ASSESSMENT ON STEM GRADUATING STUDENTS READINESS ON

TAKING ENGINEERING COURSE

A Quantitative Research
presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department
MUNTINLUPA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
NBP Reservation, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE 2

Maneclang, Kyle S.
Viloria, Romeo III S.
Pascua, Jermaine Angelo S.
Sagadsad , Vilgie T.
Manlangit, Norie Mae A.
Enterina , Dave L.
Argame, Margielyn B.
Dela Cruz, Mark Joseph C.
Guerrero, Jimuel U.

GAS 1209

Hazel Jhoy Casabar - Del Mundo, MAT

Research Adviser

October 2019
I. INTRODUCTION

The Senior High School students are getting ready to take the next phase of their

journey. One of this preparing for the college entrance exam on their desired school. Most

of the students have many different plans and strategies as early as possible before taking

the college entrance exam. Other students enrolled or do prepared on the review class.

While other students rely on the knowledge that they have gathered from the past years.

Most of the students who will take Engineering courses chose the strand, “Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)” on Senior High School because the

subject will align to their pursued field which students choose this future job. Students

believed that engineering courses are difficult, yet, because of passion and as one of the

highest paying jobs in the world. Physics is not just a science, but it is also connected to

math and technology. According to Einstein Physics is an attempt conceptually to grasp

reality as something that is considered to be independent of its being observed. In this sense

one speaks of physical reality. Science are connected in math because there are descent

formulas that are also mathematics equations/topic. And Science are connected in

technology, because of technology science have telescope and microscope. Any

technology involving electricity, magnetism, force, pressure, heat, light, energy, sound,

optics, etc. comes from physics. “Physics is considered as a problematic area within the

realm of science. It is known as the fundamental science and creates a foundation for

engineering courses. Physics is perceived as a difficult course for students from secondary

school to university and in graduate education (Erdimir, 2009)”, In this statement shows

that physics is a difficult subject and not only subject, but it is important to apply to

ourselves because we also need it for our daily life. Especially to those who are taking

2
engineering courses because there are factors in physics that is related in Engineering

course. According to Roderick (2006), “Many teachers failed to recognize the skills,

knowledge, atitudes and technique which is necessary in understanding and applying

physics in different situations. Factors which causes difficulty or disability in college

physics. It is also essential to link what students are doing in the present with their plans

and aspirtions so that they can understand the importance of their high school academic

achievement.”

The readiness that STEM Strand provides new insight of core skills that are related to the

STEM careers. The skills included in the strands are algebra, calculus, workplace

communication and professionalism. Through the strand, it presented to enhance the

student skills to apply for their potential career. The students who taking up STEM Strand

will be prepared to attain success in other careers and other related technical skills.

According to American College Test (ACT, 2015) 38% out of 100% were ready for

college-level coursework in Science, while 42% out of 100% were ready for college-level

coursework in Mathematics. Likewise, in the Philippines, the demand of STEM graduates

is increasing but most of them are not enough ready to fulfill their needs. “The likelihood

that students will make a successful transition to the college environment is often a function

of their readiness-the degree to which previous educational and personal experiences have

equipped them for the expectations and demands they will encounter in college. A key

problem is that the current measures of college preparation are limited in their ability to

communicate to students and educators the true range of what students must do to fully

ready to succeed in college (Conley, 2004)”, The student’s transition coming from the

environment of being a high school student and going to the life of a college student. It can

3
help them to be ready on what they will encounter on the life of being a college student.

Through their experiences it will help them to approach someone easily and they can adapt

the new environment. “The likelihood that students will make a successful transition to the

college environment is often a function of their readiness-the degree to which previous

educational and personal experiences have equipped them for the expectations and

demands they will encounter in college. A key problem is that the current measures of

college preparation are limited in their ability to communicate to students and educators

the true range of what students must do to fully ready to succeed in college (Conley, 2004)”,

The student’s transition coming from the environment of being a high school student and

going to the life of a college student. It can help them to be ready on what they will

encounter on the life of being a college student. Through their experiences it will help them

to approach someone easily and they can adapt the new environment. The students of

STEM faced different challenges on their journey in this strand to be prepared for their

college. The major subjects of STEM are Math and Science, these are the subjects that they

need to maintain their grades and enhance their skills. There are different terms that the

student faced affects their readiness in STEM. Motivation from their parents can boost their

self-confidence and it can lead them to get a high grade in their performance in school.

Students in STEM have a Specialized-subjects like Physics, Calculus, and Earth Science

which expected to conduct a research and experiments. It can affect the student’s

performance if the total family income of the student is not enough to fulfil payments for

the activities needed to be funded. Some students are not good in Logical Reasoning;

students must be an analytical and critical thinker if they want to succeed in the STEM

strand. Performance or Pre-Calculus Achievement also affects to the learning of students

4
because they are practicing to compute numbers, memorizing terms and formulas,

analyzing and solving problems which can give stress to students and help them to give up.

The level of motivation/determination of the students will decreased if the students are

highly affected of those terms in studying. The level of Readiness will affect the students

for the college work level courses. These challenges are the most problems for the readiness

of the STEM students.

Researchers are focused on the readiness of students in STEM Strand that will take

Engineering courses. Some students in different strands have a chance to take some

Engineering courses in College. This Study can present some cogitation and cognizant to

the possible readers of this study. This study aims to showcase if the characteristics and

attributes of STEM students are enough to enroll on Engineering courses. Likewise, it will

identify the possible hindrance for STEM students to take engineering courses still have

struggles to complete all the major subject in terms of grades that STEM should pass and

maintain

5
Statement of the Problem

The Purpose of this study is to investigate the Readiness Level of STEM Students
in Muntinlupa National High School-Main who has a plan to pursue Engineering Courses.
This could give guidance for those future engineer respondents. Likewise, it provides ideas
to curriculum makers to strengthen the activities and competences for senior high school
especially the STEM, that will help students to become future engineers.

1.) What is the demographic profile of the students in terms of:

a. Age
b. Gender
c. Pursue Engineering Courses

2.) What is the level of Readiness of STEM Students in terms of:

a. Family Total Monthly Income
b. Level of Motivation
c. Non-Verbal/Logical Reasoning
d. Basic-Calculus Midterm Grade

3.) Is there significant relationship among the student’s Readiness sub-variables?

4.) What influence the stem students on pursuing Engineer Courses?

Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is to investigate the Readiness level of the Grade 12

STEM Students who are taking the engineering course. It includes determining the

motivation level, logical reasoning, critical thinking skills and achievement in pre-calculus.

It is important to understand the behavior of the students on how their academic

performance affect.

6
This study is important to the following group of people:
To the Students- This study can improve the students about their readiness and its

important in the chosen career. Through this study, the students will learn and know on

what they should do if they will take engineering course.

To the Parents- The result of this study is important to the parents because it will give

them an idea to guide their children. They could help motivating their child on choosing

their course in the future.

To the Teachers- Through this study, the teachers can share their ideas and opinions about

the engineer course. The result of this study may give them knowledge to address issues

related to the readiness of the students for tertiary education.

To the School Administration- The Result of this study can help the School

Administration find more techniques and strategies for College which to be shared to the

Students who will take the Engineering Course and will served as benefits for the students.

To the Future Researchers- Future researchers will benefit from this study because they

can use this research as a related literature. And to find answers and information from this

research that can help and can improve their study.

7
Scope and Delimitation

The scope of this study is to determine the readiness level of Grade 12 STEM

Students who plan to enroll on any Engineering courses from MNHS main.Non-STEM

Students are excluded in this study. Likewise, STEM Students who don’t have plan to take

Engineering courses is also not part of this study. The researchers use the purposive

sampling technique. Purposive Sampling Technique is a non-probability sample that is

selected based on characteristics of a population and the objective of the study.

Literature Review

8
Related Literature

Likewise, to Vuori and Okkonen (2012), it stated that motivation helps to share knowledge

through an intra-organizational social media platform which can help the organization to

reach its goals and objectives.

Another related literature from Bailin (2002) defines critical thinking as thinking of a

particular quality essentially good thinking that meets specified criteria or standards of

adequacy and accuracy.

According to Facione (2000) defines critical thinking dispositions as consistent internal

motivations to act toward or respond to persons, events, or circumstances in habitual, yet

potentially malleable ways.

In this regard Malcolm et al. (2000) in their literature review suggest that when

investigating factors that facilitate achievement in science and mathematics, a more

extensive investigation should consider learner, teacher and school variables. The chapter

concludes with some learning theories relevant to secondary school mathematics learning

and teaching.

Aswal, (2001) had investigated “A study on Intelligence as a correlate of

achievement in mathematics across different levels of socio-economic status”. The study

intended to examine the relationship of intelligence with achievement in mathematics in

9
context with different level of socio-economic status. Two hundred students of class XI

selected randomly from five colleges of Tehri district served as a sample for the study and

also found that there was a significant correlation between intelligence and achievement in

mathematics. Relation between intelligence and achievement in mathematics may vary

across different levels of socio-economic levels as three colleges reflected significant

difference among different levels of SES out of live colleges in intelligence and

achievement in mathematics 15 references are cites.

Boccardo (2014) found that the advantage of STEM high school seniors over their

counterparts in non‐STEM schools in terms of STEM course taking and Regents exam

scores was greatly reduced but not eliminated after controlling for student demographic

variables and grade eight achievement scores.

Another Related literature from Ashmos and Duchon (2000), recognizes that

employees have both a mind and a spirit and seek to find meaning and purpose in their

work, and an aspiration to be part of a community, hence making their jobs worthwhile and

motivating them to do at a high level with a view to personal and social development.

However, Baldwinet al. (1991) indicates that individuals with higher pre-training

motivation on the basis of their willingness to attend training have greater learning

outcomes as compared to individuals heaving lower pre-training motivation.

According to NW Klingbeil, et al. (2004), Wright State University (WSU)

redefined the way in which engineering mathematics is taught. With the goal of increasing

10
retention, motivation and success in engineering. The approach begins with the

development of a novel freshman-level engineering mathematics course (EGR 101). The

Course will only address the salient math topics actually used in a variety of core

engineering courses. These include the traditional physics, engineering mechanics, electric

currents and computer programming sequences. It is finally proposed to develop a new

Engineering Calculus Sequence to be taught by the Math Department later on in the

curriculum. The Result will shift the traditional emphasis on math perquisite requirements

to an emphasis on engineering motivation for math, with just in time structuring of the new

math sequence.

Another Related Literature from Caroline Baillie, et. al. (2010) In the engineering

profession we need to reflect continually on the students we are training, their suitability

and ability to become the next generation of engineers, facing an ever-changing future We

need to face our responsibility in helping to develop the skills required for graduates of

tomorrow and ensuring that we are not losing our best students to other professions. A

survey has been conducted at Imperial College highlighting problem areas of students at

risk from demotivation within engineering courses. Forty students who had not completed

their course at the college were surveyed and 10 students were interviewed. The issues they

raised have been analyzed and intervention strategies have been identified which are

presently being developed at the college as part of the ongoing quality improvement of

courses. It is hoped that the approaches discussed can be disseminated further within

Imperial College and to other universities.

11
 In line with Janet G. Donald (2002) Motivation for higher‐order learning and

lifelong learning are essential outcomes in higher education. Students' motivations and

strategies for studying and for their learning goals interact with the learning context. These

relationships suggest new perspectives for research on student learning.

In line with Janet G. Donald (2002) Motivation for higher‐order learning and

lifelong learning are essential outcomes in higher education. Students' motivations and

strategies for studying and for their learning goals interact with the learning context. These

relationships suggest new perspectives for research on student learning.

In Accordance with A Yacob, et al. (2012), Learning and motivation are highly

complex facets of human behavior. Relationships between motivating factors and learning

have been prominent research topic in the field of higher education.

As Reported by Caroline Koh, et al. (2013), The Intervention procedure involved a

60-hour module in mechanical engineering program. Survey findings and post-intervention

assessment outcomes were used to assess the student’s perceptions of their basic

psychological needs, satisfaction, motivation, and performance.

Based on David Fonseca, et al. (2014), on describing the integration of hybrid

interfaces in the workflow using three-dimensional models presenting the results of a

preliminary study based on the profile and the student motivation. The study is conducted

with first year building Engineering Degree students in order to use mobile technologies,

12
augmented reality (AR) and digital sketching (DS) in different case studies. The resources

developed combine traditional methods using mobile devices to show this type of content

with the purpose of enhancing the student’s visualization and their spatial skills and

motivations.

Pursuant to Marian Daun, et al. (2014), Education in Software engineering instructs

sound theoretical concepts together with method competence. It seeks to provide hands-on

experience with the learning content along with insights into its application in practice.

This paper reports on our experience in using realistic industry-oriented case studies in

requirements in engineering course with graduate students. It indicates a strong positive

effect on student motivations as well as the degree of comprehension of the instructed

theoretical material. Comparing the exam results with previous years indicates substantial

improvement in final exam score.

In consonance with Aharon Gero, (2014) The program "Educational Clinic"

was recently developed and implemented at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology.

This one-year program is designed to train engineering students as teaching assistants in

high schools in order to help high school pupils with mathematics and science. The study

described in this paper tracked changes in students' motivation to participate in the program

throughout the year. Data was collected by questionnaires and interviews. The findings

reveal that alongside a fixed high level of extrinsic motivational factors, which reflect

student satisfaction of improving their teaching skills, a considerable increase was found

13
in the level of intrinsic motivational factors, which express the students' interest in the

program.

In agreement with Leslie Mustoe, et. al. (2002) A major problem for engineering

undergraduates is a lack of basic skills in number and algebra. While we seek middle-term

solutions to these problems we must do something for the immediate term. It is suggested

that the other engineering subjects be taught in the first semester in a qualitative way.

According to Orlyn P. Edge, et. al. (2015) Three groups of students at Illinois State

University (of respective sizes 235, 157, and 397) were used as subjects to determine which

factors were significant predictors of success in the first course in calculus. The second and

third groups were used to provide replications of the initial study. Academic independent

variables considered were: ACT scores, high school rank, high school GPA, high school

algebra grades, and the score from an algebra pretest. Biographical independent variables

considered were: sex, birth order, family size, and high school size. The dependent variable

was a function of the student’s course grade in the first semester of calculus. The use of

stepwise and all-subsets regression procedures on the three groups revealed in each case

that the best combination of predictors consisted of birth order, family size, and high school

size. The dependent variable was a function of the student’s course grade in the first

semester of calculus. From this result, the investigators concluded that the combination of

algebraic skills, as represented by the score on the algebra pretest, and long-term

perseverance and competitiveness, as measured by high school rank, play a significant role

in the prediction of achievement in the first semester of calculus.

14
 Likewise, to According to Sunni Newton, et al. (2018) A redesigned curriculum for

teaching engineering graphics was adopted in an introductory mechanical engineering

course. The rollout of this curriculum was staggered, allowing for comparisons of student

perceptions across the newly revised and previous instructional approaches. The new

curriculum borrows from content and pedagogy traditionally employed in industrial design

courses.

Likewise, to Stefanie A. Wind, et al. (2019), Typical approaches to assessing the

student’s understanding of the engineering process include performance assessments that

are time-consuming to score. It is also possible to use multiple choice items to assess the

EDP, but researchers and practitioners often view the diagnostic value of this assessment

format as limited. However, through the use of distractor analysis, it is possible to glean

additional insights into student conceptualizations of complex concepts. Our results

indicated that the students with different levels of achievement have substantively different

conceptualizations of the EDP, where there were different probabilities for selecting

various answer choices among students with low, medium and high relative achievement.

According to Subrata Saha (2007) had conducted “a study on academic

achievement in mathematics in relation to cognitive styles and attitude towards

mathematics”. The boys and girls differed significantly on all the three measures under

consideration. The field independent boys excelled over the field dependent boys

15
significantly in their achievement in mathematics. Similarly, field independent girls also

excelled over the field dependent girls significantly.

According to Rhoads (2004), the increasing flow in the STEM education pipeline

has become a better way to motivate young minds to further their interest in science and

mathematics. However, in the face of an increasing emphasis on STEM education, it is

crucial that the engineering and technology components are not dominated by the stronger

science and mathematics subcultures.

Another literature from Ali (2012), the sustenance of competitive advantage of

nations depends more and more on science and engineering, our primary and secondary

schools seem to have a limitation in producing enough students with the interest,

motivation, and skills they need.

Relenthless to Leongson (2003), reveals that Pilipino students excel in knowledge

acquisition but fare considerably low in lessons requiring higher order thinking skills. This

disappointing condition is evident in the performance of students in national and

international surveys on mathematics and science competencies.

16
 According to Chen (2009), Base on the same cohort of students, results indicate

that only a small percentage of students move into STEM after the first year, with an

additional 6% of undergraduates declaring a stem major after their first year.

Another related literature from Cabahug and Ladot (2005), the University of the

Philippines’ greatest failure is in mathematics. It is also said that repetition in mathematics

is common among UP students that almost one out of three repeat a mathematics course.

Related Study

Foreign:

A study conducted by Mahmud (2001) found that excellent students have high level

of willingness to solve mathematical problems comparing to average and weak students

His finding is also supported by Faridah (2004) that excellent students have high level of

willingness towards problem solving.

As the study of Wheeler, et al. (2013), aim to incorporating writing in engineering

courses. It can move towards several important education goals. Writing allows students

to develop and use critical thinking skills. It enhances active learning and addresses the

needs of students with different learning styles. It is a uniquely powerful tool for assessing

student understanding. Writing becomes particularly useful in engineering education when

demonstrating a process. Similarities between the writing and design processes can be used

to highlight the fact that there is often no single “correct” solution in either and that

17
feedback and revision are often crucial to both. Finally, the status of our profession is

enhanced when engineering graduates can communicate effectively. This paper provides

specific examples of how we have employed writing in our courses over the last three years

and how it has served to enhance outcomes in their courses.

In Patterson et. Al’s study (2003), they found out that male students have a more

positive attitude towards mathematics rather than female students. Another related study

from Effandi and Normah (2009) claim that students believe that males are more successful

at mathematics than their female counterpart.

According to muhsin menekse, et al (2019) Being an effective team member is one

of the key twenty-first century skills and a fundamental proficiency required for jobs and

work settings in an increasingly global economy. Collaborative problem-solving in team

settings is a critical practice in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)

fields as an effective teaching method that is found to promote outcomes associated with

individual student learning and the quality of team solutions.

Malina and Selto (2001) conducted a related study in one corporate setting by using

balance score card (BSC) method and found out that organizational outcomes would be

greater if employees are provided with positive motivation.

Moreover, to Chemers, et. al (2001) had investigated “a study on Academic self-

efficacy and first year college student performance and adjustment”.A longitudinal study

18
of 1st-year university student adjustment examined the effects of academic self-efficacy

and optimism on students' academic performance, stress, health, and commitment to

remain in school. Predictor variables and moderator variables were measured at the end of

the first academic quarter and were related to classroom performance, personal adjustment,

stress, and health, measured at the end of the school year. Academic self-efficacy and

optimism were strongly related to performance and adjustment, both directly on academic

performance and indirectly through expectations and coping perceptions on classroom

performance, stress, health, and overall satisfaction and commitment to remain in school.

Local:

In the study conducted by Ferrer and Dela Cruz (2017), they found out that among

the subject areas in the NCAE, students from the University of the City of Manila

performed better in Science, followed by Mathematics, then English with an average

percentile ranks of 89.5, 88.4, and 86.8, respectively.

According to Mikaela Zulueta (2019), The Department of Science and Technology-

Science Education Institute (DOST-SEI) annually offers scholarship opportunities for

students pursuing a college degree. These Scholarships are allocated for Grade 12 stem

students pursuing a college degree. In college. The DOST-SEI scholarship provides the

following: The Financial assistance of P40,000 per academic year to cover tuition and other

fees “Living allowance of P7,000 per month, Book allowance for P10,000 per academic

year.

19
Research Paradigm

Input Process Output

Family Total Income Survey Questionnaire Readiness Level

Non-Verbal/Logical
Logical Reasoning Test
Reasoning
Questionnaire

Level of Motivation
Level of Motivation Test
Questionnaire
Basic Calculus
Midterm Grade

Based on the input, it shows the different variables needed to find out the percentage

of readiness level of the students. While on the Process, it shows the following methods

in order to gather information. It contains the different questionnaires that will be

answered by the following respondents to gather information. Lastly, the output of the

report is the overall percentage of the readiness level of the students who are taking the

engineering course.

20
Research Hypothesis

Hypothesis #1

There is no significant relationship between level of motivation and logical

reasoning of STEM Students who will take Engineer Course.

Hypothesis #2

There is no significant relationship between level of motivation and Basic Calculus

of STEM Students who will take Engineer Course.

Hypothesis #3

There is no significant relationship between Level of Motivation and Family

Monthly Income of STEM Students who will take Engineering Course.

Hypothesis #4

There is no significant relationship between Logical Reasoning and Basic-Calculus

Achievement of STEM Students who will take Engineering Course.

Hypothesis #5

There is no significant relationship between Logical Reasoning and Family

Monthly Income of STEM Students who will take Engineering Course.

Hypothesis #6

There is no significant relationship between Basic-Calculus Achievement and

Family Monthly Income of STEM Students who will take Engineering Course.

21
Definition of Terms

Demographic – Is the study of a population based on factors such as age, race, and sex

Logical reasoning – Is the process of using a rational, systematic series of steps. Based

on sound mathematical procedures and given statements to arrive at a conclusion

Skill acquisition – Is a specific form of learning. For our purposes, It will be sufficient to

define learning as the representation of information of memory concerning some

environmental or cognitive event. Skill acquisition refers to a form of prolonged learning

about a family of events

Purposive Sampling – is different from convenience sampling and is also known as

judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling

Non-probability sampling – is a sampling technique where the odds of any member

being selected for a sample cannot be calculated.

22
II. METHOD

Design

The research design used in this study entitled “The Assessment on Student

Readiness Level of Stem Student for Engineering Courses”. The researchers use

Descriptive Research Design for this study to know the Logical Reasonings and Readiness

of Grade 12 Stem Students of Muntinlupa National High School-Main.

Respondents

The Researchers used non-probability purposive sampling to gather data from the

Grade 12 STEM students who will take Engineering Course. It is a selected based of a

population and objective of the study. This sampling is useful in the situation that is easy

to reach the target respondents.

Research Instrument

To gather relevant information and data, the researchers used a survey test

questionnaire. It includes the demographic profile, Level of Motivation and Non-Verbal

Reasoning. In the first part, the demographic profile consists of the name, age, gender,

pursue engineering courses, Family total monthly income, and basic calculus midterm

grade. The Second part of the survey questionnaire in level of motivation consists of 11

item questions, while in non-verbal/Logical has a 7 item questions. The researchers chose

the survey questionnaires because it is accurate to the researcher’s topic.

23
Data Collection Procedure

In this section is the process of gathering and measuring information on the target

variables in systematic step.

1. The researchers created a consent on asking the permission of the respondents to be

part of the study. The consent will also serve as a permission on conducting survey

test questionnaire by the researchers.

2. The researchers conduct a survey test questionnaire to the STEM grade 12 students

who will take engineering course

3. The researchers evaluate and interpret the data collected from the conducted survey.

Synthesis

Based on the overall related literature and study, it consisted many important

details that will serve as a support to the topic and serve as complete evidence. One of the

related literatures which is Vuori and Okkenen (2012), it stated the motivation helps to

share knowledge through an intra-organization to reach its goals and objectives. Meaning

to say that with the help of motivation in our lives, we can accomplish the different goals

in our life. Another related literature from Bailin (2002) defines critical thinking as

thinking of a particular quality essentially good thinking that meets specified criteria or

standards of adequacy and accuracy. According to Facione (2000) defines critical

thinking dispositions as “consistent internal motivations to act towards or respond to

24
persons, events, or circumstances in habitual, yet potentially malleable ways. In this

regarded Malcolm et al. (2000) in their literature review suggest that when investigating

factors that facilitate achievement in science and mathematics, the chapter concludes with

some learning theories relevant. Aswal, (2001) had investigated “A study on intelligence

as a correlate of achievement in mathematics across different levels of socio-economic

status”. Boccardo (2014) found that the advantage of STEM high school seniors over

their counterparts in non-STEM schools in terms of STEM course taking and regents

exam scores was greatly reduced but not eliminated after controlling for student

demographic variables and grade eight achievement scores. Ashmos and Duchon (2000),

recognizes that employees have both a mind and spirit and seek to find the meaning and

purpose in their work, and an aspiration to be part of a community, hence making their

jobs worthwhile and motivating them to do at a high level with a view to personal and

social development.

25
Data Analysis

To obtain answers for the study's treatment of the problem, and the

interpretation of data, the following statistical tools will be going to be use;

Frequency and Percentage will be use in determining the profiles of the respondents in

terms of demographic variables (Name, age, sex, pursue engineering courses, total family

monthly income, basic-calculus midterm grade, level of motivation, non-verbal/logical

reasoning).

FORMULA: % = f/N (100) Where: f= Frequency N= number of cases

To determine the average score in each variable of the working condition and academic

performance, weighted mean will be use; Formula: Σwx/Σw Where: Σ = the sum of w =

the weights. x = the value.

26
III. RESULT

It includes presentation of the findings thru organize, classify, analyze and (if

relevant) categorize. It should explain and interpret (e.g., differences between various

studies). And, asses and evaluate. Infer and explain patterns and themes from data. What

patterns of themes could be drawn out of the data you have gathered?

<insert the title for Statement of the Problem 1>

Student’s Anxiety towards Research

Table 1

Result of the Anxiety of the Students

Level Number of students Percentage

High 75 35.55%

Moderate 94 44.55%

27
 Low 42 19.9%

* High = 55-75; Moderate = 35 -54; and Low = 15 – 34.

<end of page>

IV. DISCUSSION
In this part should discuss the results of your study/project.

Is it possible to generalize? Make comparisons with other studies. Relate your

findings with relevant literature. Compare and contrast your findings with other existing

data. Do your findings agree with other literature? Are there alternative explanations? What

are the strong and weak aspects of your paper? What are the practical implications? Is more

research needed to make recommendations (to be applied in practice)? Did you find out

anything new? Are your finding different?

The portion that gives meaning to your research and your results. The objective of

this section is to examine the results, determine whether they solve the research question,

compare them within themselves and to other results (from literature), explain and interpret

them, and then draw conclusions or derive generalizations, and make recommendations for

applying the results or for further research.

28
 The first part should discuss the result of each specific research problem follow by

the conclusion and recommendation

Write recommendations for beneficiaries of results of study cited in Significance

of Study.

<end of page>

References

Follow the APA, 6th Edition style for referencing.

Research Participant Registry. (n.d). Retrieved July 21, 2018 from

https://www.researchregistry.pitt.edu/files/faqs.pdf

Appendices

Student Profile

GANNT CHART

TO BE COMPLETED ( weeks )

July August September October

Tasks 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

Proposal Writing

Research Matrix

Research Instrument

Data Collection

Coding

29
Data Analysis

Report / First

Report / Final

Typing
Submission of Research
Report

30