DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY

REINFORCED CONCRETE
DESIGN
CENG 144
Engr. MARCELO T. ABRERA, Jr.
Instructor
ACI
Section 5.3
The compression gravity axial loads for a building
column have been estimated with the following
results: 𝑫 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔 ; live load from roof, 𝑳𝒓 =
𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔 ; and live load from floors, 𝑳 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔 .
Compression wind, 𝑾 = 𝟕𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔; tensile wind, 𝑾 =
𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔; seismic compression load, 𝑬 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔; and
tensile seismic load, 𝑬 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔 . Determine the
critical design load using the ACI load
combinations.

Answer
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Largest value = 690 kips

Load case 5.3.1b controls

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BEAM PROPORTIONS
The most economical beam sections are usually obtained for
shorter beams (up to 20 ft or 25 ft in length), when the ratio of d to
1
b is in the range of 1 2 𝑡𝑜 2.

For longer spans, the depths may be as large as three or four times
the widths

YOU DO NOTE!!!

The overall beam dimensions are selected to whole inches. This is

done for simplicity in constructing forms or for the rental of forms,
which are usually available in 1-in. or 2-in. increments.

Beam widths are often selected in multiples of 2 in. or 3 in.

DEFLECTIONS
The ACI Code in Tables 7.3.1.1 and 9.3.1.1 provide minimum
thickness of beams and one-way slabs for which deflection
calculations are not required.
ESTIMATED BEAM WEIGHT
The weight of the beam to be selected must be included in the
calculation of the bending moment to be resisted, because the
beam must support itself as well as the external loads.

Concrete weighs approximately 150 pcf (if the weight of the steel is
included)
SELECTION OF BARS
For usual situations, bars of sizes #11 and smaller are practical.

It is usually convenient to use bars of one size only in a beam,

although occasionally two sizes will be used
COVER
The reinforcing steel for concrete members must be protected from
the surrounding environment; that is, fire and corrosion protection
need to be provided.

The cover improves the bond between the concrete and steel.
Section 20.6.1.3
MINIMUM STIRRUP DIAMETER (𝒅𝒔 )

The minimum stirrup diameter that the code permits to use is 3/8
inch when the longitudinal bars are #10 or smaller;

For #11 and larger bars, the minimum stirrup diameter is ½ in

INSIDE RADIUS

The minimum inside radius of the 90° stirrup bent around the
outside longitudinal bars is two times the stirrup diameter (2𝑑𝑠 )
MINIMUM EDGE DISTANCE

-the minimum horizontal distance from the center of the outside

longitudinal bars to the edge of concrete.
MINIMUM SPACING OF BARS
MINIMUM WIDTH OF WEB FOR MULTIPLE BARS
Design a rectangular beam for a 22-ft simple span if
a dead load of 1 kip/ft (not including the beam
weight) and a live load of 2 kip/ft are to be
supported. For initial dimensions, assume h to
about one-tenth of the beam span, while the width b
𝟏
is assumed to equal about 𝒉. Also assume 𝒅 = 𝒉 −
𝟐
𝟐. 𝟓 . Use 𝒇𝒄 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊 and 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟔𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊 . Use #9
′

bars

Answer
 back

Use 3 #9 bars
A beam is to be selected with 𝝆 ≅ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟎 , 𝑴𝒖 =
𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒑 − 𝒇𝒕, 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟔𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊 and 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊.

Answer
 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟔 𝒊𝒏
𝒅 = 𝟐𝟖 𝒊𝒏
Use 4 #11 bars

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According to many designers, based on their concrete
design experience, it has been found that if
reinforcement ratios are kept fairly small, say roughly
0.18𝑓′𝑐
, or perhaps 0.375𝜌𝑏 , beam cross-sections will be
𝑦𝑓
sufficiently large so that deflections will seldom be a
problem.
A rectangular beam is to be sized with 𝒇𝒚 =
𝟔𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊, 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊, and a reinforcement ratio
𝟎.𝟏𝟖𝒇′
𝝆 approximately equal to 𝒇 𝒄. It is to have a 25-ft
𝒚
simple span and to support a dead load, in
addition to its own weight, equal to 2 kips/ft and
a live load equal to 3 kips/ft.

Answer
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𝒃 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒊𝒏
𝒉 = 𝟑𝟒 𝒊𝒏
𝒅 = 𝟑𝟏 𝒊𝒏
Use 6 #9 bars

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The dimensions of the beam shown have been
selected for architectural reasons. Determine the
reinforcing steel area required using this
dimension. Determine the number of bars using #8
bars. Determine the design moment capacity.

Answer
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𝑹𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟎𝟖 𝒊𝒏𝟐

Use 3 #8 bars

𝑴𝒖 = 𝟐𝟎𝟒. 𝟐𝟗 𝒌𝒊𝒑 − 𝒇𝒕

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ACI 318 Code (9.2.3.1)
Beams with web depths that exceed 3 ft have a
tendency to develop excessively wide cracks in the
upper parts of their tension zones.

To reduce these
cracks, it is
necessary to add
some additional
longitudinal
reinforcement in the
zone of flexural
tension near the
vertical side faces of
the web.
ACI Code Section 9.7.2.3 Spacing of Skin
Reinforcement:

ACI Code Section 24.3.2

READ!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Groups of parallel bars may be bundled together.

Up to 4 bars can be bundled, provided they are

enclosed by stirrups or ties.

ACI Code Section 25.6.1.3

Bundled-bars arrangements
Design a rectangular section for a 28-ft-
simple-span beam, service dead load is 3
kip/ft (not including beam weight), and
𝟏
service live load is 3 kip/ft. Assume 𝝆 = 𝝆𝒃 .
𝟐
Show sketches of the beam cross-sections,
including bar sizes, arrangement and
spacing. Assume concrete weighs 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒍𝒃/𝒇𝒕𝟑 .
𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊 and 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊.

Answer
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Design a rectangular beam section for the beam,
load and 𝝆 values shown. Beam weight is not
included in the loads shown. Show sketches of
cross-section, including bar sizes, arrangement and
spacing. Assume concrete weighs 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒍𝒃/𝒇𝒕𝟑 , 𝒇𝒚 =
𝟔𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊 and 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒔𝒊.

Answer
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Design a rectangular beam with width of 300 mm
and an overall depth of 480 mm. The beam is
simply supported over a span of 5 m. Steel strength
𝒇𝒚 = 𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 and concrete strength 𝒇′𝒄 = 𝟐𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂 .
Concrete cover is 70 mm from the centroid of the
steel area. Unit weight of concrete is 𝟐𝟑. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑 .
Other than the weight of the beam, the beam
carries a superimposed dead load of 18 kN/m and a
live load of 14 kN/m. Use 20 mm bar.

Answer
 back

Use 4-20 mm bars

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REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS
are large flat plates that are supported by reinforced concrete
beams, walls or columns; by masonry walls; by structural steel
beams and columns; or by the ground.

ONE-WAY SLAB
supported on two opposite sides only. The bending is in one
direction only – that is perpendicular to the supported edges.

TWO-WAY SLAB
supported by beams on all four edges. The bending is in both
direction.

𝑳𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
≥𝟐 ONE-WAY SLAB
𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLABS
A one-way slab is assumed to be a rectangular beam with a
large ratio of width to depth.

Normally, a 12-in-wide piece of such a slab is designed as a

beam.
ACI Code Section 7.3.1.1
provides certain span/depth limitations for concrete flexural
members where deflections are not calculated.
Slab thicknesses are usually rounded
off to the nearest ¼ inch on the high
side for slabs of 6 in. or less in
thickness,

and to the nearest ½ in. on the high

side for slabs thicker than 6 inches.
As concrete hardens, it shrinks.

Temperature changes occur that cause expansion and

contraction of the concrete.

When cooling occurs, the shrinkage effect and the shortening

due to cooling add together.
ACI Code Section 7.7.6.1
ACI Code Section 7.7.6.2

ACI Code Section 7.7.6.3

ACI Code Section 24.4.3.2

𝑨𝒔
𝝆=
𝒃𝒉
ACI Code Section 24.4.3.3
ACI Code Section 20.6.1.3
Design a one-way slab for the inside building
using the span, loads abd the other data
given in the figure. Normal-weight aggregate
concrete is specified with a density of 145
pcf.

Answer
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