THEORY OF CRIME ADVOCATORS CONCEPTS

It states that, evil spirits cause

 Demonology wrongful behavior that some
Theory people perform wicked act
because they were possessed
by evil spirits.

Every man is essentially a

 Classical Theory moral creature with absolute
free will to choose between
Good and Evil, it is also stated
that every man is responsible
for his act.

The absence of norms in a

 Anomie Theory Emile Durkheim society provides a setting
conductive to crimes and other
anti social acts.

Sigmund Freud People are strongly influenced

 Psychoanalytical by unconscious forces,
Theory including innate sexual and
aggressive drives.

This theory maintained that

 Human Ecology Ezra Park crime is a result of social
Theory change that occurs along with
environmental change, also the
isolation, segregation,
competition, conflict, social
contract, interaction and social
hierarchy of people are major
influences of criminal behavior
and crimes.

Society is composed of
 Differential Edwin Sutherland different groups of people and
Association Theory organization having
Criminalistic tradition and anti-
criminalistic tradition.

He contended that criminals

 Earnest Hooton’s Earnest Hooton are originally inferior, and that
Theory crime is the result of the
impact environment.

It is the classifying of people

 Somatotype Theory William H. Sheldon into types according to body
build. And its relates to
distinctive body types to
personality characteristics and
relates criminal behavior to the
body types.
 It is a form of control which
 Containment Walter Reckless suggests that a series of both
Theory internal and external factors
contribute to criminal behavior.

The theory assumed that for

every individual, there exist a
containing external structure
and a protective internal
structure, both of which
provide defense protection or
insulation against crime
delinquency.

It focuses on the competition

 Class Conflict and Karl Marx, Frederick between groups with in society
Capitalism Theory Engel and Willem over limited resources. It also
Bonger views on social and economic
institutions as tools of
struggles between groups or
classes, used to maintain
inequality and the dominance
of the ruling class. is organized
around the concept of capital
(the ownership and control of
the means of production by
those who employ workers to
produce goods and services).
In practical terms, this creates
an economy built on the
competition between private
businesses that seek to make a
profit and grow.

The failure of man to achieve a

 Strain Theory Robert King Merton higher status of life caused
them to commit crimes in order
for that status/goal to be
attained.

It views the criminal activity as

 Sub-Culture Theory Albert Cohen normal and resulting from
learned behaviour, and focus
on the content of that behavior
as opposed to the processes by
which they become ingrained
in subjects.
 An individual will obey or
 Neutralization Gresham Sykes disobey societal rules
Theory depending upon his or her
ability to rationalize whether
he is protected from hurt or
destruction. And it also
portrays the delinquent as an
individual who subscribes
generally to the morals of
society but who is able to
justify his own delinquent
behaviour through a process of
“neutralization,”

Society leads the lower class to

 Differential Lloyd Ohlin want things, society does
Opportunity Theory things to people. And it simply
put holds that a poor kid
growing up in the slums might
take to crime because of the
lack of opportunity in his
environment but if the
environment is reversed and
he is put in an opportunity rich
environment he will move
away from a life of crime.

States that people come to

 Labeling Theory Frank Tennenbaum, identify and behave in ways
Edwin Lemert, Howard that reflect how others label
Becker them. It is most commonly
associated with the sociology
of crime and
deviance: labeling and treating
someone as criminally deviant
can foster deviant behavior.

A theoretical perspective that

 Instrumentalist Earl Richard Quinney views criminal law and
Theory the criminal justice system as
capitalist instruments for
controlling the lower class. And
the efforts to
prevent crime through
community organization and
youth involvement.

It’s have been used to explain

 Evolution Theory Charles Darwin a wide range of behaviors
deemed antisocial by today's
standards. A review of
these theories and
perspectives suggests that
criminal behaviors evolved as a
way for our ancestors to
overcome obstacles related to
survival and/or reproduction.