head injurie
CRANIAL TRAUMA: occurs when an object pierces the skull and breaches the dura mater.
RESPIRATORY ARREST: is a condition that exists at any point a patient stops breathing or is
ineffectively breathing.
BROMOCRIPTINE: is used alone or with other to treat Parkinson's disease. It can improve your
ability to move and can decrease shakiness, stiffness, slowed movement, and unsteadiness.
URINE CULTURE: is a test to find germs in the urine that can cause an infection.
LUMBAR PUNCTURE: is performed in your lower back, in the lumbar region.
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) CULTURE: is a laboratory test to look for bacteria, fungi,
and viruses in the fluid that moves in the space around the spinal cord.
GRAM STAINING: is a common technique used to differentiate two large groups of bacteria
based on their different cell wall constituents.
CEFTRIAXONE: injection is an antibacterial drug used to treat conditions such as lower
respiratory tract infections, skin and skin structure infections, urinary tract infections, pelvic
inflammatory disease, bacterial septicemia, bone and joint infections, and meningitis.
ADENOSINE: is a purine nucleoside base, most commonly recognized with the
molecule adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, and is used thoroughly throughout the entire body in
general metabolism.
SEDATIVES: are a type of prescription medication that slows down your brain activity.
NUMBNESS: describes a loss of sensation or feeling in a part of your body.
ABDOMINAL PAIN: can be caused by many conditions. However, the main causes are
infection, abnormal growths, inflammation, obstruction (blockage), and intestinal disorders.
OVARIAN CANCER: is a type of cancer begins in the ovaries.
PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES: are rare disorders that are triggered by an altered immune
system response to a neoplasm.
TUBERCULOMA: is a clinical manifestation of tuberculosis which conglomerates tubercles into
a firm lump, and so can mimic cancer tumors of many types in medical imaging studies.
POISON: a substance, natural or synthetic, that causes damage to living tissues and has an
injurious or fatal effect on the body, whether it is ingested, inhaled, or absorbed or injected through
the skin.
SEROTONIN SYNDROME: is a group of symptoms that may occur with the use of
certain serotonergic medications or drugs.
MENINGITIS: is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding your brain and spinal cord.
CACCHI-RICCI DISEASE: is a birth defect where changes occur in the tubules, or tiny tubes,
inside a fetus' kidneys.
KORSAKOFF SYNDROME: is a chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of
thiamine (vitamin B-1).
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA: is a pulse of more than 100 beats per minute with at least
three irregular heartbeats in a row. It is caused by a malfunction in the heart's electrical system.
Tuberculosis (TB): is a disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
RIFAMPICIN: also known as rifampin, is an antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial
infections.
STREPTOMYCIN: is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.
STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASE: refers to heart disease that is acquired through wear and
tear, or heart disease that people are born with.
ENTRAPMENT NEUROPATHIES: are a group of disorders of the peripheral nerves that are
characterized by pain and/or loss of function (motor and/or sensory) of the nerves as a result of
chronic compression.
PARANOIA: is an instinct or thought process believed to be heavily influenced by anxiety or
fear, often to the point of delusion and irrationality.
HYDROPHOBIA: is an older term for the disease rabies, and it means "fear of water."
RABIES: is a deadly virus spread to people from the saliva of infected animals.
Episode 11
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or

pharmaceutical drugs for use as medications to be administered (or self-administered) to patients,
with the aim to cure them, vaccinate them, or alleviate the symptoms.
VICODIN: contains a combination of acetaminophen and hydrocodone.
MANUAL VACUUM ASPIRATION: a method of abortion that consists of removing the
embryo by suction. Mevalonic acid, an important compound in molecular biology.
HAPTOGLOBIN: is an acute-phase reactant whose principal clinical utility is in defining
conditions of hemolysis.
ARTIFICIAL HEART VALVE: is a device implanted into the heart of a patient to replace a
dysfunctional native heart valve.
RED BLOOD CELLS: also remove carbon dioxide from your body, transporting it to the lungs
for you to exhale. Red blood cells are made in the bone marrow.
HYPOALLERGENIC: it is used to describe items (especially cosmetics and textiles) that cause
or are claimed to cause fewer allergic reactions.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY (RIA): is an immunoassay that uses radiolabeled molecules in a
stepwise formation of immune complexes.
PHARMACISTS: who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and
effective medication use.
INFARCTION: is tissue death due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area.
LIMB INFARCTION: is an area of tissue death of an arm or leg. It may cause skeletal muscle
infarction, avascular necrosis of bones, or necrosis of a part of or an entire limb.
COCAINE: also known as coke, is a strong stimulant most frequently used as a recreational drug.
METHAMPHETAMINE: is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly
used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder and obesity.
GALLIUM SCAN: is a test to look for swelling (inflammation), infection, or cancer in the body.
RADIOACTIVE ISOTPES: have an unstable nucleus that decays or emits excess energy or
radiation until the nucleus becomes stable.
JOINT PAIN: can be caused by injury affecting any of the ligaments, bursae, or tendons
surrounding the joint.
IMMUNE SYSTEM: is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and
processes within an organism that protects against disease.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: is a network consisting of blood, blood vessels, and the heart.
ANA: antinuclear antibody, an unusual antibody directed against structures within the nucleus of
the cell.
BRUISE: appears on the skin due to trauma.
GROIN: is the junctional area between the abdomen and the thigh on either side of the pubic
bone.
PANCREAS: is about 6 inches long and sits across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach.
LYMPH NODE: A small bean-shaped structure that is part of the body's immune system.
HEMATOCRIT: is a blood test that measures the volume percentage (vol%) of red blood
cells (RBC) in blood.
RETINA CLOT: blood clots in the retina is unknown It may occur when the veins of the eye are
too narrow.
COUMADIN: (warfarin) is an anticoagulant (blood thinner).
BLOOD THINNER: is prevent blood clots, which can stop blood flow to the heart.
PLATELET COUNT: ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood.
TACHYCARDIA: is a condition that makes your heart beat more than 100 times per minute.
ECHOCARDIOGRAM: (echo) is a graphic outline of the heart's movement.
ANTIBIOTIC: is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria and is the most
important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections.
ENDOCARDITIS: is an inflammation of the valves of the heart.
DOSAGE: means quantity (in units of energy/mass) in the fields of nutrition, medicine,
and toxicology.
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA: is a disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they
can be made.
VITREOUS HUMOUR: is a clear, color less fluid that fills the space between the lens and the
retina of your eye.
RETINAL ARTERY: branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve
within its dural sheath to the eyeball.
ALANINE TRANSAMINASE (ALT): is a transaminase enzyme.
LIVER DISEASE: can be inherited (genetic) or caused by a variety of factors
that damage the liver, such as viruses and alcohol use.
MENINGITIS: is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding your brain and spinal cord.
HEPATITIS E: is inflammation of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV).
PLASMAPHERESIS: is a process in which the liquid part of the blood, or plasma, is separated
from the blood cells.
SOLUMEDROL: used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood disorders, severe allergic
reactions, certain cancers, eye conditions, skin/kidney/intestinal/lung diseases, and immune
system disorders.
HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK: is an emergency condition in which severe blood or fluid loss makes
the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body.
ANGIOGRAPHY: is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of
blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart
chambers.
GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING (GI BLEED): is all forms of bleeding in
the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum.
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA: are a set of signs, symptoms, and tests developed for use in routine
clinical care to guide the care of individual patients.
TRANSPLANT: a medical operation in which an organ or other part is removed from the body
of one person and put into the body of another person.
BLOOD TYPE: is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence
of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells.
SCALPEL: is a small and extremely sharp bladed instrument used for surgery, anatomical
dissection, podiatry and various arts and crafts.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS: drugs that inhibit or prevent activity of the immune
system.
LUPOID HEPATITIS: is a chronic, autoimmune disease of the liver that occurs when the body's
immune system attacks liver cells causing the liver to be inflamed.
TERMITES: are eusocial insects that are classified at the taxonomic rank of infraorder Isoptera,
or as epifamily Termitoidae within the cockroach order Blattodea.
AUTOPSY: is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by
dissection to determine the cause, mode and manner of death or to evaluate any disease or injury
that may be present for research or educational purposes.
NARCOTICS: are also called opioid pain relievers. They are only used for pain that is severe and
is not helped by other types of painkillers.
LUPUS: is a systemic autoimmune disease that occurs when your body's immune system attacks
your own tissues and organs.
CANCER: is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or
spread to other parts of the body
CHILLS: refers to a feeling of being cold without an apparent cause.
NAUSEA: is a non-specific symptom, which means that it has many possible causes.
PANCREATIC CANCER: begins in the tissues of your pancreas — an organ in your abdomen
that lies horizontally behind the lower part of your stomach
LYMPHOMA: is cancer that begins in infection-fighting cells of the immune system, called
lymphocytes.
INTERNAL BLEEDING: (also called internal hemorrhage) is a loss of blood from a blood
vessel that collects inside the body.
INSOMNIA: is a sleep disorder that is characterized by difficulty falling and/or staying asleep.
DEPRESSION: is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the
way you think and how you act.
HEPATITIS E: is inflammation of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV).
PSYCHOSIS: is a condition that affects the way your brain processes information. It causes you
to lose touch with reality.
HALLUCINATIONS: are sensations that appear real but are created by your mind.
AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS: is one exception. This type of liver disease occurs when your
immune system attacks your liver cells.
NAPHTHALENE TOXICITY: naphthalene poisoning is an uncommon poisoning due to its
pungent smell, taste, insolubility in water, and poor absorption from the gut.
ACUTE LIVER FAILURE: is an uncommon condition in which rapid deterioration
of liver function results in coagulopathy.
Episode 12
OSTEOPENIA: a condition in which bone mineral density is lower than normal.
FAT PAD BIOPSY: needle aspiration is the most common method of taking an abdominal wall.
STEROIDS: any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure
containing four rings of carbon atoms. include many hormones, alkaloids, and vitamins.
CANCER: a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or
spread to other parts of the body.
NITROUS OXIDE: commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, is a chemical compound, with
the formula N2O.
HYPOGONADISM: diminished functional activity of the gonads the testes or the ovaries that
may result in diminished production of sex hormones.
LUPRON: a synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone used in men to treat symptoms of prostate
cancer, and in women to treat symptoms of endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
TESTICLES: is the male reproductive gland or gonad in all animals, including humans. It
is homologous to the female ovary.
AMYLOIDOSIS: a rare disorder in which there is a buildup of an abnormal protein
called amyloid.
KAYEXOLATE: a benzene, diethenyl-polymer, with ethenylbenzene, sulfonated, sodium salt
HALLUCINATING: perception in the absence of external stimulus that has qualities of real
perception.
CADNIUM: a soft, malleable, bluish white metal found in zinc ores, and to a much lesser extent,
in the cadmium mineral greenockite.
ADDISON’S DISEASE: also known as primary adrenal insufficiency and hypocortisolism, is a
long-term endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid
hormones.
CLUBBING: fingertips spread out and become rounder than normal, is often linked to heart or
lung conditions.
BALD-HEADED: having a scalp wholly or partly lacking hair.
Episode 13
CEFUROXIME: is a cephalosporin (SEF a low spor in) antibiotic.
LEGIONNAIRE’S DISEASE: means industrial ventilation systems.
CHLAMYDIA: a common sexually transmitted disease.
PNEUMONIA: an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs.
NYMPHAL TICKS: approximately the size of a poppy seed.
FUNGAL PNEUMONIA: an infection of the lungs by fungi. It can be caused by either endemic
or opportunistic or a combination of both.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: the process of differentiating between two or more conditions
which share similar signs or symptoms.
PURILE EFFUSIONS: area between the two layers of the thin membrane that covers the lungs.
MEDIASTINUM: a membranous partition between two body cavities or two parts of an organ,
especially between the lungs.
PARABRONCHIAL THICKENING/PERIBRONCHIAL CUFFING: a radiologic sign which
occurs when excess fluid or mucus build up in the small airway passages on the lung causes
localized patches of atelectasis.
CEFUROXIME: a cephalosporin antibiotic.
ANTHRAX: serious infection disease cause by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as
Bacillus anthrasis.
SARCOIDOSIS: inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs in the body, but mostly the
lungs and lymph glands.
METHOTREXATE: used to treat certain types of cancer and to control severe psoriasis.
LANCET: one bizarre allergic reaction.
CARPEL TUNNEL: is a narrow passageway in the wrist about an inch wide.
NEUROLOGICAL: disorders diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system.
RHEUMATOLOGISTS: is an internists or paediatrician who received further training in the
diagnosis.
LEVAQUIN: an abiotic for treating several types of bacterial infections.
LEISHMANIA: a disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite(genus Leishmania)
transmitted by the bite of a female sandfly.
FILARIASIS: parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarioide type
and these are spread by blood-feeding diptera such as black flies and mosquitoes.
LEISHMANIASIS: a disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite transmitted by the bite
of a female phlebotomine sandfly.
PROCTOLOGIST: a doctor specializing in the colon, rectum and anus.
ANGIOGRAM: a diagnostic test that uses x-rays to take pictures of your blood vessels.
DISC HERNIATION: occurs when a portion of the nucleus pushes through a crack in the
annulus.
SEDIMENTATION RATE: a type of blood test that measures how quickly erythrocytes (red
blood cells) settle at the bottom of a test tube that contains a blood sample.
IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSE: anamnestic response in medicine is a delayed immunologic
response.
TRICHINOSIS: a parasitic disease caused by roundworms of the Trichinella type. During the
initial infection, invasion of the intestines can result in diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting.
NEUROGENIC: the primary defect is within the muscle, as opposed to the nerves.
TOXOPLASMOSIS OR POLYARTERITIS NODOSA: a vasculitis characterized by
inflammatory necrosis of medium‐sized arteries.
SKIN LESIONS: a part of the skin that has an abnormal growth or appearance compared to
the skin around it.
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS: a genetic disorder of the nervous system. It mainly affects how nerve
cells form and grow.
ANTIBIOTICS: also known as antibacterials, are medications that destroy or slow down the
growth of bacteria.
CT SCAN: are special X-ray tests that produce cross-sectional images of the body using X-rays
and a computer.
swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
PRIMARY BONE CANCER: cancer starts in a bone. It may develop on the surface, in the outer
layer or from the centre of the bone.
PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES: occurs if the body's immune system makes antibodies that
attack phospholipids.
CHURG-STRAUSS: a disorder marked by blood vessel inflammation. This inflammation can
restrict blood flow to organs and tissues, sometimes permanently damaging them.
RADIATION TREATMENT: a type of cancer treatment that uses beams of intense energy to
kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy most often uses X-rays, but protons or other types of energy
also can be used.
MACROBIOTIC DIET: aim to avoid the "toxins" that come from eating dairy products, meats,
and oily foods and consists largely of whole grains, cereals, and cooked vegetables.
TOXIC NEUROPATHY: is nerve damage caused by toxic (harmful) substances. It is a form of
peripheral neuropathy, damage to the nerves away from the brain and spinal cord.
NEUROLOGICAL: disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system.
CARPAL TUNNEL SURGERY: local anesthetic is used for this procedure to numb the hand
and wrist. In an open release surgery, the surgeon cuts about a 2-inch incision on the wrist. Then
he or she uses common surgical instruments to cut the carpal ligament and enlarge the carpal
tunnel.
ULNAR NERVE: a nerve that runs near the ulna bone.
FITE STAIN: a less common special staining useful in Histopathology.
LEPROSY: known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium
leprae.
ANTIBODIES: also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped proteins that are produced by the
immune system to help stop intruders from harming the body.
THALIDOMIDE: is an immunomodulatory drug and the prototype of the thalidomide class of
drugs.
SCLERODERMA: an uncommon condition that results in hard, thickened areas of skin and
sometimes problems with internal organs and blood vessels.
CYTOXAN: is a cancer medication used to treat several types of cancer.
BIOPSY: an examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause,
or extent of a disease.
Episode 14
ANGIOGRAM.: a diagnostic test that uses x-rays to take pictures of your blood vessels
DISC HERNIATION: occurs when a portion of the nucleus pushes through a crack in the
annulus.
TRICHINOSIS: a parasitic disease caused by roundworms of the Trichinella type.
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away and die.
NEUROGENIC OR MYOPATHIC ABNORMALITIES: the primary defect is within the
muscle, as opposed to the nerves
TOXOPLASMOSIS OR POLYARTERITIS NODOSA: a vasculitis characterized by
inflammatory necrosis of medium‐sized arteries. The final diagnosis was of juvenile PAN
associated with toxoplasmosis infection.
PRIMARY BONE CANCER: means that the cancer starts in a bone. It may develop on the
surface, in the outer layer or from the center of the bone.
ONCOLOGIST: is a doctor who treats cancer and provides medical care for a person diagnosed
with cancer. The field of oncology has three major areas: medical, surgical, and radiation.
ORTHOPEDICS: is the branch of medicine concerned with the musculoskeletal system and
treating injuries to bones, joints, ligaments, or tendons.
OPHTHALMOLOGY: is a branch of medicine and surgery which deals with the diagnosis and
treatment of eye disorders.
SEDIMENTATION RATE: is a type of blood test that measures how quickly erythrocytes (red
blood cells) settle at the bottom of a test tube that contains a blood sample.
IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSE: anamnestic response in medicine is a delayed immunologic
response.
swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
COLONOSCOPY: is an outpatient procedure in which the inside of the large intestine (colon and
rectum) is examined.
INFLAMMATORY PROCESS: occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins,
heat, or any other cause. The damaged cells release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin,
and prostaglandins.
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF): is a chronic progressive condition that affects the
pumping power of your heart muscles.
DEPARTMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICINE: one of only a handful of
similar medical school departments nationwide, operates in partnership with local clinical
practices and community physicians to redefine how diagnostic testing is designed, delivered and
leveraged to improve health.
PSYCHIATRIC CONDITION: is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress
or impairment of personal functioning.
PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS: are noninvasive tests that show how well the lungs are
working.
FEB/FEC RATIO: it represents the proportion of a person's vital capacity that they are able to
expire in the first second of forced expiration.
DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide is a medical test that determines how
much oxygen travels from the alveoli of the lungs to the blood stream.
MUGA: a multigated acquisition scan IS an ejection fraction of 19% with no focal wall or motion
abnormalities.
HEART CATHETERIZATION: revealed clean left, right and circumflex arteries, and
subsequent biopsy revealed irreversible cardial myopathy.
ATHEROSCLEROTIC VASCULAR DISEASE: disease in which plaque builds up inside your
arteries.
BREAST CANCER: is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts and it is the most common
cancer diagnosed in women in the United States.
THORACENTESIS: to drain the fluid from her lungs and revealed a transudate.
HEART TRANSPLANT: is an operation in which a failing, diseased heart is replaced with a
healthier, donor heart.
MUGA SCAN: a multigated acquisition scan is a noninvasive diagnostic test used to evaluate the
pumping function of the ventricles (lower chambers of the heart).
ANTI-DEPRESSANTS: popular treatment choice for depression.
BULIMIA: is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder. People with bulimia may
secretly binge eating large amounts of food with a loss of control over the eating.
Episode 15
GLASGOW COMA SCALE: most common scoring system used to describe the level of
consciousness in a person following a traumatic brain injury.
COMATOSE: a state of deep unconsciousness for a prolonged or indefinite period, especially as
a result of severe injury or illness.
SEROLOGY: the scientific study or diagnostic examination of blood serum, especially with
regard to the response of the immune system to pathogens or introduced substances.
TRAUMA: is damage to the mind that occurs as a result of a distressing event.
SUBDURAL HEMATOMA: a collection of blood outside the brain and usually caused by severe
head injuries.
HEPATITIS SEROLOGIES: results will usually give an indication of previous infection, as well
as current infection, and give an indication of immunity to future exposure.
AUTOIMMUNE PANEL: a group of tests that is done to check for autoimmune liver disease.
MENINGITIS: an inflammation of the membranes surrounding your brain and spinal cord.
MRI/ MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: a type of scan that uses strong magnetic fields
and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.
METABOLIC: a set of chemical reactions that occur in the cells of living organisms to sustain
life.
PSEUDOMEMBRANES: a layer of exudate resembling a membrane, formed on the surface of
the skin or of a mucous membrane, especially the conjunctiva.
VARICES: are veins that are enlarged or swollen.
VENTILATOR: is a machine that breathes for you or helps you breathe. It is also called a
breathing machine or respirator.
NON-NUCLEOSIDE ALLOSTERIC INHIBITOR: are antiretroviral drugs used in the
treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
GENETICS: the study of heredity. Heredity is a biological process where a parent passes certain
genes onto their children or offspring.
ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE DEFICIENCY: the most common urea cycle
disorder in humans. It is an inherited disorder which causes toxic levels of ammonia to build up in
the blood.
LYMPHOCTIC INFILTRATE: an uncommon disorder that is characterized by benign
accumulations of lymph cells in the skin.
EMPHYSEMA: a lung condition that causes shortness of breath and the air sacs in the lungs
(alveoli) are damaged.
CHAI HU LOZENGES: is an important herb for treating irritability due to Liver Qi stagnation.
INTERFERON: are a group of signalling proteins made and released by host cells in response to
the presence of several viruses.
HEP-C/ HEPATITIS C: is a viral infection that causes liver inflammation, sometimes leading to
serious liver damage.
BODILY FLUIDS: are liquids that come from inside human bodies and help transport nutrients
and expel waste from human cells.
Episode 16
HEART ATTACK: death of a segment of heart muscle caused by a loss of blood supply.
DRUG OVERDOSE: ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities greater
than are recommended.
HYPERINSULINEMIC EUGLYEMIC CLAMP: used in clinics and laboratories to measure
insulin action on glucose utilization in humans and animals.
DIABETIS: occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high.
PRENATAL: when you get check-ups from a doctor, nurse, or midwife throughout your
pregnancy.
STETHOSCOPE: acoustic medical device for auscultation, or listening to the internal sounds of
an animal or human body.
METABOLIC SYNDROME X: occur together, increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke and
type 2 diabetes and cause a stroke,
INSULIN RESISTANCE: when cells in your muscles, fat, and liver don't respond well
to insulin and can't use glucose from your blood for energy.
VASECTOMY: minor surgery to block sperm from reaching the semen that is ejaculated from
the penis.
ANTACIDS: medications that help neutralize stomach acid.
OBESITY: a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to an extent that it may
have a negative effect on health.
FAT EMBOLUS: piece of intravascular fat that lodges within a blood vessel and causes a
blockage of blood flow.
LIPOSUCTION: cosmetic procedure that removes fat that you can't seem to get rid of through
diet and exercise.
ULTRASOUND: imaging uses sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body.
BIOPSY: examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or
extent of a disease.
HEARTBURN: painful burning feeling in your chest or throat.
HYPOGLYCEMIA: condition caused by very low level of blood sugar.
BLOOD CLOTS: form when certain parts of your blood thicken, forming a semisolid mass.
TUMOR: a mass of tissue that's formed by an accumulation of abnormal cells.
the formation of blood clots.
NECROSIS: death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure
of the blood supply.
HYPERCALCEMIA: condition in which the calcium level in your blood is above normal.
HYPERCORTISOLISM: rare endocrine disorder caused by chronic exposure of body's tissues.
MASTECTOMY: removal of the whole breast.
PITUITARY: located between the caverns of the sinuses, basically right between the eyes.
INCISION: surgical cut made in skin or flesh.
AMPUTATION: removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.
WARFARIN-INDUCED NECROSIS: skin and subcutaneous tissue necrosis occurs due to
acquired protein C deficiency.
ULCERS: open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach.
HYPOTHYROIDISM: thyroid gland can't make enough thyroid hormone to keep the body
running normally.
Episode 17
IMMUNOGLOBULIN DEFICIENCY: is a genetic immunodeficiency, a type of

hypogammaglobulinemia.
IDEOPATHIC T-CELL DEFICIENCY: a rare and heterogeneous clinical syndrome that is
defined by persistent CD4+ T cell lymphopenia in the absence of infection with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 or any other cause of immunodeficiency.
GHB/GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE: a nasty reputation as a new drug used by partying
young people.
NECROSIS: refers to the debris left behind when cells die
PHARMACEUTICALS: industry discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs
or pharmaceutical drugs for use as medications to be administered.
MRI/MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: type of scan that uses strong magnetic fields
and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.
AIDS: a set of symptoms and illnesses that happen at the final stage of HIV infection.
TOXO: usually responds to treatment, but it only causes a lesion in your brain if your immune
system is extremely weak to begin with.
ANTACID: medications that help neutralize stomach acid.
SOMNAMBULISM: sleepwalking.
SEXSOMNIA: also known as sleep sex, is a distinct form of parasomnia, or an abnormal activity
that occurs while an individual is asleep.
ANTIRETROVIRALS: medications that treat HIV.
HETEROSEXUAL SEX: is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behaviour between
persons of the opposite sex.
BRAIN BIOPSY: can cause permanent neurological damage.
TOXOPLASMOSIS: is a disease that results from infection with the Toxoplasma gondii parasite,
one of the world's most common parasites.
Episode 18
PREECLAMPSIA: is a condition that occurs only during pregnancy. Some symptoms may
include high blood pressure and protein in the urine, occurring after week 20 of pregnancy.
OXYBUTYNIN: is used to treat symptoms of overactive bladder, such as frequent or urgent
urination, incontinence (urine leakage), and increased night-time urination.
AUTOIMMUNITY: is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy
cells and tissues.
IMMUNOLOGIST: is a physician specially trained to diagnose, treat and manage allergies,
asthma and immunologic disorders including primary immunodeficiency disorders.
GIMME: altered mental status and complete loss of coordination.
TOX SCREEN: is a test that determines the approximate amount and type of legal or illegal drugs
that you've taken.
ULTRASOUND: scan uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of the
body.
SMALL-CELL: is the most aggressive kind of lung cancer.
GREGORY HOUSE: is a symbol of everything wrong with the healthcare industry.
ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS: prevent the tumors from creating blood vessels.
OXYBUTYNIN: sold as under the brand names Ditropan among others, is a medication used to
treat overactive bladder.
FLASH PULMONARY EDEMA: it is most often precipitated by acute myocardial infarction or
mitral regurgitation, but can be caused by aortic regurgitation, heart failure, or almost any cause
of elevated left ventricular filling pressures.
DIGEORGE SYNDROME: is a syndrome caused by the deletion of a small segment of
chromosome 22.
ENDOSCOPY: a nonsurgical procedure used to examine a person's digestive tract.
PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES: rare disorders that are triggered by an altered immune
system response to a neoplasm.
LAMBERT-EATON SYNDROME: is a condition in which the immune system attacks the
neuromuscular junctions the areas where your nerves and muscles connect.
PULMONARY EMBOLUS: is the sudden blockage of a major blood vessel in the lung, usually
by a blood clot.
EMBOLISM: is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood
vessel.
PULMONARY EMBOLISM: is the sudden blockage of a major blood vessel in the lung, usually
by a blood clot.
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS: is a severe lung condition. It occurs when fluid fills up the air sacs
in your lungs.
Episode 19
HEADACHE: is pain in any region of the head, may occur on one or both sides of the head, be
isolated to a certain location, radiate across the head from one point, or have a vicelike quality.
HAEMORRHOID: are swollen veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum. When the walls
of these vessels are stretched, they become irritated.
DEHYDRATED: is a condition that can occur when the loss of body fluids, mostly water, exceeds
the amount that is taken in.
NEUROSURGEON: is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of
disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system including congenital anomalies, trauma,
tumors, vascular disorders, infections of the brain or spine, stroke, or degenerative diseases of the
spine.
ADRENAL FAILURE: is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate
amounts of steroid hormones, primarily cortisol.
CT SCAN: combines a series of X-ray images taken from different angles around your body and
uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the bones, blood vessels and soft
tissues inside your body.
DIEULAFOY: is a medical condition characterized by a large tortuous arteriole most commonly
in the stomach wall that erodes and bleeds.
INTESTINAL INTUSSUSCEPTION: is a condition in which one segment
of intestine "telescopes" inside of another, causing an intestinal obstruction.
BONE MARROW ASPIRATION: a procedure that involves taking a sample of the liquid part
of the soft tissue.
SEIZURES: they happen because of sudden, abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
MENINGITIS: an inflammation of the membranes surrounding your brain and spinal cord.
RIFAMPIN: an antibiotic that fights bacteria and prevents it from spreading in your body.
RAT POISON: are typically non-specific pest control chemicals made and sold for the purpose
of killing rodents.
Episode 20
VASCULAR SURGERY: a surgical subspecialty in which diseases of the vascular system, or

arteries, veins and lymphatic circulation.
CAROTIDS: are arteries that supply the head and neck with oxygenated blood; they divide in the
neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries.
MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE: a condition in which the two valve flaps of the mitral valve do
not close smoothly or evenly, but instead bulge upward into the left atrium.
ANEURYSM: a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall, usually
where it branches.
DOMINATRIX: a dominating woman, especially one who takes the sadistic role in
sadomasochistic sexual activities.
ANGIOGRAM: a diagnostic test that uses x-rays to take pictures of your blood vessels.
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY: is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique for evaluating and
recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles.
PULMONOLOGIST: is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary
(lung) conditions and diseases of the chest, particularly pneumonia.
ACUPUNCTURIST: are trained in a form of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
called acupuncture.
ANEURYSM: is a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall, usually
where it branches.
BLOWN PUPILS: a symptom of an injury to the brain from physical trauma or a stroke.
ISCHEMIA: Death of brain tissue.
VAGINAL TEARING: is a wound in the tissues of the vagina.
Episode 21
PARATHYROID ADENOMA: a benign tumor on one of your parathyroid glands.
KIDNEY PROBLEMS: when your kidneys are damaged, waste products and fluid can build up
in your body.
NECROTIC TISSUE: is dead or devitalized tissue. This tissue cannot be salvaged and must be
removed to allow wound healing to take place.
DIAGNOSTICS: concerned with the diagnosis of illness or other problems, characteristic of a
particular species, genus, or phenomenon.
AMPUTATION: is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.
CYTOKINES: any of a number of substances, such as interferon, interleukin, and growth factors,
which are secreted by certain cells of the immune system and have an effect on other cells.
CARDIAC ARREST: is the abrupt loss of heart function in a person who may or may not have
been diagnosed with heart disease.
CALCIUM GLUCONATE: it is used by injection into a vein to treat low blood calcium, high
blood potassium, and magnesium toxicity.
VIT. D INTOXIFICATION: occurs when blood levels rise above 150 ng/ml (375 nmol/l).
Because the vitamin is stored in body fat.
ADENOMA: is a benign tumor of glandular tissue, such as the mucosa of stomach, small intestine,
and colon, in which tumor cells form glands or gland like structures.
TECHNETIUM SESTAMBI: is a pharmaceutical agent used in nuclear medicine imaging.
TRAUMA: is often the result of an overwhelming amount of stress that exceeds one's ability to
cope, or integrate the emotions involved with that experience.
KIDNEY STONE: are solid masses made of crystals.
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER: are injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal
system, including the joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, and structures that support
limbs, neck and back.
ANTIVENIN: an antiserum containing antibodies against specific poisons, especially those in the
venom of snakes, spiders, and scorpions.
TENDONITIS: when a tendon swells up and becomes painful after a tendon injury.
URINE TESTING: detect substances or cells in the urine that point to different disorders.
Episode 22
FRONTAL LOBE: is the part of the brain that controls important cognitive skills in humans, such
as emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behaviours.
ENCEPHALITIS: is inflammation of the brain. There are several causes, but the most common
is viral infection.
INFANTILE REGRESSION: is a marvellous unconscious defense mechanism that is triggered
when a person is exposed to terror by someone who is suffering from a narcissistic personality
disorder.
VIRAL SEROLOGIES: monitors the immune system's antibody response to viral antigen
exposure, including both infection and immunization.
ALZHEIMER'S: a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away (degenerate) and
die.
PARESTHESIAS: an abnormal sensation, typically tingling or pricking (“pins and needles”),
caused chiefly by pressure on or damage to peripheral nerves.
ACUTE INTERMITTENT PORPHYRIA: is a rare autosomal dominant metabolic disorder
affecting the production of heme resulting from a deficiency of the porphobilinogen deaminase.
AMPHETAMINES: are stimulant drugs, which means they speed up the messages travelling
between the brain and the body.
LIMBIC SYSTEM'S: is composed of structures in the brain that deal with emotions (such as
anger, happiness and fear) as well as memories.
CHLOROHYDRATE: is a simple form of a group of FDA-recognized aluminum-based salts that
can be used to reduce underarm wetness in underarm antiperspirant products.
ULTRASOUND: are used to evaluate fetal development, and they can detect problems in the
liver, heart, kidney, or abdomen.
PERISTALSIS: is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different
processing stations in the digestive tract.
IMMUNOLOGICAL: disorders are diseases or conditions caused by a dysfunction of the
immune system.

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HOUSE MD

RASH: area of irritated or swollen skin.

DIPHENHYDRAMINE: an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and

NAUSEOUS: affected with nausea; inclined to vomit.

MULTIPLE TREATMENTS: like multivalued treatments, generalize the binary treatment

DRUG OVERDOSE: is the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or

IMMUNOGLOBULIN DEFICIENCY: is a genetic immunodeficiency, a type of

VASCULAR SURGERY: a surgical subspecialty in which diseases of the vascular system, or

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