- Extraneous facts, circumstances of means of explanation resorted to for the purpose
of determining the legislative intent. - Drawing conclusions respecting subjects that lie beyond the direct expression of the text. - It can only be resorted when intrinsic aids have been used and exhausted. - It utilizes extrinsic aids, which are as follows: a. Contemporaneous Circumstances – conditions existing at the time the law was enacted; previous state of the law; evils sought to be prevented; customs and languages of the people. b. Policy – the general policy of the law or the settled policy of the state which induced the enactment may enlighten the interpreter of the laws as to be the intention of the legislature enacting the same. c. Legislative History of the State – may be found in the reports of the legislative committees in the transcript of the stenographic notes taken during hearings, investigation and debates. d. Contemporaneous and Practical Construction – those who lived near or at the time when the law was enacted were more acquainted of the conditions why the law was enacted. Their understanding and application of the law, especially if the same has been construed by the judicial tribunals and legal profession, deserve to be considered by the courts. e. Executive Construction – deserves great weight and should be respected if said construction has been formed and observed for a long period of time. The rules to remember are as follows: Congress is deemed to have been aware of the contemporaneous and practical construction made by the officers charged with the administration of and enforcement of the law. The court should respect that contemporaneous construction except if it is clearly erroneous. Executive construction has more weight if it is rendered by the Chief Legal Adviser of the government who can issue opinions to assist various departments of the government charged with the duty to administer the law. The opinion, however, by the Chief Legal Adviser is subservient to the ruling of the judiciary which is in charge of applying and interpreting the laws. f. Legislative Construction – entitled to consideration but cannot control against the court’s prerogative to decide on what is wrong and right interpretation. g. Judicial Construction – it is presumed that statutes were enacted in the light of judicial construction that the prior enactment had received. h. Construction by the Bar and Legal Commentators – the meaning publicly given by the members of the legal profession is a true one and regarded as one that should not be lightly charged.