त्रिकोणमितीय सर्वसमिकाओं की सूची - विकिपीडिया

कोण मतीय
सवस मका क सूची
कोण मतीय सवस मकाएँ, चर के कोण मतीय

फलन के पम समताय होती ह।
Keep track of this page and all changes to it.
लॉग इन कर
All of the trigonometric functions of an angle θ can be
साइन अप कर
constructed geometrically in terms of a unit circle
constructed geometrically in terms of a unit circle
centered at O.
The unit circle
यु संकेत (Notation) के बारे म

To avoid the confusion caused by the
ambiguity of sin−1(x), the reciprocals and
inverses of trigonometric functions are
often displayed as in this table. In
representing the cosecant function, the
longer form 'cosec' is sometimes used in
place of 'csc'.
Function Inverse function Reciprocal Inverse reciprocal
sine sin arcsine arcsin cosecant csc arccosecant arccsc
cosine cos arccosine arccos secant sec arcsecant arcsec
tangent tan arctangent arctan cotangent cot arccotangent arccot
Different angular measures can be

appropriate in different situations. This
table shows some of the more common
systems. Radians is the default angular
measure and is the one you use if you use
the exponential definitions. All angular
measures are unitless.
Degrees 30 45 60 90 120 180 270 360

Radians
Grads 33 ⅓ 50 66 ⅔ 100 133 ⅓ 200 300 400
मौ लक स ब ध
Pythagorean trigonometric identity [1]
Ratio identity [1]
From the two identities above, the

following table can be extrapolated. Note
however that these conversion equations
may not provide the correct sign (+ or −).
For example, if sin θ = 1/2, the conversion
in the table indicates that
, though it is
possible that . More
information would be needed about which
quadrant θ lies in to determine a single,
exact answer.
TRIGNOMETRY IMPORTANT FORMULAS
T. R. sin cos tan cosec sec cot
ऐ तहा सक पृ भू म
Rarely used today, the versine, coversine,
haversine, and exsecant have been defined
as below and used in navigation, for
example the haversine formula was used
to calculateKeep
the distance between two
track of this page and all changes to it.
points on a sphere.लॉग इन कर
नाम मान
सम म त, अनतर एवं आवतन

(Symmetry, shifts, and
periodicity)
इकाई वृ (unit circle) का परी ण करके हम
कोण म ीय फलन के न न ल खत गुण को था पत
कर सकते ह:
सम म त (Symmetry)
When the trigonometric functions are

reflected from certain values of , The
result is often one of the other
trigonometric functions. This leads to the
following identities:
Reflected in Reflected in Reflected in
आवतता (periodicity)
By shifting the function round by certain

angles, it is often possible to find different
trigonometric functions that express the
result more simply. Some examples of this
are given shown by shifting functions
round by π/2, π and 2π radians. Because
the periods of theseलॉगfunctions

इन कर are either π
or 2π, there are cases where the new
function is exactly the same as the old
function without the shift.
Shift by π Shift by 2π
Shift by π/2
Period for tan and cot Period for sin, cos, csc and sec
कोण के योग और अ तर क
सवस मकाएँ (Angle sum and
difference identities)
इनको योग एवं अ तर के सू भी कहते ह। इनको
यूलर के सू क सहायता से बडी आसानी से स
कया जा सकता है।
Note: From Plus-minus sign#Minus-plus

Sine [2] sign.
Cosine [2]
[2]
Tangent
अन त पद के योग क या एवं को या
(Sines and cosines of sums of infinitely

many terms)
where "|A| = k" means the index A runs
through the set of all subsets of size k of
the set { 1, 2, 3, ... }.
In these two identities an asymmetry

appears that is not seen in the case of
sums of finitely many terms: in each
product, there are only finitely many sine
factors and cofinitely many cosine factors.
If only finitely many of the terms θi are

nonzero, then only finitely many of the
terms on the right side will be nonzero
because sine factors will

साइन अप कर vanish, and in
each term, all but finitely many of the
cosine factors will be unity.
अनेक क तु सी मत पद के योग क
पश या
(Tangents of sums of finitely many terms)
Let xi = tan(θi ), for i = 1, ..., n. Let ek be the

kth-degree elementary symmetric
polynomial in the variables xi, i = 1, ..., n,
k = 0, ..., n. Then

the number of terms depending on n.
उदाहर के लये,
आ द आ द। इसक सामा य थ त (general case)

ग णतीय नगमन (mathematical induction) क
सहायता से स कया जा सकता है।
कोण के गुणज के कोण म ीय

अनुपात साइन अप कर
(Multiple-angle formulae)
[3]
Tn nवाँ चे वशेव ब पद (Chebyshev polynomial) है।
Sn nवाँ spread polynomial है।
द मायवर का सू (de Moivre's formula), का प नक इकाई

(Imaginary unit) है।
(x के इस फलन (फं शन) को ड रचलेट कनल

(Dirichlet kernel) कहते ह।
दोगुना, तगुना एवं आधे कोण के सू
(Double-, triple-, and half-angle formulae)
इ ह योग एवं अ तर क सवस मका क सहायता से

या गुणज-कोण क सवसलॉगमका
इन कर
क सहायता से
द शत ( स ) कया जासाइनसकता
अप कर है।
Double-angle formulae[4]
Triple-angle formulae[3]
Half-angle formulae[5]
See also Tangent half-angle formula.
यूलर का अन त गुणनफल
(Euler's infinite product )

घातांक कम करने का सू
(Power-reduction formulae)
इ ह को या -गुण कोण सू के तीय एवं तृतीय प

का योग करके ा त कया जा सकता है।
Sine
Cosine
Other
गुनफल-से-योग तथा योग-से-गुणनफल

क सवस मकाएँ
(Product-to-sum and sum-to-product
identities) साइन अप कर
Product-to-sum Sum-to-product
अ य स ब धत सवस मकाएँ
If x, y, and z are the three angles of any

triangle, or in other words
(If any of x, y, z is a right angle, one should

take both sides
Keep trackto be
of this page∞.
and allThis
changes tois
it. neither
+∞ nor −∞; for present

purposes it makes
sense to add just one point at infinity to
the real line, that is approached by tan(θ)
as tan(θ) either increases through positive
values or decreases through negative
values. This is a one-point
compactification of the real line.)
टोलेमी का मेय (Ptolemy's theorem)
(The first three equalities are trivial; the
fourth is the substance of this identity.)
Essentially this is Ptolemy's theorem
adapted to the language of trigonometry.
Linear combinations
For some purposes it is important to know
that any linear combination of sine waves
of the same period but different phase
shifts is also a sine wave with the same
period, but a different phase shift. In the
case of a linear combination of a sine and
cosine wave, we have
where
More generally, for an arbitrary phase shift,

we have
where
and
note: arcsin, arccos, arctan are all
inverses.
Other sums of trigonometric

functions
Sum of sines and cosines with arguments
in arithmetic progression:
For any a and b:

where arctan(y, x) is the generalization of
arctan(y/x) which covers the entire circular
range (see also the account of this same
identity in "symmetry, periodicity, and
shifts" above for this generalization of
arctan).
The above identity is sometimes

convenient to know when thinking about
the Gudermanian function.
If x, y, and z are the three angles of any

triangle, i.e. if x + y + z = π, then
ु म कोण म ीय फलन
(Inverse trigonometric functions)
पास नह कर पाये ( स टै स ु ट):

{\displaystyle
\2arcsin(1/2)+\2arccos(-1/2)+3tan(-1)
=\pi/2\;}
Compositions of trig and inverse

trig functions
Relation to the complex
exponential function
(Euler's
formula), लॉग इन कर
where i² = −1.
"cis"
साँचा:Split-section Occasionally one sees

the notation
<math>\operatorname{cis}(x) = \cos(x)
+ i\sin(x),\,</math>
i.e. "cis" abbreviates
"cos + i sin".
Though at first glance this notation is

redundant, being equivalent to
eix, its use is rooted in several
advantages.
Convenience
This notation was more common in the

post WWII era when typewriters were used
to convey mathematical expressions.
Superscripts are both offset vertically and
smaller than 'cis' or 'exp'; hence, they can
be problematic even for hand writing. For
example e ix²
versus cis(x²)
versus exp(ix²). For many readers, cis(x²)
is the clearest, easiest to read of the three.
The cis notation is sometimes used to

emphasize one method of viewing and
dealing with a problem over another. The
mathematics of trigonometry and
exponentials are related but not exactly
the same; exponential notation
emphasizes the whole, whereas cis and
cos + i sin notations
emphasize the parts. This can be
rhetorically useful to mathematicians and
engineers when discussing this function,
and further Keep
servetrack of as a and
this page mnemonic
all changes to it. (for
cos + i sin).
The cis notation is convenient for math
students whose knowledge of
trigonometry and complex numbers permit
this notation, but whose conceptual
understanding doesn't yet permit the
notation e ix. As students
learn concepts that build on prior
knowledge, it is important not to force
them into levels of math they are not yet
prepared for.
Pedagogy
In some contexts, the cis notation may

serve the pedagogical purpose of
emphasizing that one

लॉग इनhas
कर not yet proved
that this is an exponential function. In
doing trigonometry without complex
numbers, one may prove the two identities
<math>\cos(x+y) = \cos(x)\cos(y) -
\sin(x)\sin(y) = c_1 c_2 - s_1 s_2,\,
</math>
<math>\sin(x+y) = \sin(x)\cos(y) +
\cos(x)\sin(y) = s_1 c_2 + c_1 s_2.\,
</math>
Similarly in treating multiplication of

complex numbers (with no involvement of
trigonometry), one may observe that the
real and imaginary parts of the product of
c1 + is1</s
ub> and साइन अप कर
c2 + is2</s
ub> are respectively
<math>c_1 c_2 - s_1 s_2,\,</math>

<math>s_1 c_2 + c_1 s_2.\,</math>
Thus one sees this same pattern arising in

two disparate contexts:
trigonometry without complex numbers,

and
complex numbers without trigonometry.
This coincidence can serve as a

motivation for conjoining the two contexts
and thereby discovering the trigonometric
identity
<math>\operatorname{cis}(x+y) =
\operatorname{cis}
(x)\operatorname{cis}(y),\,</math>
and observing that this identity for cis of a

sum is simpler than the identities for sin
and cos of a sum. Having proved this
identity, one can challenge the students to
recall which familiar sort of function
satisfies this same functional equation
<math>f(x+y) = f(x)f(y).\,</math>
The answer is exponential functions. That

suggests that cis may be an exponential
function
<math>\operatorname{cis}(x) = b^x.\,
</math>
Then the question is: what is the base b?

The definition of cis and the local behavior
of sin and cos near zero suggest that
<math>\operatorname{cis}(0+dx) =
\operatorname{cis}(0) + i\,dx,</math>
(where dx is an infinitesimal increment of

x). Thus the rate of change at 0 is i, so the
base should be ei. Thus if this
is an exponential function, then it must be
<math>\operatorname{cis}(x) = e^{ix}.\,
</math> Keep track of this page and all changes to it.
अन त गुणनफल का सू
(Infinite product formula)
For applications to special functions, the

following infinite product formulæ for
trigonometric functions are useful:
The Gudermannian function
The Gudermannian function relates the
circular and hyperbolic trigonometric

functions without resorting to complex
numbers; see that article for details.
Identities without variables

The curious identity
is a special case of an identity that

contains one variable:
A similar-looking identity is
and in addition
The following is perhaps not as readily

generalized to an identity containing
variables:
Degree measure ceases to be more

felicitous than radian measure when we
consider this identity with 21 in the
denominators:
The factors 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10 may start to
make the pattern clear: they are those
integers less than 21/2 that are relatively
prime to (or have no prime factors in
common with) 21. The last several
examples are corollaries of a basic fact
about the irreducible cyclotomic
polynomials: the cosines are the real parts
of the zeroes of those polynomials; the
sum of the zeroes is the Möbius function
evaluated at (in theलॉग

very
इन कर last case above)
21; only half of the zeroes are present
above. The two identities preceding this
last one arise in the same fashion with 21
replaced by 10 and 15, respectively.
An efficient way to compute π is based on

the following identity without variables,
due to Machin:
or, alternatively, by using Euler's formula:
With the golden ratio φ:
Also see exact trigonometric constants.
चलन-कलन (Calculus)
In calculus the relations stated below
require angles to be measured in radians;
the relations would become more
complicated if angles were measured in
another unit such as degrees. If the
trigonometric functions
are defined in
terms of geometry, their derivatives can be
found by verifying two limits. The first is:
verified using the unit circle and squeeze

theorem. It may be tempting to propose to
use L'Hôpital's rule to establish this limit.
However, if one uses this limit in order to
prove that the derivative of the sine is the
cosine, and then uses the fact that the
derivative of the sine is the cosine in
applying L'Hôpital's rule, one is reasoning
circularly—a logical fallacy. The second
limit is: Keep track of this page and all changes to it.
verified using the identity
tan(x/2) = (1 − cos(x))/sin(x). Having
established these two limits, one can use
the limit definition of the derivative and the
addition theorems to show that sin′
(x) = cos(x) and cos′(x) = −sin(x). If the
sine and cosine functions are defined by
their Taylor series, then the derivatives can
be found by differentiating the power
series term-by-term.
The rest of the trigonometric functions
can be differentiated using the above
identities and the rules of derivative:
[6] लॉग इन कर
The integral identities can be found in "list
of integrals of trigonometric functions".
Implications
The fact that the differentiation of

trigonometric functions (sine and cosine)
results in linear combinations of the same
two functions is of fundamental
importance to many fields of
mathematics, including differential
equations and fourier transformations.
चरघातांक वाली प रभाषाएँ

(Exponential definitions)
फलन (Function) ु म फलन (Inverse Function)
व वध
ड र लेट् कनल् (Dirichlet kernel)
The Dirichlet kernel Dn(x) is the function

occurring on both sides of the next
identity: Keep track of this page and all changes to it.
The convolution of any integrable function
of period 2π with the Dirichlet kernel
coincides with the function's nth-degree
Fourier approximation. The same holds for
any measure or generalized function.
अध कोण के सू का प रवधन
(Extension of half-angle formulae)
य द हम
रख तो, साइन अप कर

and and

जहाँ eix और cis(x) एक ही चीज ह।
उपरो सू कैलकुलस म sin(x) और cos(x) के

rational functions के समाकलन करने म उपयोगी
होते ह।
इ ह भी दे ख
कोण म त
कोण म त के उपयोग
को या का नयम (Law of cosines)
या का नयम (Law लॉग
ofइनsines)
कर
पश या का नयम (Law of tangents)
पाइथागोरस मेय (Pythagorean theorem)
स दभ
1. ए रक ड यू वेइसट न, मैथव ड पर
Trigonometry
2. ए रक ड यू वेइसट न, मैथव ड पर
Trigonometric Addition Formulas
3. ए रक ड यू वेइसट न, मैथव ड पर Multiple-
Angle Formulas
4. ए रक ड यू वेइसट न, मैथव ड पर Double-
Angle Formulas
5. ए रक ड यू वेइसट न, मैथव ड पर Half-
Angle Formulas
6. Finney, Ross (2003). Calculus :
Graphical, Numerical, Algebraic.
Glenview, Illinois: Prentice Hall.
पपृ॰ 159–161. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 0-13-
063131-0.
बाहरी क ड़याँ
"https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title= कोण मतीय_सवस मका _क _सूची&oldid=427601
8" से लया गया
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कोण मतीय

सवस मका क सूची

कोण मतीय सवस मकाएँ, चर के कोण मतीय

Keep track of this page and all changes to it.

The unit circle

यु संकेत (Notation) के बारे म

Function Inverse function Reciprocal Inverse reciprocal

sine sin arcsine arcsin cosecant csc arccosecant arccsc

cosine cos arccosine arccos secant sec arcsecant arcsec

tangent tan arctangent arctan cotangent cot arccotangent arccot

Different angular measures can be

Degrees 30 45 60 90 120 180 270 360

Ratio identity [1]

From the two identities above, the

सम म त, अनतर एवं आवतन

When the trigonometric functions are

Reflected in Reflected in Reflected in

By shifting the function round by certain

the periods of theseलॉगfunctions

Keep track of this page and all changes to it.

Note: From Plus-minus sign#Minus-plus

(Sines and cosines of sums of inﬁnitely

Keep track of this page and all changes to it.

In these two identities an asymmetry

If only ﬁnitely many of the terms θi are

because sine factors will

(Tangents of sums of ﬁnitely many terms)

Let xi = tan(θi ), for i = 1, ..., n. Let ek be the

Keep track of this page and all changes to it.

आ द आ द। इसक सामा य थ त (general case)

कोण के गुणज के कोण म ीय

Sn nवाँ spread polynomial है।

द मायवर का सू (de Moivre's formula), का प नक इकाई

(x के इस फलन (फं शन) को ड रचलेट कनल

दोगुना, तगुना एवं आधे कोण के सू

(Double-, triple-, and half-angle formulae)

इ ह योग एवं अ तर क सवस मका क सहायता से

See also Tangent half-angle formula.

(Euler's inﬁnite product )

इ ह को या -गुण कोण सू के तीय एवं तृतीय प

गुनफल-से-योग तथा योग-से-गुणनफल

If x, y, and z are the three angles of any

(If any of x, y, z is a right angle, one should

+∞ nor −∞; for present

टोलेमी का मेय (Ptolemy's theorem)

Keep track of this page and all changes to it.

Keep track of this page and all changes to it.

More generally, for an arbitrary phase shift,

Keep track of this page and all changes to it.

Other sums of trigonometric

For any a and b:

The above identity is sometimes

If x, y, and z are the three angles of any

पास नह कर पाये ( स टै स ु ट):

Compositions of trig and inverse

Keep track of this page and all changes to it.

साँचा:Split-section Occasionally one sees

Though at ﬁrst glance this notation is

This notation was more common in the

The cis notation is sometimes used to

In some contexts, the cis notation may

emphasizing that one

Similarly in treating multiplication of

<math>c_1 c_2 - s_1 s_2,\,</math>