One of the properties that helps characterize a substance is its molar mass.

If the substance in question

is a volatile liquid, a common method to determine its molar mass is to vaporize it and apply the ideal gas
law, PV = nRT to the data collected. Because the liquid is volatile, it can easily be converted to a vapor.
Volatile substances are usually composed of nonpolar molecules. As a result the molecules have
primarily London dispersion forces and very little thermal energy is required to overcome these attractive
forces since the molecules are relatively small. Therefore, the liquid vaporizes easily and quickly at
temperatures less than 100°C. While the substance is in the vapor phase, you can measure its volume,
pressure, and temperature. You can then use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles of the
substance. Finally, you can use the number of moles of the gas to calculate molar mass.

Introduction
In the world of chemistry, it is crucial to have the ability to determine specific properties
of unknown substances in order to classify and categorize them. These properties include, but
are
not limited to: the molar mass of a substance, the molar volume, density (of a gas, liquid, or
solid), partial pressure of a gas, and boiling points. In this experiment, the main focus was to
determine the molar mass of a volatile liquid after vaporization and re-condensation has been
performed. When a gas behaves ideally, it acts in a certain way that, although does not comply
with real gaseous properties, accurately gives information of the quantitative properties of the
gas. These are related through the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
Where P is the pressure, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles, R is a gas
constant, and T is the temperature of the gas converted to Kelvin.
It is a well-known fact that the density of a gas is significantly lower than that of a solid
or a liquid, simply because gaseous molecules do not stick together and completely fill the
volume of the container that they are in. Therefore, there is less mass per unit of volume of the
substance in the container. The Dumas method involves condensing a container filled with gas
into a liquid so that the mass of the liquid can be weighed and correlated with the number of
moles of gas that were produced within the flask. Since gases fill the volume of the container in
which they are placed, an effusion hole must be added to the container so that the gas may

ethanol (46 g/mol, vp298 = 55, bp = 78o C) or ethyl alcohol is a clear,

colorless liquid with a pleasant odor and a burning taste. It absorbs water
readily from the air and is miscible with water and many organic liquids.
Most ethanol is used in alcoholic beverages in dilute form. It is also used in
the laboratory as a common solvent, in pharmaceuticals, and as a common
topical antiseptic. Nearly all ethanol sold as "alcohol" (not for drinking) has
been denatured (including the ethanol in the lab). Denaturing in this context
means adding some substance which does not markedly interfere with the
behavior or properties of ethanol except to render it unfit for drinking. Most
denaturants are toxic
ethyl acetate (88.1 g/mol, vp298 = 82 mmHg, bp = 76.5o C) has a
characteristic fruity odor and a pleasant taste when diluted. It is somewhat
soluble (1 mL in 10 mL) in water and mostly soluble in common organic
solvents. It is used in artificial fruit essences and as a solvent for lacquers
and varnishes (including fingernail polish). Prolonged breathing of vapors
may cause liver and kidney damage.

The mole is the "counting unit" used by chemists to indicate the number of
atoms, ions, molecules, or formula units present in a particular chemical
sample. The molar mass of a compound is a ratio that is used to convert a
mass measurement to an amount of substance. This amount is expressed
as a number of particles, such as atoms, molecules or ions.

vaporization and re-

condensation has been
performed. When a gas behaves
ideally, it acts in a certain way
that, although does not comply
with real gaseous properties,
accurately gives information of
the quantitative properties of the
gas. These are related through
the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
Where P is the pressure, V is
the volume of the gas, n is the
number of moles, R is a gas
constant, and T is the
temperature of the gas
converted to Kelvin.
The molar mass of a volatile liquid can be determined through incorporating
the ideal gas equation. Through the method of vaporization of the volatile
liquid, we can assume that the

substance in question is a volatile liquid, a common method to determine

its molar mass is to vaporize it and apply the ideal gas law, PV = nRT to
the data collected. Because the liquid is volatile, it can easily be converted
to a vapor. Volatile substances are usually composed of nonpolar
molecules. As a result, the molecules have primarily London dispersion
forces and very little thermal energy is required to overcome these
attractive forces since the molecules are relatively small. Therefore, the
liquid vaporizes easily and quickly at temperatures less than 100°C. While
the substance is in the vapor phase, you can measure its volume,
pressure, and temperature. You can then use the ideal gas law to calculate
the number of moles of the substance. Finally, you can use the number of
moles of the gas to calculate molar mass.

http://www.chemtopics.com/aplab/mmvliq.pdf

https://www.google.com/search?q=dumas+method&rlz=1C1NDCM_enPH801PH801&sxsrf=AC
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1zK1i10b_IudL2A:1568430777018&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjwo8b6q8_k
AhWTAYgKHX6uD7wQ_AUIEigB&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=CMqn5S4DZDTkGM:
https://www.bluedoorlabs.com/files/dlm/NCC-CHE107-NEW/Lab11-Dumas_Method.pdf
https://www.studocu.com/en/document/university-of-north-carolina-at-charlotte/principles-of-
chemistry-lab-ii/essays/determining-the-molar-mass-of-a-volatile-liquid/2031095/view