ALBERT EINSTEIN

BIOGRAPHY

Aluna: Aldislene Moura

Campo Grande – Setembro de 2016

 Albert Einstein, the most famous scientist of the 20th century was the physicist
who proposed the theory of relativity. Win the physics Nobel Prize in 1921. Einstein
became famous worldwide, synonymous with intelligence. Their findings led to a
revolution of human thought with philosophical interpretations of various trends.
Einstein was born in Germany in a Jewish family non-observant. His parents,
Hermann Einstein and Pauline Koch, married in 1876 and settled in the city of Ulm.
Hermann became a business owner mattresses feathers.
When Einstein was a year old, the family moved to Munich. Three-year-old
Einstein had speech difficulties. At six, he learned to play the violin, an instrument that
would accompany him throughout life.
In 1885, Hermann founded with his brother Jacob an electrical equipment
company. In October of that year Einstein began attending a Catholic school in Munich.
After he entered the Luitpold Gymnasium, where he remained until 15 years.
Difficulties in business, in 1894 the family moved to Italy. Einstein remained in
Munich to finish the school year. In 1895, he made entrance exams to the
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) in Zurich. It failed in the humanities
exams. then it went to Aarau, also in Switzerland to finish secondary school.

In 1896 he graduated from the high school and, at 17, he renounced his German
citizenship, becoming stateless for a few years. The Swiss citizenship was granted in
1901. He studied higher education at ETH in Zurich, where he was later professor.
The January 6, 1903 he married Mileva Maric. They had three children: Lieserl,
Hans Albert and Eduard. The first died in infancy, the eldest became professor of
hydraulics at the University of California and the youngest, graduated in music and
literature, died in a Swiss psychiatric hospital.

Between 1909 and 1913 Einstein lectured in Bern, Zurich and Prague. He
returned to Germany in 1914, just before the start of the First World War. He accepted a
research position in the Prussian Academy of Sciences together with a chair at the
University of Berlin. Also assumed the direction of Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin.
In November 1915, Einstein made a number of conferences and presented his
theory of general relativity. The following year the scientist published "General
Foundation of the Theory of Relativity."
In 1919, he separated from Mileva wife and married his cousin Elsa. That year
became known worldwide after his theory was proven in experiment conducted during a
solar eclipse.
Einstein won the Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 and was nominated to join the
Intellectual Cooperation Organization of the League of Nations. In the same year he
published "On the Theory of Special Relativity and General".
Throughout life, Einstein would visit several countries, including Brazil, in 1925.
Between 1925 and 1928, Einstein was president of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
In 1933, Hitler came to power in Germany and the scientist was advised by
friends to leave the country, denying once again the German citizenship.
The October 7, 1933, Einstein left for the United States, where he joined the
Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University. In 1940 he gained US citizenship,
also holding Swiss citizenship.

In 1941 began the Manhattan Project, aimed at the development of the atomic
bomb by the Americans. Einstein did not participate in the project. In 1945, he resigned
as director of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University, but continued to
work at the institution.
Intense Einstein's intellectual activity resulted in the publication of many works,
including "Why War?" (1933), in collaboration with Sigmund Freud; "The World as I See"
(1949); and "My Last Years" (1950). The main feature of his work was a synthesis of
knowledge about the physical world, which eventually lead to a broader and deeper
understanding of the universe.
In 1952, Ben-Gurion, then Prime Minister of Israel, invited Albert Einstein to
assume the position of President of the State of Israel. Sick, Einstein refused. A week
before his death signed his last letter, addressed to Bertrand Russell, agreeing that his
name was included in a petition urging all nations to give up nuclear weapons.
Contributing to the physics in the 20th century under the two theories that
constituted his most peculiar traits - the quantum and relativity - Einstein gave her the
essential element of his conception of the photon, indispensable for later merge,
mechanical wave of Louis de Broglie, mechanics and electromagnetism. And it gave the
second a complete and universal significance that goes beyond the field of pure science
and reaches the many facets of human knowledge. It should be noted also that some of
Einstein's discoveries - such as the notion of equivalence of mass and energy and the
continuumquadridimensional, raised philosophical interpretations of various trends.
Einstein died on April 18, 1955, in Princeton, New Jersey, at age 76. His body
was cremated.