DIRECT AND INDIRECT

LECTURER :
Fitri Farhana, S.PD

ARRANGED BY :
Elin Herlina
Rahma Dinda Awaliyah
Rovina Alisa S

SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN PAMENTAS

D-III KEPERAWATAN
2018/ 2019
 PREPACE

We are grateful for the presence of Allah SWT. Because with grace we can finish
the paper on time. With the title “DIRECT AND INDIRECT”.
The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by Miss .
Fitri Farhana S.Pd as lecturer in english language .
in arranging this paper, the writer trully get lots challenges and obstructions but
with help of many indiviuals, those obstructions could passed. writer also realized
there are still many mistakes in process of writing this paper.
because of that, the writer says thank you to all individuals who helps in the process
of writing this paper.the writer realized tha this paper still imperfect in arrangment
and the content. then the writer hope the criticism from the readers can help the
writer in perfecting the next paper.last but not the least Hopefully, this paper can
helps the readers to gain more knowledge about direct and indirect.

Jakarta, December 2018

Author
 DIRECT AND INDIRECT

A. Sense
1. Direct

Direct speech is also called quoted speech or direct narration. Direct speech
refers exactly what someone has said. Direct speech appear within quotation marks
(".."). A comma is used before starting the exact quote within the quotation marks.
Direct speech should be word for word. The first letter of the quotation begins with
a capital letter.

Direct speech is a sentence that is spoken directly by the speaker.

Direct speech adalah bentuk kalimat kutipan asli dari pembicara atau
pendapat seseorang tanpa mengalami perubahan.

2. Indirect

Indirect speech is also called reported speech or indirect narration. Indirect

speech does not refer exactly what someone has said. Indirect speech doesn't appear
within quotation marks but the word "that" may be used as a conjunction between
the reporting verb and reported speech. Indirect speech shouldn't be word for word.
Pronoun in indirect speech is changed according to speaker and hearer.

Indirect speech are sentences that say / report back someone's words
without changing the intent or contents of the speaker's words. Indirect speech can
also be called reported speech .
Indirect speech/ reported speech adalah kalimat tidak langsung atau
kalimat orang lain yang diulangi dalam bentuk lain oleh pembicara, tanpa
menggunakan bentuk yang sama (the exact word of the speaker), tapi masih
mempertahankan maksud atau isi kalimat aslinya.
B. Sentence

No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech

1. Present Tense
2. Present Continuous
3. Past Tense
4. Past Continuous
5. Present Perfect
6. Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
7. Present Future
(Simple/Continuous)
8. Past Future Tense
(Simple/Continuous)
Past Tense
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
(Had + Verb-3)
Past Perfect Continuous
(had been + verb-ing)
Past Perfect
Past Future Tense
(Simple/ Continuous)
Past Perfect Tense
(Simple/Continuous)

C. Example Sentence

1. Present tense become Past tense

Direct : Andre said, “ I study every day.”
Indirect : Andre said that he studied every day.

2. Present continuous become Past continuous

Direct : Riana told me, “Tom is working now.”
Indirect : Riana told me that Tom was working then.

3. Pas tense become Past perfect

Direct : Jeni told me, “I made a cake yesterday.”
Indirect : Jeni told me that she had made a cake the day before.

4. Past continuous became Past perfect continuous

Direct :
Indirect :
5. Present perfect became Past perfect
Direct : Zaki told me, “I have broken a window.”
Indirect : Zaki told me thet he had broken a window.

6. Present perfect continuous become Past perfect continuous

Direct :
Indirect :

7. Simple Present Future become Past future tense

Direct : Simon said, “I shall go camping tomorrow.”
Indirect : Simon said that he would go camping the following day.

8. Past future tense become past perfect tense

Direct : Hanna told me, “I should clean the room.”
Indirect : Hanna told me that she would have cleaned the room.

It should be noted that the following words can change

This Menjadi That
Here Menjadi There
Now Menjadi Then
Ago Menjadi Before
Yesterday Menjadi The day before
Tomorrow Menjadi The following day
Next week Menjadi The following week

*Example
 Direct : David said, “ I like this tie”
Indirect : David said that he liked that tie.
 Direct : The man said, “You have to wait here.”
Indirect : The man said that i had to wait there.
  Direct : Metty told me, “Arman is sleeping now.”
Inirect : Metty told me that Anton was sleeping then.
 Direct : Tini told me, “I arrived an hour ago”
Indirect : Tini told me that she had arrived an hour before.
 Direct : Mila told me, “I eat fish yesterday”
Indirect : Mila told me that she had eaten fish the day before
 Direct : Roby said, “I shall travel tomorrow”
Indirect : Roby said that he would travell the following week
 Direct : Mia said, “Sarah will get merried next week”
Indirect : Mia said that Sarah would get merried the
following week.

*Example

 Direct : “I am tired”
Indirect : He said that he was tired.
 Direct : “You are clever”
Indirect : He said that I was clever
  Direct : “Susan has a doll”
Indirect : He said Susan had a doll.
 Direct : “I have to work”
Indirect : She said she had to work.
 Direct : “Paula has to come”
Indirect : He said paula had to come.
 Direct : “We shall wait”
Indirect : He said we should wait.
 Direct : “Dina will help”
Indirect : She said Dina would help.
 Direct : “I can swim”
Indirect : He said that he could swim.
 Direct : “You may sit down”
Indirect : She said I might sit down.
 Direct : “They want some water”
Indirect : He said they wanted some water.
 Direct : “Jeni drinks tea”
Indirect : He said Jeni drank tea.
 Direct : “I write a letter”
Indirect : She said that she wrote a letter.

D. Exercise
1. Jack said, “I shall be 21 tomorrow”.
a. Jack said that he would be 21 tomorrow
b. Jack said that he would be 21 the following day
c. Jack said that he should be 21 the following day
2. Specify indirect from the word “I have a cat” !
3.

E. Key Answer
1. (B) Jack said that he would be 21 the following day.
2. He/She said that he/she had a cat.