KIMIA MODUL PEACE HALUS 2018

CHAPTER 3: OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

BAB 3: PENGOKSIDAAN DAN PENURUNAN

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
SOALAN OBJEKTIF

1. Which statement defines oxidation?

Pernyataan manakah yang mendefinisikan pengoksidaan?
A Gain of electron
Menerima elektron
B Gain of hydrogen
Menerima hidrogen
C Loss of oxygen
Hilang oksigen
D Increases in oxidation number
Penambahan nombor pengoksidaan
2. What is the oxidation number of the chromium element in potassium
dichromate(VI), K2Cr2O7?
Berapakah nombor pengoksidaan bagi unsur kromium dalam kalium
dikromat(VI), K2Cr2O7?

A +2 C +5
B +3 D +6

3. Which metal can prevent rusting when it is in contact with iron?

Logam manakah yang dapat mencegah pengaratan apabila bersentuh dengan
besi?
A Lead
Plumbum
B Silver
Argentum
C Copper
Kuprum
D Magnesium
Magnesium

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4. Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up to study the reactivity of a metal with
oxygen. The colour of the product formed is yellow when hot and white when
cold.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kereaktifan suatu logam
dengan oksigen. Warna hasil yang terbentuk adalah kuning apabila panas dan
putih apabila sejuk.

Diagram 1
Rajah 1
What is the metal?
Apakah logam itu?
A Iron C Zinc
Ferum Zink
B Lead D Copper
Plumbum Kuprum

5. What is the meaning of reduction?

Apakah maksud penurunan?
A Gain of electron C Loss of hydrogen
Menerima elektron Hilang hidrogen

B Gain of oxygen D Increase in oxidation number

menerima oksigen Penambahan nombor
pengoksidaan

6. Metals are extracted from their ores. What is the name of the ores that contain
Fe2O3 as the main mineral?
Logam diekstrakkan daripada bijih. Apakah nama bijih yang mengandungi Fe2O3
sebagai mineral utama?

A Cassiterite C Magnetite
Kasiterit Magnetit
B Hematite D Malachite
Hematit Malakit

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7. Which substance is an oxidizing agent?

Bahan manakah adalah agen pengoksidaan?
A Bromine water
Air bromin
B Magnesium powder
Serbuk magnesium
C Iron(II) chloride solution
Larutan ferum(II) klorida
D Potassium iodide solution
Larutan kalium iodida

8. Diagram 2 shows a water droplet on a piece of iron.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan setitis air di atas sebatang besi.

Diagram 2
Rajah 2
Which equation occurs at the cathode?
Persamaan manakah yang berlaku di katod?

A Fe  Fe2+ + 2e
B Fe2+ + 2e  Fe
C O2 + 2H2O +4e  4OH-
D 4OH-  O2 +2H2O +O2

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9. The following information shows the arrangement of some metals in the

reactivity series.
Maklumat berikut menunjukkan susunan beberapa logam dalam siri kereaktifan.

potassium, sodium, R, magnesium, L, tin

kalium, natrium, R, magnesium, L, stanum

Reactivity decreases
Kereaktifan menurun

What are R and L?

Apakah R dan L?

R L
A Calcium Iron
Kalsium Besi
B Calcium Copper
Kalsium Kuprum
C Aluminium Copper
Aluminium Kuprum
D Aluminium Iron
Aluminium Besi

10. A student found that an iron spoon rusts easily. What is the suitable method to
solve the problem?
Seorang pelajar mendapati sudu besi mudah berkarat. Apakah kaedah yang
sesuai untuk menyelesaikan masalah itu?

A Dip into oil

Celup ke dalam minyak
B Scrub with sand paper
Gosok dengan kertas pasir
C Electroplate with silver
Sadur dengan argentum
D Contact with copper metal
Sentuh dengan logam kuprum

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11. Which substance is used to change iron(III) ion to iron(II) ion?

Bahan manakah yang digunakan untuk menukarkan ion ferum(III) kepada ion
ferum(II)?
A Bromine water
Air bromin
B Potassium iodide solution
Larutan kalium iodida
C Acidifired potassium dichromate(VI) solution
Larutan kalium dikromat(Vl) berasid
D Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution
Larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid

12. Diagram 3 shows the chemical formula of a compound.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan formula kimia bagi satu sebatian.

Cu2O

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

What is the IUPAC name and oxidation number of copper element in the
compound?
Apakah nama IUPAC dan nombor pengoksidaan bagi unsur kuprum dalam
sebatian itu?

Name of compound Oxidation number of copper element

Nama sebatian Nombor pengoksidaan unsur kuprum
A Copper(I) oxide
+1
Kuprum(I) oksida
B Copper(I) oxide
+2
Kuprum(I) oksida
C Copper(II) oxide
+1
Kuprum(II) oksida
D Copper(II) oxide
+2
Kuprum(II) oksida

13. Which of the following compounds contains element with an oxidation number
of +6?
Antara sebatian berikut, yang manakah mengandungi unsur dengan nombor
pengoksidaan +6?
A SO2 C KMnO4
B NH3 D K2Cr2O7

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14. Which of the following metals are usually extracted from its ore in a blast
furnace?
Yang manakah antara logam berikut biasanya diekstrakan daripada bijihnya di
dalam sebuah relau bagas?

I Iron III Zinc

Besi Zink
II Mercury IV Tin
Raksa Timah

A I and IV only
I dan IV sahaja
B II and III only
II dan III sahaja
C I, II dan IV only
I, II dan IV sahaja
D I, III and IV only
I, III dan IV sahaja

15. Diagram 5 shows a simple chemical cell.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu sel kimia ringkas.

Diagram 5
Rajah 5

Which substance undergoes oxidation in the chemical cell?

Bahan manakah mengalami pengoksidaan dalam sel kimia itu ?
A Zinc
Zink
B Copper
Kuprum
C Copper(II) ions
Ion kuprum(II)
D Hydrogen ions
Ion hidrogen

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16. Diagram 6 shows an apparatus set-up to investigate a redox reaction by

transferring electrons at a distance.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji tindak balas redoks dengan
pemindahan elektron pada suatu jarak.

Diagram 6
Rajah 6

In this reaction, electrons flow from electrode P to electrode Q.

Which of the following are the correct solutions for X and Y?

Dalam tindak balas ini, elektron mengalir daripada elektrod P ke elektrod Q.

Yang mana antara berikut adalah larutan yang betul untuk X dan Y?

Solution X
Larutan X
A Bromine water
Air bromin
B Bromine water
Air bromin
C Acidified potassium
dichromate(VI) solution
Larutan kalium dikromat(VI)
berasid
D Potassium iodide solution
Larutan kalium iodida
Larutan kalium dikromat (VI)
Solution Y
Larutan Y
Iron(II) sulphate solution
Larutan ferum(II) sulfat
Potassium iodide solution
Larutan kalium iodida
Potassium iodide solution
Larutan kalium iodida
Acidified potassium
dichromate(VI) solution
berasid

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17. In which of the following compounds is the oxidation number of nitrogen the
highest?
Antara sebatian-sebatian berikut ,yang manakah mempunyai nombor
pengoksidaan yang tertinggi bagi nitrogen ?
A KNO2 C N2O
B NH4Cl D HNO3

18.

Diagram 7
Rajah 7
Diagram 7 shows that magnesium ribbon, tin foil, copper foil and zinc foil are
coiled around four different iron nails. The metal pairs are then placed in a test tube
containing aqueous sodium chloride solution. Which of the test tubes will contain
the highest concentration of iron(II) ions after 2 days?
Rajah 7 menunjukkan pita magnesium, lingkaran stanum, lingkaran ferum dan
lingkaran zink diikat pada paku besi. Pasangan logam itu kemudian diletakkan di
dalam tabung uji yang mengandungi larutan natrium klorida. Antara tabung uji
berikut yang manakah mengandungi kepekatan ion ferum(II) yang paling tinggi
selepas 2 hari.

A W C Y
B X D Z

19. Which of the following is a redox reaction?

Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan tindak balas redoks?
A Corrosion
Kakisan
B Neutralization
Peneutralan
C Halogenation
Penghalogenan
D Saponification
Saponifikasi

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20. Which of the following equations represent a redox reaction?

Antara persamaan berikut, yang manakah mewakili tindak balas redoks?

I CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O

II 2HCl + Zn → ZnCl2 + H2
III Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl
IV Cl2 + 2I- → 2Cl- + I2

A I and II
B II and IV
C I and III
D III and IV

21. Diagram 8 below shows the extraction process of iron in a blast furnace.
Rajah 8 di bawah menunjukkan proses pengekstrakan besi dalam relau bagas.

Diagram 8
Rajah 8
What is substance X?
Apakah bahan X?
A Silver
Argentum
B Aluminium
Aluminium
C Coke
Arang kok
D Vanadium(V) oxide
Vanadium(V) oksida

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22. Diagram 9 below shows the apparatus set-up used to investigate the reaction of
acidified potassium manganate(VII) with iron(II) sulphate solution.
Rajah 9 di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji tindak balas antara
kalium manganat(VII) berasid dengan larutan ferum(II) sulfat.

Diagram 9
Rajah 9
Which of the following is the colour change of the two solutions?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah perubahan warna bagi kedua-dua larutan
itu?

Iron(II)sulphate solution Acidified potassium manganate(VII)

Larutan ferum(II)sulfat
A Green to brown
Hijau kepada perang
B Brown to green
Perang kepada hijau
C Brown to green
Perang kepada hijau
D Green to brown
Hijau kepada perang
Kalium manganat (VII) berasid
Purple to colourless
Ungu kepada tidak berwarna
Purple to colourless
Ungu kepada tidak berwarna
Orange to green
Jingga kepada hijau
Orange to green
Jingga kepada hijau

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23. Which of the following is not a redox reaction?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah bukan tindak balas redoks?

A 2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeC13

B 4FeO + O2 → 2Fe2O 3
C FeC12 + Mg → MgC12 + Fe
D FeSO4 + 2NaOH → Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4

24. What is the position of hydrogen in the reactivity series of metals?

Di manakah kedudukan hidrogen dalam siri kereaktifan logam?

A Between zinc and iron

Antara zink dan ferum
B Between iron and lead
Antara ferum dan plumbum
C Between lead and copper
Antara plumbum dan kuprum
D Between aluminium and zinc
Antara aluminium dan zink

25. Diagram 10 shows an iron nail that is placed in a closed test tube containing gas L.
The nail rusts after a few days.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan sebatang paku besi yang diletakkan di dalam sebuah
tabung uji bertutup yang mengandungi gas L. Paku besi berkarat selepas beberapa
hari.

Diagram 10
Rajah 10
What is gas L?
Apakah gas L?
A Carbon dioxide C Nitrogen
Karbon dioksida Nitrogen
B Hydrogen D Oxygen
Hidrogen Oksigen

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STRUCTURED QUESTION
SOALAN STRUKTUR

1. Topic: Rusting of iron

Topik: Pengaratan

a. i. Write half equation at anode when rusting occurs.

Tuliskan persamaan setengah pada anod semasa pengaratan berlaku.

………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/ markah]

ii. State the process that happen at anode.

Nyatakan tindak balas yang berlaku di anod.

………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/ markah]

iii. Explain your answer in 1(a)(ii) based on the change in oxidation

number.
Terangkan jawapan anda di 1(a)(ii) berdasarkan perubahan nombor
pengoksidaan.

………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/ markah]

b. i. Write half equation at cathode when rusting occurs.

Tuliskan persamaan setengah pada katod semasa pengaratan berlaku.

………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/ markah]

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ii. State the process that happen at cathode.

Nyatakan tindak balas yang berlaku di katod.

………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/ markah]

iii. Explain your answer in 1(b)(ii) based on the transfer of electron.

Larutan kalium
Terangkan jawapan anda di 1(b)(ii) berdasarkan pemindahan electron.
heksasianoferat(III)
Potassium
………………………………………………………………………
hexacyanoterrate(III)
solution
……………………………………………………………………
+
Larutan agar-agar [1 mark/ markah]
Agar-agar solution
Air klorin Fenolttalein
2.Chlorine water Phenolahthalein
Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution
+ agar-agar solution + phenolphthalein
Larutan kalium heksasianoferat (III) +
Larutan agar-agar + fenolftalein

Larutan terum Paku besi yang

(II)sulat dililitIron
dengan zink with zinc
nail coiled
Iron(II)sulphate Iron nail
Pakucoiled with
besi yang zinic
dililit dengan zink
solution

Tabung uji A Tabung uji B DIAGRAM 2

RAJAH 2
Test tube A Test tube B
Based on Diagram 2,
Berdasarkan Rajah 2,
(i) State the observation involved.
Nyatakan pemerhatian yang terlibat.

………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/ markah]

(ii) Experiment is repeated by using copper to replace zinc.

State the observation involved.
Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan kuprum bagi menggantikan
zink.
Nyatakan pemerhatian yang terlibat.

………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/ markah]
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3. Topic: Displacement of Metal

Topik: Penyesaran Logam
Larutan ferum(II)
sulfat
Iron(II)sulphate solution
Iron(II) sulphate
Larutan ferum(II) sulfat
solution

Kepingan
Magnesium plate
magnesium
Magnesium
Kepingan magnesium
plate

DIAGRAM 3
RAJAH 3
Diagram 3 shows a magnesium plate immersed into iron(II) sulphate solution.
After 15 minutes, iron(II) sulphate solution changes from green to colourless.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan kepingan logam dicelup ke dalam larutan ferum(II)
sulfat. Selepas 15 minit, larutan ferum(II) sulfat bertukar daripada hijau
kepada tanpa warna.

a. Write an ionic equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan ion untuk tindak balas ini.

………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/ markah]

b. (i) State the process that happened to magnesium.

Nyatakan proses yang berlaku terhadap magnesium.

………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/ markah]

(ii) Explain your answer in 3(b)(i) based on the change in oxidation

number.
Terangkan jawapan anda di 3(b)(i) berdasarkan perubahan nombor
pengoksidaan.

………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/ markah]

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4. Table 1.1 shows the observation in five test tubes used to investigate the effect of other
metals on rusting. A mixture of jelly solution, potassium hexacyanoferrate(III),
K3Fe(CN)6 solution and phenolphthalein were used as medium in each test tube. The
observations were recorded after one day.
Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan pemerhatian dalam lima buah tabung uji yang digunakan
untuk menyiasat kesan logam lain ke atas pengaratan. Medium yang digunakan di
dalam setiap tabung uji adalah campuran larutan agar, larutan kalium
heksasianoferat(III), K3Fe(CN)6 dan fenolftalein. Pemerhatian direkod selepas satu
hari.

Table 1.1/ Jadual 1.1

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(a) State the inference for test tube 3

Nyatakan inferens untuk tabung uji 3.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………
[3 mark /markah]

(b) Based on this experiment, explain why there is a difference in observation

between test tube 2 and 3.
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan
pemerhatian di antara tabung uji 2 dan 3.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………
[3 mark /markah]

(c) State the hypothesis for the experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

[3 mark /markah]
(d) For this experiment, state:
Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan
(i) The manipulated variable:
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi :

…………………………………………………………

(ii) The responding variable :

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas :

……………………………………………………………….

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(iii) The constant variable :

Pembolehubah dimalarkan:

…………………………………………………………
[3 mark /markah]

(e) State the operational definition for the rusting of iron nail.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pengaratan paku besi.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

[3 mark /markah]

(f) Magnesium, copper, zinc and tin were used in this experiment to investigate
the effect of other metals on the rusting of iron nails. Classify the metals by
completing Table 1.2.
Magnesium, kuprum, zink dan timah digunakan dalam eksperimen ini untuk
mengkaji kesan logam lain ke atas pengaratan paku besi. Kelaskan logam-
logam dengan melengkapkan Jadual 1.2.

Metals that inhibit rusting

Logam yang melambatkan
pengaratan

Metals that speed up rusting

Logam yang mempercepatkan
pengaratan

Table 1.2/Jadual 1.2

[3 mark /markah]

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