OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

Britt, S., Grable, j. E., Nelson Goff, B. S., & White, M. (2008). The influence of

perceived spending behaviors on relationship satisfaction. Financial

Counseling and Planning, 19(1), 31-43.

The articles look on the impact perceived personally, partner and joint

spending behavior have On a couple’s relationship satisfaction. The beginning of the

article points out that there is a common overlap among financial behavioral problem

and relationship difficulties. One point highlighted in the literature review is that

personal and couple financial behaviors are one of the main reasons couples are

dissatisfied with their relationship. Along with perceive personal, partner, and joint

spending behaviors several variables associated with relationship satisfaction were

taken into considerations for this study. The variables taken into consideration

include: demographic and socioeconomic factors, psychosocial factors, and financial

stressors. The authors use Social Exchange Theory to look at how different

perceptions can influence the way partners view the same event, as either being a

reward or a cost to the relationship. A staircase scale is used in the current study to G
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look at the impact “negatively perceived spending behaviors” (the perceived costs) A
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and the “positively perceived spending behaviors” (perceived rewards) have on U
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relationship satisfaction. The sample for the study consisted of 347 survey T
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respondents currently in significant relationships. The study found that respondent’s S

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perceptions of their partner’s spending behaviors have the greatest impact on H
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relationship satisfaction. Result from O
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the study supports the use of social exchange theory in describing how individuals are

influences by their perceptions of other’s behavior and how they will impact them as

either being a cost or a reward. Self-esteem and financial stressors were also found to

have an impact on relationships satisfaction. The authors discuss how couples with

high self-esteem levels and who take one another’s feelings into considerations often

have fewer relationships problem, while couples who experience high financial stress

are often less satisfied with their relationships. Given the number of couples who

struggle with financial issues in their relationships, the authors propose the term

Financial therapy which would include the integration of financial counseling with

marriage and family therapy (MFT) focusing on the source of negative financial

behavior and finding solutions for those behaviors. The authors point out the

importance of financial counselors and MFT’s being aware of their own limitations

around certain issues and making referrals when appropriate. Towards the end of the

article, the authors suggest that prior to getting involved on a relationship, individuals

look at their partner’s spending and financial behavior to make sure they possess G
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behavior that are appropriate and in step with their own way handling finances. A
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Grable, J. E., Britt, S., & Cantrell, J. (2007). An exploratory study of the role

financial satisfaction has on the thought of subsequent divorce, Family and

Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 36(2), 130-150

The authors look at whether financial satisfaction can discriminate couples

who have considered getting a divorce occasionally or often over the past three years

from couples who have not. In the literature review the authors discuss how almost

one third of couples who seeks financial counseling have some form of relationship

problems. Similarly, one third of couples who seek couples counseling for

relationship problems also have some kind of financial difficulties. These

Findings show there is a link between financial satisfaction and relationship distress.

The authors also highlight some of the costs of divorce, which include money,

couples experience a lower standards of living, individuals have a higher chance of

suffering from depressions which can lead to other health problems, and the impact

divorce has on children. Some of the factors that influence relationship satisfaction

which could lead to divorce are financial satisfaction, the number of years the couple G
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has been married and their age, gender, if the couple has children, the race and A
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ethnicity of the couple, their educational status, employment status, household U
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income, and their individual self-esteem. For this study, the author used a cybernetic T
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system to look at the influence different factors have on marital stability. A S

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basic tenet of the cybernetic system approach is that information feedback is either

positive or negative. Each factor in the system impacts the next factor until there is

enough information to provide the individual participants with

feedback. Data for the study was pulled from a survey administered to a convenience

sample of individuals living in three communities in a Midwestern state. The sample

for this study was made up of 361 married individuals. Findings from the study show

a measure of financial satisfaction can distinguish between individuals who have

thought of getting a divorce from those who have not. Financial satisfaction was

found to be connected with the possibility of considering divorce. According to the

model, individuals who had high financial satisfaction had the lowest level of marital

distress. The variable that best distinguished those who had considered divorce from

those who had not was financial satisfaction. Findings also showed individuals were

less distressed if they had high financial satisfaction and a spouse who was at least a

year and a half younger. Individuals who had considered divorce had a spouse who G
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was close in age or older than them by one and a half year. The authors suggest if A
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consumers’ science educators are able to intervene and recognize potential conflicts U
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within in a marriage and make appropriate referrals they may be able to save that T
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marriage. They also S

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suggest future research be done to test the influence of additional factors on

relationship satisfaction and considering divorce.

Liem, C. (2018). Enterprise Risk Management in Banking Industry. Firm Journal of

Management Studies, 3(1), 1-15

Enterprise Risk Management in Banking Industry is an article which was

written by Liem in the year 2018. The main aim of this article was to evaluate ERM

implementation during the early phase of the ERM execution guideline in Indonesian,

specifically its effect on bank performance and vice versa. This article is vital to use

in my research for it involves the concentration of the 4 (four) state-owned

commercial banks in Indonesia is involved which include; Bank Mandiri (BM), Bank

Negara Indonesia, Bank Rakyat Indonesia. The use of these four types of banks will

help to show how Enterprise Risk Management in banking. The study in this article

has employed the use of ERM Index which is being used as a proxy of ERM

implementation at the same time making a presentation of the bank performance is G

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presented by 3 proxies which are NIM, ROAA, and EM. This is a useful source for it A
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helps us to get to know how state-owned commercial banks have positive ERM U
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Index. This source will be of great help in my piece of work for it will enable me to E

get to know the different maturity stage of ERM implementation. The article is S
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reliable for it recognizes that ERM Index has affirmative important impact H
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concerning ROAA and vice versa; ERM Index has an affirmative but irrelevant

impact towards NIM and vice versa while at the same time ERM index has a positive

but insignificant influence towards EM. The article is objective for it suggests to all

profitmaking banks in Indonesia to implement ERM extremely for it has been

confirmed that ERM execution conveys positive impact towards bank productivity

and it conveys a positive signal to stockholders.

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