Departmental Examination

CE51C – Timber Design

Instructions: Choose the letter that best represents the answer. If the answer can’t be found in the choices then
shade letter “E” and write the answer beside it. Show your solution.

Situation 1 - See FIG-TD001

A vertical 6.0-kN load is applied as shown on a wooden post of rectangular cross section.
Use: b = 80 mm; h = 120 mm; a = 35 mm; P = 6.0 kN
1.) Calculate the stress at point B, in MPa.
a) +2.66 b) -1.72 c) -2.03 d) +1.09
2.) Calculate the stress at point C, in MPa.
a) +2.42 b) +2.03 c) +1.09 d) +0.47
3.) If the applied force is located at the center determine the stress at D, in MPa.
a) -0.78 b) -0.63 c) -0.47 d) -1.09

Situation 2
A rectangular wooden beam has a span of 6 m. and carries a total uniform load of 25 kN/m including its own weight. The
beam is made up of 80% stress grade Apitong with allowable stresses shown.
Allowable Stress for Apitong 80% Stress Grade:
Allowable bending - 16.5 MPa Shear parallel to grain = 1.73 MPa
Compression parallel to grain = 9.56 MPa Modulus of elasticity = 7310 MPa
Compression perpendicular to grain = 2.20MPa Allowable deflection = L/240

4.) Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of beam that will not exceed the allowable bending stress?
a) 220 x 440 mm b) 320 x 540 mm c) 120 x 340 mm d) 320 x 440 mm
5.) Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of the beam that will not exceed the allowable shearing stress?
a) 100 x 200 mm b) 200 x 400 mm c) 250 x 500 mm d) 300 x 600 mm
6.) Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of the beam that will not exceed the allowable deflection?
a) 100 x 200 mm b) 200 x 400 mm c) 250 x 500 mm d) 300 x 600 mm

Situation 3
Four 50 mm x 200 mm section is to be framed to carry maximum shear on a cantilever span of 4 m. neglecting the weight
of the beam. Allowable shear stress is 0.70 MPa.
7.) Compute the safe concentrated load that the beam could carry at a distance of 1.5 m. from the fixed support if the beam
is arranged as shown in FIG-TD002.
a) 14.32 kN b) 15.32 kN c) 11.67 kN d) 12.67 kN
8.) Compute the safe concentrated load that the beam could carry at distance of 1.5 m. from the fixed if the beam is arranged
as shown in FIG-TD003.
a) 14.33 kN b) 15.33 kN c) 11.67 kN d) 12.67 kN
9.) Compute the safe concentrated load that the beam could carry at a distance of 1.5 m. from the fixed support if it is
arranged as shown in FIG-TD004.
a) 18.667 kN b) 15.333 kN c) 19.667 kN d) 16.333 kN

Situation 4- See FIG-TD005

A 300 mm x 75 mm wooden plank is placed on top of another 600 mm x 150 mm wooden plank having the same material.
The super imposed beam is subjected to a total moment of 42 kN.m. Span of both planks is 6 m. E = 8000 MPa for both
planks.
10.) Which of the following gives the moment carried by the lower plank.
a) 8.78 kN.m b) 34. 152 kN.m c) 5.38 kN.m d) 39.53 kN.m
11.) Which f the following gives the flexural stress of the upper plank
a) 5.38 MPa b) 3.42 MPa c) 9.53 MPa d) 8.78 MPa
12.) Which of the following gives the radius of curvature of both planks.
a) 39.53 m b) 52.39 m c) 54.34 m d) 34.152 m

Situation 5
Refer to FIG-TD006.
Given: Span of purlin, L = 5.0 m Slope (Top chord) = 1V:3 ½ H
Dead load = 1200 Pa (inclined) Wind Pressure Coefficients:
Live load = 576 Pa (inclined) Windward side = 0.2 pressure
Wind load = 1440 Pa Leeward side = 0.6 suction
Properties of the Purlin
b = 75 mm d = 150 mm Weight of wood = 5.59 kN/m3
Fb = Ft = 16.5 MPa; Ew = 7.31 GPa; p = 9.56 MPa; Fv = 1.75 MPa
For D + L + W load combination, a one third increase in the allowable stresses is allowed.
13.) Find the safe purlin spacing (m) for D + L load combination.
a.) 0.5 b.) 0.6 c.) 0.7 d.) 0.8
“Walang himala!!! Tayo ang gumagawa ng mga himalanaa sa tao ang himala” ~ Nora Aunor
14.) Find the safe purlin spacing (m) for D + L + W where W is at the windward side.
a.) 0.6 b.) 0.8 c.) 1.0 d.) 1.2
15.) Find the safe purlin spacing (m) for D + L + W where W is at the leeward side.
a.) 1.0 b.) 1.2 c.) 1.3 d.) 1.5

Situation 6 – See FIG-TD007

Allowable unit stresses in Newtons per square mm of cross-sectional area of square or rectangular simple solid columns
shall be determined by the following formulas, but such unit stresses shall not exceed values for compression, parallel to
grain Fc as shown in the tables adjusted in accordance with the provision of sections of 3.4 of the National Structural Code.
(1) Shortest columns (Le/d of 11 or less)
F’c = Fc
(2) Intermediate columns (Le/d greater than 11 but less than K)
𝐸 1 𝐿𝑒/𝑑 4
K = 0.671 √ and Fc’ = [1 - ( ) ]
𝐹𝑐 3 𝐾
(3) Long columns (Le/d of K or greater )
0.30𝐸
Fc’ =
(𝐿𝑒/𝑑)2
A timber column of square cross section has a length of 3 m and a dimernsion of 140 mm x 140 mm. It is hinged at the ends
so that K = 1.0. The relevant code on the compressive strength Fc is given on the specifications and also a table of timber
with their corresponding working stress for visually stress-graded unseasoned Apitong 80% stress grade.
Modulus of Elasticity, E = 7310 MPa Compression parallel to the grain, Fc = 9.56 MPa
16.) What is the classification of the column
a.) Short Column b.) Intermediate Column c.) Long Column d.) Not allowed by the code
17.) Which of the following gives the allowable compressive stress
a.) 3.78 MPa b.) 4.78 MPa c.) 5.78 MPa d.) 6.78 MPa
18.) Which of the following gives the allowable axial load.
a.) 74.08 kN b.) 93.69 kN c.) 113.28 kN d.) 132.89 kN

Situation 7 - See FIG-TD008.

A wooden rectangular beam 200x350 mm has a simple span of 6 m. neglecting the weight of the beam.
19.) Which of the following gives the value of the concentrated load it could carry at its midspan if allowable bending stress
is 10.35 MPa
a.) 28.17 kN b.) 26.19 kN c.) 22.38 kN d.) 20.39 kN
20.) Which of the following gives the value of the shear force at the support if there is a notch at the end of the beam which
is 100 mm deep if the allowable shearing stress is 1.10 MPa.
a.) 28.17 kN b.) 26.19 kN c.) 22.38 kN d.) 20.39 kN
21.) Which of the following gives the value of the concentrated load at the midspan that it could support if there is a notch
of 100 mm deep at the end support.
a.) 52.38 kN b.) 56.19 kN c.) 54.38 kN d.) 58.39 kN

Situation 8 - See FIG-TD009

A flitch beam is made up of two wooden beams and a steel plate shown. The steel plate is A36 where Fy = 250 MPa. The
materials are so connected that they will act together as a unit. Fb of wood = 7.30MPa, Ew = 9676MPa, Fv of steel =
0.60(Fy) and Es = 200 GPa. Assuming a continuous lateral support.
22.) Determine the resisting moment capacity of the steel beam.
a.) 53.25 kN.m b.) 51. 25kN.m c.) 59. 25 kN.m d.) 56.25 kN.m
23.) Determine the total resisting moment capacity of the flitch beam.
a.) 90.81 kN.m b.) 93.81 kN.m c.) 96 kN.m d.) 99.81 kN.m
24.) Determine the shear capacity of the steel. Use the allowable shear stress of the steel.
a.) 650 kN b.) 700 kN c.) 750 kN d.) 800 kN

Situation 9 - See FIG-TD010

A masonry terrace of 75 mm concrete surface with 25 mm cement tiles rests on a 75 mm x 200 mm lumber spaced at 300
mm on centers acting as simple beam with an effective span of 3.6 m. Weight of wood is 7.5 kN/m³. Ew = 13800 MPa. The
allowable stresses are 14 MPa for bending, 0.80 MPa for shear parallel to the grain and deflection is 1/360 of span.
25.) Which of the following gives the uniform load it could support if bending stress controls
a.) 3.61kN/m b.) 2.32 kN/m c.) 3.49 kN/m d.) 2.61 kN/m
26.) Which of the following gives the uniform load it could support if shear controls.
a.) 3.61kN/m b.) 2.32 kN/m c.) 3.49 kN/m d.) 2.61 kN/m
27.) Which of the following gives the uniform load it could support if deflection controls.
a.) 3.61kN/m b.) 2.32 kN/m c.) 3.49 kN/m d.) 2.61 kN/m

Situation 10 - See FIG-TD011

A 6m cantilever retaining wall, with an active pressure which varies from zero at the top of 35 kN/m at the bottom. Assume
EI is constant.
“Walang himala!!! Tayo ang gumagawa ng mga himalanaa sa tao ang himala” ~ Nora Aunor
28.) Compute the maximum shear.
a.) 105 kN b.) 210 kN c.) 84 kN d.) 154 kN
29.) Compute the maximum moment.
a.) -210kN.m b.) 105 kN.m c.) 154 kN.m d.) 84 kN.m
30.) If the wall is laterally supported at the free end and fixed at the base, determine the moment of the foundation. Use end
𝑤𝑙 2 𝑤𝑙 2
moment equation at the top and at the base
30 20
a.) -84 kN b.) – 105 kN c.) -154 kN.m d.) -210 kN.m

Situation 11 - See FIG-TD012

From the given truss, it is made up of Guijo 100 mm x 150 mm. It is subjected to a vertical load of 25 kN acting at A.
Allowable stress of wooden section:
Shear parallel to the grain = 1.1 MPa Compression parallel to the grain = 10 MPa
Shear longitudinal for joints = 1.45 MPa Compression perpendicular to the grain = 5 MPa
Use: b = 100 mm; H= 1.2 m; L = 3.0 m
31.) Compute the minimum length x, in mm.
a.) 113.64 b.) 181.91 c.) 284.09 d.) 142.05
32.) Compute the minimum length y, in mm.
a.) 31.25 b.) 25.15 c.) 15.63 d.) 21.72
33.) Compute the axial stress of member BC, in MPa.
a.) 1.33 b.) 2.67 c.) 1.33 d.) 1.07

Situation 12 - See FIG-TD013

50 mm x 200 mm Guijo floor joists carries a dead load including its own weight of 2.5 kPa and a live load of 2 kPa. The
joist has a simple span of 3.6 m. Weight of wood is 7.5 kN/m^3.
Allowable stress:
Bending = 15.8 MPa Allowable deflection = L/300 of span
Shear = 0.90 MPa Assume no impact allowance for live load.
Modulus of elasticity of wood = 13800 MPa
34.) Which of the following gives the spacing of the joists if bending controls?
a.) 0.52 m b.) 0.62 m c.) 0.72 m d.) 0.82 m
35.) Which of the following gives the spacing of the joists if shear controls?
a.) 0.54 m b.) 064 m c.) 0.74 m d.) 0.84 m
36.) Which of the following gives the spacing of the joists if deflection controls?
a.) 0.56 m b.) 0.66 m c.) 0.76 m d.) 0.86 m

Situation 13 - See FIG-TD014

From the figure shown, a uniform load of 112 kN/m is acting downward and supported by an upward uniform pressure of
q = 48 kN/m.
37.) Determine the maximum shear.
a.) 48 kN b.) 42 kN c.) 32 kN d.) 38 kN
38.) Determine the maximum moment.
a.) 42 kN.m b.) 48 kN.m c.) 38 kN.m d.) 32 kN.m
39.) Determine the distance from the left where the flexural stress is zero.
a.) 3.5 m b.) 2.5 m c.) 1.5 m d.) 4.5 m

Situation 14 - See FIG-TD015.

Beam AB is simply supported at A and is fixed at B. Column AC is 250 mm square timber with the following properties:
Allowable stresses:
Bending and tension parallel to the grain = 21.8 MPa; Compression parallel to the grain = 13.2 MPa
Shear parallel to the grain = 2.40 MPa; Compression perpendicular to the grain = 4.26 MPa
Modulus of elasticity = 8.47 GPa
Use: H = 6 m; L=8m
40.) What is the allowable concentric load (kN) in column AC if both ends are pin-connected? Sidesway is prevented.
Assume Ke = 1.0.
a.) 161 b.) 244 c.) 276 d.) 825
41.) Determine the moment capacity (kN.m) of beam AB, if its dimensions and properties are the same in column AC.
a.) 55.68 b.) 55.63 c.) 157.24 d.) 56.77
42.) Calculate the safe uniform load (kN/m) including its own weight for beam AB.
a.) 6.96 b.) 19.66 c.) 7.10 d.) 7.35

Situation 15
A timber wall is 50 mm wide, 150 mm deep and having a height of 3.50 m is assumed to be hinged at top and bottom (use
k = 2.0). It is subjected to an axial load of 15 kN on the centroid. A uniformly distributed load is also acting along the
weaker axis is of its entire height. The wall is made-up of Apitong wood and stresses are shown in the table (use 80%
stress grade). To be safe, the actual stresses. Also, the wall must be checked using the formula:
“Walang himala!!! Tayo ang gumagawa ng mga himalanaa sa tao ang himala” ~ Nora Aunor
Members subjected to both flexure and axial compressionshall be proportioned such that
𝐿𝑒
𝑓𝑐 𝑓𝑏 −11
𝑑
+ ≤ 1.0 𝐽=
𝐹𝑐′ 𝐹𝑏′ −𝐽𝑓𝑐 𝐾−11
43.) Which of the following gives the allowable compressive stress
a.) 7.94 MPa b.) 5.92 MPa c.) 4.03 MPa d.) 9.04 MPa
44.) Which of the following gives the value of the allowable bending stress
a.) 7.94 MPa b.) 4.03 MPa c.) 9.04 MPa d.) 5.92 MPa
45.) What is the allowable uniform load “W” it could carry
a.) 366 N/m b.) 266 N/m c.) 344 N/m d.) 244 N/m

Situation 16 - See FIG-TD016

A wooden rectangular beam 200 mm x 350 mm has a simple span of 6 m. Neglecting the weight of the beam.
46.) Which of the following gives the value of the concentrated load it could carry at its midspan if the allowable bending
stress is 10.35 MPa?
a.) 20.67 kN b.) 22.29 kN c.) 26.33 kN d.) 28.17 kN
47.) Which of the following gives the value of the concentrated load it could carry at its midspan if the allowable shearing
stress is 0.56 MPa?
a.) 58.2 kN b.) 56.2 kN c.) 54.2 kN d.) 52.2 kN
48.) Which of the following gives the value of the concentrated load it could carry at its midspan if the allowable deflection
is L/360 and Ew = 7810MPa?
a.) 10.67 kN b.) 20.67 kN c.) 30.67 kN d.) 40.67 kN

Situation 17 - See FIG-TD017

The tensile member shown, 50 mm x 75 mm in cross section is subjected to a load P = 200 kN. The plane AA makes an
angle 15 degrees with the x-axis.
49.) What is the tensile stress at section A-A.
a.) 31.09 MPa b.) 36.91 MPa c.) 49.76 MPa d.) 53.24 MPa
50.) Determine the shear stress on plane A-A.
a.) 13.33 Mpa b.) 16.66 MPa c.) 19.99 MPa d.) 21.11 MPa
51.) At what angle of plane A-A is the shear stress maximum?
a.) 15 degrees b.) 30 degrees c.) 45 degrees d.) 60 degrees

Situation 18 - See FIG-TD018

From the sections shown, the simply supported beam spanning to 2 m is subjected to a uniform loading of 1kN/m on the
whole span and a 2kN concentrated load at the midspan.
52.) Determine the section modulus (mm^3) of the section shown
a.) 3333 x 10^3 b.) 2333 x 10^3 c) 1333 x 10^3 d) 5333 x 10^3
53.) Determine the moment of inertia (mm^4)
a.) 350 x 10^6 b.) 440 x 10^6 c) 380.00 x 10^6 d) 830.00 x 10^6
54.) Determine the shearing force in each nails given that the spacing of each nails is 20 mm.
a.) 243.86 N b.) 623.48 N c) 423.86 N d) 342.86 N

Situation 19 - See FIG-TD019

The inclined member in the figure is subjected to a compressive force of 2676 N.
55.) Determine the average compressive stress along the area of contact defined by AB.
a.) 2.14 MPa b.) 1.71 MPa c.) 1.14 MPa d.) 2.71 MPa
56.) Determine the average compressive stress along the area of contact defined by BC.
a.) 2.14 MPa b.) 1.71 MPa c.) 1.14 MPa d.) 2.71 MPa
57.) Determine the average shear stress along the horizontal plane defined by EDB.
a.) 0.89 MPa b.) 0.32 MPa c.) 1.14 MPa d.) 0.57 MPa

Situation 20 - See FIG-TD020

Timber purlins spaced 1.30 m on centers are used in a roof inclined 30 degrees with the horizontal. The span of the purlines
(distance center to center to trusses) is 4.6 m. Dressed dimensions of the purlins are 90.5 mm and 187.5 mm. Weight of roof
= 120 Pa, wt. of purlins = 7.5 kN/m³. Wind load 1.055 kPa on normal surface. Ew = 11058 MPa
Assuming all forces are acting through the centroid of the section, thus neglecting the torsional effect.
58.) Compute the max bending stress of the purlins
a.) 6.52 MPa b.) 9.52 MPa c.) 12.52 MPa d.) 15.52 MPa
59.) Compute the max shearing stress of the purlins
a.) 0.12 MPa b.) 0.33 MPa c.) 0.62 MPa d.) 0.99 MPa
60) Compute the normal deflection of the purlins
a.)12.15 MPa b.) 17.15 mm c.) 19.15 MPa d.) 21.15 MPa

“Walang himala!!! Tayo ang gumagawa ng mga himalanaa sa tao ang himala” ~ Nora Aunor