PROBLEM 7.40 IKNOWN: Geometry and dimensions of three pin fins. Velocity and temperature of air in cross flow. FIND: Which fin has the largest heat transfer rate, SCHEMATIC: D=15mm — — — VT. VTS. VT. Configuration A. ‘Configuration B (Configuration C V= 10 ms for alll cases ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state, (2) Constant properties, (3) Fins can be treated as infinitely long, (4) Presence of fin base doesn’t affect heat transfer coefficients. PROPERTIES: Table 4-4 Air (T= 350 Ky. v, = 2092 x 10% mils ANALYSIS: For infinitely long fins, the fin heat transfer rate is given by Equation 3.85: = iPEL a, Incvery casc, the heat transfer cocflicient is found from a correlation of the form, Nuo = CRe7Pr'”, thus Fy Piscres PrP 2, D oo ‘where subscript a refers to air properties. Since each fin has the same cross-sectional area, the ‘petumctcs thet vary ftom Onc configuration tr another are D.C: sp. mand P. Ths, is fc ‘to examine the combination parameter CRe;P / D to determine which fin has the largest heat transfer rate. ‘The cross-sectional area of the circular cylinder is 4. = nD"/4, Thus the dimension of the square, D.. 5D) /2.= x°7(15 mm) /2=13. 3mm. The dimension of the diamond is the same. however D, is defined differently. Referring to Table 73,D, =2°D, =2'7(133 mm) =188 mm ‘The perimeters are P, = x) =47.1 mm for the circular cylinder and P, = P, = 4D, = $3.2 mm for both the square and diamond configurations. ‘The Reynolds number can be calculated from Re= VD/v., then C and m can be found from Tables 7.2 ‘and 73 for the different configurations. The results are tabulated below for all three configurations. A line has been included to represent the heat transfer coefficient, which is proportional to CRe3 / D Continued...PROBLEM 7.40 (Cont) ‘Configuration A Configuration B Configuration © (circular) (square) (diamond) 1s 133 188 a1 332 532 7170, 6358 5587 0.193 0.158 0305 on 0.66 O39 Res | Dem!) ~h 3106 3846 MIB ChePD~q, 146 205 185 For fins of equal mass, the square fin configuration has the largest heat transfer rate. < ‘COMMENTS: (1) For the same cross-sectional area, the square and diamoad configurations have larger perimeters than the circular cylinder, which contributes to the larger heat transfer rate. (2) For the same cross-sectional area, the square and diamond configurations have larger heat transfer ‘coefficients, which also contributes to the larger heat transfer rates.PROBLEM 7.57 KNOWN: Temperature, diameter, and velocity of oil droplets in air, Air temperature FIND: Heat transfer rate from oil to air for two droplets before and after coalescence. SCHEMATIC: D, = 100 um = Plibtite Before ail droplet colison ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state incompressible flow conditions, (2) Constant properties, (3) Negligible radiation effects, (4) Oil droplets are freely falling PROPERTIES: Table 4-4, Air, (T= 300K): = 184.6 x 107 Nim’, v= 15.89 x 10° m’is, k= 000263 Wink, Pr=0.707 ANALYSIS: The Ranz and Marshall correlation, Equation 7.57, can be used for freely falling drops. Before coalescence, evaluating properties at the freestream temperature as indicated in Table 7.7, VD _$ misx100x10*m v 15.89%10*m'/s Nuto = 2 + 0.6Re} Pr'?2 + 0.6x(31.5) 70.707)" ‘ok ( D = $.00x 0.0263 Wim -K /10010* m=1310 Wim? -K 15 And the heat transfer rate from two droplets before coalescence is Goetae = 2h. (TF, -T,)= 21310 Wim" Kx2(100%10* m)(250-27)K = 0.0184 W< Afier coalescence the new diameter and Reynolds number can be found: 2D 6 = 2 <100x10* m=126x10* m _F Dg. _ Siws%126x10%m Re, vy 1S 89x10 m/s =396PROBLEM 7.57 (Cont) Nun =2 + 0.6Res, Pr'?2+0.6x(39.6)' "(0.707)" =5.37 fo / Dg, = 5.37%0,0263 Wim: K (12610 m=1120 Wi And the heat transfer rate from one large droplet after coalescence is ae = Neg. ®DZ_AT, -T_) = 1120 Wim? -K x (126 x10 m)(230-27)K = 0.0125 W< (COMMENTS: (1) The larger droplet has.a 32% lower beat transfer rate than two smaller droplets, duc to both a lower heat transfer coefficient and a lower surface area. (2) The radiation heat transfer rate can be estimated by assuming that the surroundings are at 27°C and the emissivity is unity. The result is approximately 0.0002 W in both cases, which is negligible compared to the convection heat loss rate.Fluid) luid Properies at T_Film Density Specific Heat Dynamic Viscosity Conductivity Enter Fluid # in Cell C1 Purr) a Free Strearn Velocity Free Stream Ternperature: Plate Surface Temperature Plate Length Plate Width Kinematic Viscosity Git ko Prandtl Number Re,, = B= 5x10 # Critical x Distance from Sharp Edge of Plate wD _¥D Reynolds Nuniber @ 2 5 = Sx Rez'?| Velocity BL Thickness 6, =6Pr° | Thermal BL Thickness fia = AZ a oan PM Pr 06 Tocal Nusselt Number Local Heat Trans Coef Local Heat Flurc Local Friction Coefficient Average Nu from 0 tox hLbar @ xe Laminar Plate Area gover Laminar Portion Fromm x = 0 to xe: L w kin_vise Pr x_critical dist_x Fe_x 5 at Nux: x. g’x Ohx Nu_bar har Area_Lam alam aad BSSE-IG mals 5.936 +01 0.4293] om 5.82E+05) MIXED 1.301E+01| mm 1301E+01| mm 4698.3 5.7601 | wimek BEERS | wine B70E-04] upane 5 [Transfer (Heat Rate} Over Laminar Boundary Layer 820.4 2.599 wimak 2M7E me 61374 w42 43 44 45 45 47 48 43 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 ET 55 53 50 51 Be 5S. Bd 55 55 87 5B 5 70. 1 72 73 74 5 6 Tt 78 73 ES at 2 a3 E Wim2.k wim wim. wim. wima.k wim wim A 5 c o Local Heat Flux at end of Plate @ x=L MIXED FLOW Reynolds @ x-L/ Re 1184878 Nusselt @xsL Nu 8,780.2 Local HT Coaf he @x-L he 504.5 Local Heat Flux @x=L gi SG1583 Total Heat Transfer (Heat Rate) Over Whole Plate MIXED FLOW Reynolds @ x-L| Re x-L 1764,678 Nu_Mixed Flow NuBar_L 6.471 hbar Over Plate Length LAbar_L 4787 Total Heat Transfer Over Whole Plate q_tolal 230,849 Heat Transfer Over Turbulent Boundary Layer qTotal-qLaminar) —q_Turb 8.475 pat Transfer Over the Plate from a Distance x1 to x2 PlateLength @ x1 dist_xt 0300 Plate Length @ x2 dist_»x2 0.700] Flow Condition at x1 LAMINAR Flow Concition at x2 MIXED Re@x1 Rest 3.49E+06 Re@x2 Re xd 8. 15E+05 Local Nu att NuLxd 7o0.9 Average Nu from Oto xt Nubar_xt 15217 Local Nuatx2— Nu_x2 6495 Average Nu from Oto x2 Nubar_x2 4,308.7 Local atx] hx 1555 Average h from Ota x? hbar_x1 30a Localhatx2 hx 5.385 Average hfrom Oto x2 hbar_<2 3773 Heat Flux qi_at xl wine Heat Rate Lupia_x1 51205 Heat Flux q'al_x2 592,378 Heat Rate q_upto_x2 145.268 Heat Pate fram x1to x2, q_x1_ta_x2 93,963PROBLEM 7.43 KNOWN: Dimension and initial temperature of long aluminum tods of square cross-section Velocity and temperature of air in cross flow. Rod emissivity and surroundings temperature. FIND: Which orientation of the rod relative to the cross flow should be used to minimize the time needed for the rods to reach a temperature of 60°C. Required cooling time for preferred configuration SCHEMATIC ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Constant properties. PROPERTIES: Table4-4, Air (= 400K): v=26.41 10* m'/s, = 0.0338 WimK, Pr = 0.690. Table 4-1, Pure aluminum (T= $00 K): p, =2702 kg/m’, c,.. = 991 Wkg-K, k. =235 Wim-K. ANALYSIS: The heat transfer coefficient can be calculated from Equation 7.52, with the dimension Didefined differently for the two configurations, as shown in Table 7.3. When the air flows perpendicular toa face of the rod, D=d=0.025 m, Rep = FDIv=8 mis x 0.025 m26.41 * 10° m'/s = 7573, and from Table 73, 0.158 and m= 0.66. Thus, Fcnezee* -AER EE, 158(7573)"™(0.69)" = 68.6 Wim? -K. 002s When the rod is rotated so that it presents an edge to the flaw, D. *? 5 1025 m = 0.0354 m, Rey = VDiv=8 mis «0.0354 m/26.41 x 10° mis = 10,710, and from Table 7.3, C= 0.304 and m= 0.59. Thus, 0.0338 Wim. 00354 m 0.304(10, 710)" (0.69)"" = 12 Wim? K Radition will affect both rods in the same way, therefore the rod with the larger value of convection heat transfer coefficient will cool faster. The rod should be oriented with a face perpendicular to the flow in order to minimize the cooling time. < The importance of radiation can be estimated by calculating the radiation heat flux at the initial time, cas = 600(T! —TE )= 0.15.67 10% Wim? -K* x[ (673 Ky’ ~(293 Ky*] = 1120 Wim? The initial convection heat transfer flux is 9_,, = B(T, ~T_) = 68.6 Wim" -K x (400°C — 30°C) = 25,380 Wim" Since the radiation heat transfer rate is only around 4% initially, and will decrease in relative importance with time, radiation can be neglected in a calculation of the cooling time. ‘Continued.PROBLEM 7.43 (Cont) The cooling process can be modeled using the lumped capacitance approximation, provided the Biot sumber is small. Using a characteristic length of [= V4, = d!4 = 0.00625 m, the Biot mumber is Tk _ 68.6 Wim’ -K «0.00625 m Bi zk 235 Wim-K. = 0.0018 ‘Therefore, the lumped capacitance approximation is valid and the cooling time is given by Equation 55. 2702 kg'm x0.025 m x99 Jike 4686 Win -K COMMENTS: 1//T was used to solve this problem including the effect of radiation. The required cooling time, including radiation, is 601 s. Inclusion of radiation has a minor effect om the cooling time, as expected.