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Biotechnology
Submitted by:
Kristy Anne Impasta
Submitted to:
Ms. Honelyn Carado
“Dolly the Sheep”
Cloning is a set of processes that can be used to produce
genetically identical copies of any biological entity including
genes, cells, tissues, and even entire organisms. The copy is
known as the clone. A method used in the cloning of Dolly the
sheep was to make the cells “quiescent” by starving them in a
“minimal media”, causing them to stop dividing and lose their
differentiation. Quiescent is a state or period of inactivity or
dormancy. During this period, cells do not divide because
there is no need for rapid cell division.
Who is Dolly?
Dolly, a ewe, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. She was born on
July 5th, 1996. The sheep was originally code-named "6LL3". The name "Dolly" came from a suggestion
by the stockmen who helped with her birth, in honor of Dolly Parton, because it was a mammary cell that
was cloned.
Where was Dolly cloned?
She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Midlothian, Scotland and lived there until her death.
Who were the scientists that cloned Dolly?
Dolly was cloned by Keith Campbell, Ian Wilmut, and colleagues at the Roslin Institute. Keith Campbell
provided fundamental insights into cell cycle control for the research that led to the birth of Dolly. Ian
Wilmut was the first to use the nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a
mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly.
When was Dolly cloned?
On February 22, 1997.
The Process
Dolly was important because she was the first mammal to be cloned from an animal cell. Her birth proved
that specialized cells could be used to create an exact copy of the animal they came from. This knowledge
changed what scientists thought was possible and opened up a lot of possibilities in biology and medicine,
including the development of personalized stem cells known as iPS cells.
Dolly was an important milestone, inspiring scientists to continue improving cloning technology as well
as to pursue new concepts in stem cell research. The endgame was never meant to be armies of
genetically identical livestock: Rather, researchers continue to refine the techniques and combine them
with other methods to turbocharge traditional animal breeding methods as well as gain insights into aging
and disease.