Ignacio, Jan Daryl E.

September 20, 2019

Assignment #4
Transmission
Lines
AVTE 115 – 2C – S Engr. Jover Boyd T. Chan

1. What are transmission lines?

In the early days of cable-making, there would be current leaking
through the insulation, but in modern cables, such leakage is negligible. A
transmission line is a pair of electrical conductors carrying an electrical signal
from one place to another.
Transmission lines in microwave engineering are known as distributed
parameter networks. Transmission lines are the conductors that serve as a
path for transmitting (sending) electrical waves (energy) through them. These
basically form a connection between transmitter and receiver in order to permit
signal transmission.
Transmission lines are majorly classified into three categories: Open
wire line, Coaxial cable line, Waveguides.
Transmission lines have mainly four parameters, resistance,
inductance, capacitance, and shunt conductance. These parameters are
uniformly distributed along the line. Hence, it is also called the distributed
parameter of the transmission line.

2. Differentiate open circuited transmission lines from short circuited

transmission lines.
The difference between open circuited transmission lines and short
circuited transmission lines are its circuit. If the transmission line is open from
the load end then it is open circuited transmission lines; if the transmission line
is shorted from the load end then it is short circuited transmission line.
In open circuited transmission lines the voltage standing wave ratio is
infinity; Its magnitude of voltage reflection co-efficient is one; The current is
minimum and voltage is maximum at λ4 distance from open circuited point; the
first node of maximum voltage is at λ/2.
While on the short circuited transmission lines the voltage standing
wave ratio VSWR is infinity; its magnitude of voltage reflection co-efficient is
one; the first voltage transmission node is at λ/4 away from the shorted end
towards the source; the current is minimum and voltage is maximum at λ/4
distance from the short circuited point.
Open circuited transmission line

V I V I Max V

λ 3λ/4 λ/2 λ/4 Min I Load

Source

Shorted circuited transmission line

I V I V Max I

λ 3λ/4 λ/2 λ/4 Min V Load

Source