Stucco Cladding Options

AIA Presentation
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An American Institute of Architects
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 Course Description
• Stucco cladding systems are changing rapidly not
only with the types of materials used but with
incorporating the recent ICC building code and
energy code changes of the International Energy
Conservation Code (IECC) and ASHRAE Standard
90.1 that require continuous insulation and an
integrated air barrier into the assemblies.

• The requirements of the IECC and ASHRAE are

complex and this presentation will state the
requirements of each along with good, practical
recommendations that would satisfy either
requirement when used with metal and wood-
framed walls.
 Learning Objectives
• Explore the new energy code air barrier and
continuous insulation (ci) requirements.
• Contrast those requirements with newer building
code requirements.
• Review available options in Division 7 and 9 exterior
stucco cladding systems and how they can
integrate ci into their assemblies.
• Outline the critical detailing regarding continuous
insulation as it relates to a watertight building.
• Understand the interrelationship between
continuous insulation (ci) and improved energy
efficiency, reduced energy consumption and overall
improved building envelope performance.
 Goals and Objectives
• New Building Code
Requirements–IBC, IECC /
ASHRAE Standard 90.1
• Improving Building
Envelope Performance
with Continuous Insulation
• Coordinating assemblies in
to a cohesive building
envelope design
Let’s Start with Building Codes
 International Building Code
(IBC) 2012
Chapter 14 - Exterior Envelope
• Section 1403.2 – Weather protection
• Section 1404.2 – Water-resistive Barrier
• Section 1403.5 – Fire testing of combustible
water-resistive barriers
• Section 1405.3 – Vapor retarders
• Section 1405.4 – Wall penetration flashing

Chapter 26 / Section 2603 – Plastic / Foam

Plastic Insulation
• Section 2603.3 – Surface-burning
characteristics
• Section 2603.4 – Interior thermal barrier
• Section 2603.5.5 – Fire testing of walls with
foam plastic insulation
 IBC Section 1403.2 Weather
Protection
• Weather-resistant exterior
wall envelope
• Include flashing – 1405.4
• Designed to prevent
accumulation of water
behind the veneer
• Provide water-resistive
barrier behind the veneer –
1404.2
• Provide a means of drainage
• Protect against
condensation – 1405.3
 IBC 2012 Section 1403.5 Fire
Testing WRB
• Air/WRB required in IECC
2012 (Zone 4+) and
ASHRAE 90.1 2010 (All
Zones)
• Exterior walls in Type I,
II, III, IV constructions
• Walls greater than 40’ in
height
• Shall be tested to
comply with NFPA 285
• This will limit products
now available in the
market
NFPA 285
Elapsed Time 30 min.

nfpa285 short.mpg
 International Building Code
(IBC) 2012
Chapter 26 / Section 2603 – Plastic / Foam
Plastic Insulation
• Section 2603.3 – Surface-burning
characteristics
• Section 2603.4 – Interior thermal barrier
• Section 2603.5.5 – Fire testing of walls with
foam plastic insulation
The “specific” exterior wall assembly shall be tested in
accordance with and comply with the acceptance criteria of
NFPA 285
 IBC Section 2603.5.5
• Specific Assembly Test
• Commercial buildings
Type I, II, III or IV classifications
• All exterior foam plastic insulations – EPS,
XPS, polyisocyanurate, spray urethane
• Exception: One-story buildings
• Applies any time you integrate Continuous
Insulation (CI)
 2603.5.7 Ignition
Exterior walls shall not exhibit sustained flaming where tested
in accordance with NFPA 268. Where a material is intended to
be installed in more than one thickness, tests of the minimum
and maximum thickness intended for use shall be performed.

Exception: Assemblies protected on the outside with one of the

following:
1. A thermal barrier complying with Section 2603.4.
2. A minimum 1 inch (25 mm) thickness of concrete or masonry.
3. Glass-fiber-reinforced concrete panels of a minimum
thickness of 3/8 inch (9.5 mm).
4. Metal-faced panels having minimum 0.019-inch-thick (0.48
mm) aluminum or 0.016-inch-thick (0.41 mm) corrosion-
resistant steel outer facings.
5. A minimum 7/8-inch (22.2 mm) thickness of stucco complying
with Section 2510.
 …and the codes will be
changing again
For water-resistive barriers, the 2015 IBC will include some changes that will
help relax the requirement for NFPA 285 testing for combustible barriers.
Based on a public comment during the IBC final action hearings in 2012,
Section 1403.5 will add the following three exceptions:

• Exception 1: "Walls in which the water-resistive barrier is the only

combustible component and the exterior wall has a wall covering of brick,
concrete, stone, terra cotta, stucco, or steel with thicknesses in accordance
with Table 1405.2.“

• Exception 2: "Walls in which the water-resistive barrier is the only

combustible component and the water-resistive barrier has a Peak Heat
Release Rate of less than 150 kW/m2, a Total Heat Release of less than 20
MJ/m2 and an Effective Heat of Combustion of less than 18 MJ/kg as
determined in accordance with ASTM E 1354 and has a flame spread index of
25 or less and a smoke-developed index of 450 or less as determined in
accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723. The ASTM E 1354 test shall be
conducted on specimens at the thickness intended for use, in the horizontal
orientation and at an incident radiant heat flux of 50 kW/m2.“

• Exception 3: "Windows and doors and flashing for windows and doors shall
not be considered to be part of a water resistive barrier for purposes of this
section."
 And now the energy code requirements
• International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) 2012
– Comply with either IECC or ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2010
• IECC Chapter 4 (CE) – Commercial energy code
• ASHRAE Standard 90.1 – Chapter 5 building envelope
– Sets Cavity and Continuous Insulation (CI) minimums
• Dependent on Building Use Group Designation & Climate Zone
– Sets Air Leakage / Continuous Air Barrier requirements
• Could include Building Air Leakage Testing
– Section C402.3 Fenestration – IECC 2012
• C402.2.1 – maximum area of 30% - not including doors and
spandrel
• C402.3.1.1 – 40% in climate zone 1-6 with exceptions
• Continuous Insulation (CI)
• Minimum cavity and continuous insulation (ci) requirements
– Options for prescriptive R-value or performance U-factor wall
design
Status of Code Adoption: Commercial
Overview of the currently adopted commercial energy code in each state
 ASHRAE 90.1 / IECC Climate
Map

Note: Consistent climate zones used for ASHRAE Standards 90.1, 90.2
and IECC
 Continuous Insulation (CI)
• Minimum cavity and continuous
insulation (ci) requirements
(Prescriptive)
• Calculate U-factor wall design
(Performance)
• ComCheck and ResCheck are
commonly accepted measurement
methods
• www.energycodes.gov
 Prescriptive
u r
• Prescriptive requirements are like a recipe y o 4
joy ne
• Higher R-values insulate better
• Fairly easy to use
En Z o l
w
• Includes values for cavity and exterior insulation ne Wal bly
s e m
• Not as flexible as performance requirements
As
 Performance O A L!
• Performance values define an overall goal G 3
• Lower U-values insulate better (inverse of R) N E
• Requires calculating values ZO STOM LY
• Can be flexible regarding assemblies CU EMB
• Requires calculations S S
A
What does Performance look like?

No wall insulation, 3”
EPS Continuous
Insulation
In WVT Analysis

No wall
insulation, 3” EPS
Continuous
Insulation
 The Steel Penalty
• While a man of steel is strong
he is, unfortunately, highly
conductive
• The energy codes
compensate for this
significantly
• An R-11 insulated steel
framed wall has an effective
R-value of R-5.5
• This is adjusted in the
Prescriptive requirements and
calculated for in the
Performance values
 Continuous Air Barriers
• Interior, exterior of the building
envelope
– IECC - not required in climate zones 1, 2
or 3
– ASHRAE 90.1 – all climate zones
• Includes sealing of joints, seams and
material transitions
– Sheathing with sealed joints is approved
as an air barrier ‘material’
– Transition detailing is the key
• Designed to withstand effects of
pressure
• Integrate with WRB
 What Does the Air Barrier need
to do?
Not all inclusively:
• Be Continuous with joints and seams sealed
• Air permeability no greater than 0.004
cfm/ft2 in accordance with ASTM E2178
• Assemblies with air leakage no greater than
0.04 cfm/ft2 in accordance with ASTM E2357
• Meet equivalent acceptable assembly
requirements
• Tested in accordance with ICC-ES AC212
(Building Code Requirement for air/water
barriers)
 Some Rules of Thumb
• ASHRAE 90.1 is generally used for
commercial construction, IECC for
residential to low-rise light commercial
• IECC does NOT require air barriers in zones
1-3 and does require continuous insulation
in all zones
• ASHRAE 90.1 requires air barriers and
continuous insulation in zones 3-8*
• There’s a penalty in effective R-Value for
steel framing
 Practical recommendations
• Best to stop air infiltration on
the outside of the building
(even though IECC allows
inside or outside)
• It’s more efficient to block
air and water at the same
time
• Plan on some insulation in
your assemblies
• Plan on costs increasing
• Commercial Use Group R has
additional insulation
requirements in most cases
 How do I get there?
• I want the stucco
look
• I need the air
barriers
• I need continuous
insulation
 Many paths to get there
• Air/Water
Barriers
• Insulation
Types
• Stucco-look
Claddings with
insulation
packages
• EIFS
 Air & Water Barrier Types
Exterior
• Sheet Water Barriers
– Tapes, Peel & Stick
– Most vapor permeable
• Peel & Stick Water
Barriers
– Vapor permeable??
• Sheathing/Taped
• Liquid-applied Air/Water
Barriers
– Permeable or not?
– 100% coverage
 Air & Water Barrier Types
Good and Bad
• Sheet Water Barriers
– Lower cost, easily added
– Difficult attachment methods, rattles in the wind, adhesion
difficulties with tapes & Peel & Sticks
• Peel & Stick Water Barriers
– Large sheets, excellent sealing at penetrations
– Expensive, adhesion difficulties, may not be vapor permeable
• Sheathing/Taped
– Structural sheathing and water barrier in one package
– Adhesion difficulties, care needed to flash properly
• Liquid-applied Air/Water Barriers
– Easily applied by roller, trowel or spray equipment, 100%
coverage, same material can be flashed into penetrations or
openings
– EIFS can be adhered to EIFS manufacturers Air/Water Barrier
– A degree of coordination needed with other trades, exposure
limitations
 Vapor Permeable…or not?
• Permeable is breathable. In most cases this
is good.
• Most insulation is low to no perm. A
drainage plane between a no perm
insulation and no perm air/water barrier
probably won’t be able to dry out.
• If using a no-perm air/water barrier perform
a water vapor transmission analysis to
assure that condensation won’t occur.
 What isn’t considered an Air
Barrier?
• Perforated house wraps
• Concrete block
• Expanded polystyrene (bead board, EIFS board)
• Fiberglass insulations
• Asphalt (tar) felt
• Wood fiberboard
• Cellulose spray-on insulation
• Vermiculite insulation
• Dampproofing, traditional materials (ASTM D 1227)
which crack with age and are inelastic in the wall
assembly
 So many choices…What works
best?
Stucco Cladding Options
 Stucco
One Coat & Traditional
 One Coat Stucco (OCS)
• Like traditional stucco, but
with fibers Framing & Sheathing

• Installed thinner than

regular stucco, ½” is typical Metal Lath – mechanically Water Barriers
attached to framing
• Typically 2-water barriers
are required over sheathing
– May be applied directly to
masonry or concrete
One Coat Stucco
• May not be available in all
areas (needs a code report) Primer (optional)
• Control joints and casing
beads are required – located
by A/E
• Generally limited to
relatively flat walls – some
decorative foam trim can be
added Finish Coat
• Acrylic finishes commonly
used as a finish coat
 Traditional Stucco
Framing & Sheathing
• Traditional stucco mixed a
variety of ways in accordance
with ASTM C926 Water Barrier
• Applied full thickness, 7/8” over
sheathing and ½” over masonry
• Like traditional stucco, but with
fibers
)
al
• Typically 2-water barriers are t io
n
required over sheathing p
(o
er o at
– May be applied directly to i m
Pr is hC
masonry or concrete Fin
• Control joints and casing beads
Stucco
are required – located by A/E
• Generally limited to relatively
flat walls – some decorative
foam trim can be added
• Acrylic finishes commonly used Metal Lath – mechanically
as a finish coat attached to framing
 Stucco – Sustainable Benefits
• Efficient use of Portland
cement, sand is plentiful
• Any extra sand could
remain on site
• May be used for previously
developed sites, renovation
and reuse (SS)
• Works with a secondary
moisture strategy
• Adaptable for reuse (MR)
• Minimal waste, bags and
pails could be recycled
• Finishes are low VOC
 Stucco Design Basics
• A secondary water barrier is required
for sheathing applications, usually 2
• System breaks at penetrations
• Plastic, galvanized or zinc trims are
used, sized for the stucco thickness
(ground)
• Control joints are used to help reduce
cracking
– 144 s.f. maximum wall area
– Length to width ratio no more than 2.5:1
– Possibly off corners of windows/doors
– At dissimilar substrates
• Avoid layouts that form unusual shapes
(L, U, T)
 How do I get CI?
• CI can be added under the
stucco
• EPS, XPS or
Polyisocyanurate insulation
could be used
• Some insulations are
approved as water barriers
(see code reports)
• Thickness may need to be
limited due to weight
restrictions, 2” maximum
recommended
 CI Basics
• Interlock inside and
outside corners
• Tack in place at stud
locations
• Most CI used as a
water barrier
CI not
requires taping CI approved approved as
water barrier
joints as water
barrier
 CI Protection
• Foam Plastic
must be
encapsulated
• EIFS Plastic
Accessories can
be used
• Use custom
formed metal for
noncombustible
construction
 Specialty Trim Pieces
• Some specialty
trim pieces are
now available for
encapsulating CI
• Confirm with
manufacturers if
using One Coat or
branded stuccos
 DEFS
Direct-Applied Exterior Finish
Systems
 DEFS Soffit
• Durable, good Framing
looking and DEFS Substrate
economical
Base Coat &
• Nice upgrade from Reinforcing
vinyl, aluminum or Mesh
painted exterior
gypsum board Finish Coat
• Common
applications include
schools, office and
commercial uses
• CI not an option but
EIFS could be used
 Stucco Cement Board Coatings
• Durable, good looking Framing & Sheathing
alternative to stucco Water Barrier

• Foam trims can be Cement Board Reinforcing

Mesh/Base
added to improve Substrate
Coat at joints

aesthetics
Reinforcing Mesh &
• Cement boards may be Base Coat

placed in areas too

small for traditional
Finish Coat
stucco
• Common applications
include schools, office
and commercial uses
 DEFS Design Basics
• A secondary water barrier is required for
Cement Board DEFS in vertical
applications
• System breaks at penetrations
– Typically a small sealant joint is used
• Plastic trims can be commonly used
• Control joints are used to minimize
possible cracking
– 160 s.f. maximum wall area
– Placed no more than 20 lineal feet in any
direction
– Length to width ratio no more than 2.5:1
– Off corners of windows/doors and at
dissimilar substrates System breaks at
penetrations
• Sealant bridges between the DEFS and
wall penetration
 How do I get CI?
• Insulation can be
placed directly
behind the cement
board
• 1” maximum
thickness
recommended
 Insulated Concrete Forms
Insulated Concrete Form
• Base coat, mesh and
finish over the ICF
forms Reinforcing Mesh &
Base Coat
• Great if ties are buried
within the insulation,
otherwise another
layer of insulation
board is required
• Economical compared
to other ICF finishing
options
Finish Coat
• CI is already
incorporated into the
forms
 Uninsulated Finishes
• Base coat and finish over an
approved substrate Unpainted
Masonry/Concrete
– Unpainted brick/block
– Unpainted concrete Leveling
Base Coat
• Mesh is optional if needed for Optional Reinforcing
Mesh
some additional crack resistance
or to help leveling
• High-build base coats are
recommended to help minimize
wall variations
Finish Coat
• Great for improving the looks of a
masonry/concrete building or
matching a renovation
• No significant CI possibilities
 DEFS – Sustainable Benefits
• Efficient use of materials
• May be used for
previously developed
sites, renovation and
reuse (SS)
• Adaptable for reuse (MR)
• Minimal waste, pails
could be recycled
• Finishes are low VOC
 EIFS
Exterior Insulation and Finish
Systems
 EIFS Sustainable Benefits
• Low Initial Costs
• Works well for
previously developed
sites (SS)
• High Insulation Value
(EA)
• Adaptable for reuse
(MR)
• Minimal waste, pails
and extra insulation can
be recycled
• Finishes are low VOC
• Continuous Insulation
 How do I get CI?
• The original
continuous insulation
• Fully integrates with
approved Air and
water barriers
• R-values of about 4
per inch
• Lightweight
• Easy application
• Many different finish
styles
 Class PB EIFS
Framing & Sheathing
• Barrier Wall System
• Commercial use only
Adhesive or mechanical
• Commonly used in strip attachment

malls, office buildings

and schools
• Adhesively or Reinforcing Mesh
& Base Coat
mechanically attached to Insulation
Board
a substrate
Finish Coat
• Best for use where
aesthetics, style and
costs are a factor
• CI, but not considered an
air barrier
 Class PB Detailing
• Reinforced
base coat is the
water barrier
Base Coat runs
• “Continuous continuously if
possible
Basecoat” or
Backwrapped
Detailing
 Class PB Drainage System Framing & Sheathing
• Class PB EIFS flexibility, drainage
capability
• Always applied over a water
barrier
• For residential and commercial
use
• Flat or wavy insulation board are
often used
• Most common installation uses Insulation Reinforcing
flat insulation board over a Board Mesh & Base
spacer-type water barrier Coat
• Suitable for most construction Mechanical
types especially strip malls, Attachment
hotels and light commercial Finish Coat

• CI, but small holes are made

when the fasteners pierce the
water barrier
• Air Barrier with recognized
components
 Class PB Drainage Detailing
• Plastic
Drainage tracks
are commonly
used
• Backwrap and
flashing is
another option
• Drainage media
or wrinkled
wraps can also
be used
 Class PB Drainage System
Roll-Applied Water Barrier, Channeled Adhesive Design
Framing & Sheathing

• Drainage EIFS adhered to a

roll-applied water barrier
• Water barriers are often rolled Adhesive
Attachment
into openings – 100% water
protection
• Typically the adhesive grooves
Reinforcing
provide the drainage channel Mesh & Base
• Benefits of an adhesively- Roll-Applied Coat
applied EIFS but with drainage Water
Barrier
capability Insulation Finish Coat
• Suitable for commercial Board

construction
• Water Barriers are usually air
barriers as well
 Class PB Drainage System
Trowel-Applied Water Barrier, Channeled Adhesive Design
Framing & Sheathing

• Drainage EIFS adhered

to a trowel-applied Adhesive
water barrier Attachment

• Thicker water barrier

compared to roll- Reinforcing
Mesh & Base
applied products Trowel- Coat

• More costly – suitable Applied

Water Finish Coat
for long-term use Barrier
Insulation
buildings such as Board

government facilities
• Water Barriers are
usually air barriers
 Class PB Drainage Detailing
• Plastic Continuous
Air/Water
Class PB
Drainage
EIFS
drainage tracks Barrier
Fluid-

can be used but applied

flashing
transition

are less or peel and

stick

common
Wall
• Typically Claddings
drain
separately
backwrapped Additional
water
barrier
behind
synthetic
stone
Class PB Drainage Detailing
Continuous • Drainage strips
Air/Water Barrier Class PB
Drainage are another
EIFS
option
Drainage
Strip
• Systems
designed to
drain incidental
EIFS Soffit
water, not
gallons of water
 Class PI Drainage System
Framing & Sheathing
• Class PI with
Polyisocyanurate
Insulation
• Always applied over a
water barrier- sometimes
with spacers
• Larger insulation sheets Reinforcing
with fiberglass facing are Insulation
Board
Mesh & Base
Coat
sometimes easier to
apply
Mechanical Finish Coat
• Control joints often Attachment
required to ease thermal
movement
• Suitable for residential
and occasional light
commercial
 EIFS Design Basics
• A secondary water barrier is required for
residential construction, optional for light
commercial (depends on codes)
• Air Barriers required depending upon
location and energy code
• Design drainage systems to drain from
the water barrier location
• System breaks at penetrations
– ½” to ¾” wide sealant joints are the norm,
fillet-type sealant joints are allowed in
residential construction
• Sealant bridges between the EIFS and
wall penetrations
• Plastic trims or backwrapping may be
used where the system ends
• Insulation thickness varies from ¾” to 1”
minimum to a maximum 4” as allowed by
code (5/8” to 2” for Class PI Systems)
• Insulation Board keeps inside wall
temperatures more consistent.
Get the Look
 Standard Finishes
• Great
looking
• Consistent
color
• Easily Fine, even Fine/Texturing
applied
• Nearly
unlimited
Bold, even
color
options

Riled Heavy Riled

 Stone Finishes
• Used to
create the
look of marble
or granite
• Manufacturers
offer a variety
of colors and
aggregate
sizes
• Primer
required
 Bold Stone
• Bolder
aggregate,
looks like cut
stone
• A variety of
color and
aggregate
sizes
• Must be
applied over a
primer
 Granite Look
• Real Mica
replicates the
look of
granite
• Sparkles
• Easily applied
• Primer
required
 Recycled Glass
• Unique look
• Recycled
credit
• Applied over
a primer
 Brick
• Replicate the look
of brick or stone
• Lighter than brick
• Use with EIFS to
maintain CI or
with stucco
 Metallic
• Replicate
metal panels
• Creates a
pearlescent
look over
standard
finishes
 Marble
• Recreates light
nuances of
marble with
glistening
effect
• Easily applied
with many
variations
possible
• Interior or
exterior
 Travertine Limestone
• Travertine
marble look
• Replicates
subtle hues of
natural stone
• Easily applied
over
decorative
foam shapes
or EIFS
Antiquing
• Create an old
world or
antique look on
finishes
• Adds variation
and interest
• Most colors
widely
available
Thank You For Your Time

? Questions ?
This concludes the American
Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Program

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