16EEE1004, Harshada Experiment 1 9/8/19

1-φ FCR fed separately excited DC Motor

Aim: To design and simulate following single phase rectifiers for separately excited DC motor and to obtain
1. Motor characteristics (Motor torque, Speed, Armature current)
2. Converter characteristics (Input current, Output voltage)
3. FFT analysis of armature current, input current and output voltage
For a single phase fully controlled rectifier fed DC motor drive under
1. Continuous conduction mode of operation or CCM
a. α = 60° b. α = 120°
2. Discontinuous conduction mode of operation or DCM
Software Used: MATLAB Simulink
Theory: DC Motor can equivalently modelled as a RLE load with E proportional to its speed. R and L being
the parameters of the motor. In a cycle of source voltage, thyristors T1 and T3 are given gate signals from α
to π, and thyristors T2 and T4 are given gate signals from π+ α to 2π. When armature current does not flow
continuously, the motor is said to operate in discontinuous conduction mode. When current flows
continuously, the conduction is said to be continuous conduction mode. In DCM, there is duty interval
where motor is connected to the source and zero current interval when no current flows through the motor
terminals.
𝑉𝑚
Average voltage for zero firing angle is given as Vavg = (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼)
𝜋

For α>90°, the armature voltage is negative although armature current is positive, suggesting that the
rectifier now takes power from dc terminals and transfers it to ac mains. Thus motor is operating in reverse
regenerative braking. For α<90°, the armature voltage as well as armature current is positive, suggesting
that the rectifier delivers power for the motor to consume it. Thus motor is operating in forward motoring.
The speed torque characteristics for the single phase rectifier controlled SEDC motor is as follows:

Fig 1: Speed torque characteristics of 1φ FCR fed SEDC motor

16EEE1004, Harshada Experiment 1 9/8/19

Simulink Model:

Fig 2: Simulink model of single phase SEDC machine

Waveforms:
CCM for α = 60°
16EEE1004, Harshada Experiment 1 9/8/19
16EEE1004, Harshada Experiment 1 9/8/19

CCM for α = 120°

16EEE1004, Harshada Experiment 1 9/8/19

DCM at Load Torque 5 N-m

16EEE1004, Harshada Experiment 1 9/8/19

FFT Analysis:
1. CCM for α = 60°
Output Current:
16EEE1004, Harshada Experiment 1 9/8/19

Output voltage:

Input current:
16EEE1004, Harshada Experiment 1 9/8/19

2. CCM for α = 120°

Output Current:

Output voltage:
16EEE1004, Harshada Experiment 1 9/8/19

Input Current:

3. DCM
Output Current:
16EEE1004, Harshada Experiment 1 9/8/19

Output voltage:

Input Current:

Observation:
1. As we vary alpha, the output voltage that the DC machine receives will vary. With this property, we
can vary the output voltage to archive the speed control of the DC motor drive.
2. As a FCR’s output is double the frequency of the input source, we have to set the fundamental
frequency as 100Hz on the output side, as we are using a 50Hz source on the input side.
3. As alpha increases, the RMS/Average of the output voltage also decreases. Hence the speed also
reduces.
16EEE1004, Harshada Experiment 1 9/8/19

4. For DCM operation we have to make the armature current go down, as armature current is directly
related to the load torque reducing the torque will get the motor under DCM operation.
5. The electrical torque generated by the motor will be oscillating around the load torque under steady
state of operation, this is because of the applied voltage not being a pure DC signal, but rather being
a rectified AC signal.
6. The FFT analysis of a DC signal will result in the peak of the graph to be centered about 0 Hz.
7. For α above 90° the rectifier acts as an inverter giving negative speed since the motor is operating in
regenerative braking.
Conclusion:
We have successfully modeled and simulated the Single-phase Fully controlled rectifier fed SEDC Motor
Drive and obtained the required graphs for all the cases. We also performed the THD analysis of the currents
and voltages.
Result:
The parameters are as follows for different firing angle and modes of operation:
CCM operation α = CCM operation α = DCM operation
60° 120°
Speed 750 rpm -1400 rpm 2320 rpm
Armature current 15.9 A 16.14 A 7.371 A
THD input current 3.98% 13.79% 32.93%
THD output current 21.76% 17.51% 18.5%
THD output voltage 57.88% 43% 56.49%