Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
2019-2020
Introduction
Migration is definitely not a recent phenomenon but, the phenomenon of migration has been
indispensable to human histories, culture and civilizations. Migration has played a significant role throughout
history in shaping the world as we know in the present time. Migration is often defined as the free movement of
people from one place to another with the intention of settling temporarily or permanently. Migration may be
individuals, family or in large groups. The movement is often over long distances and from one country to another.
People move from variety of reasons. Some are affected by economic factors; better quality of life, a
chance for financial stability, and access to one’s education or work. Contradict to the statement, migration can
also affect the physical, social, and academic stability of the person.
According to Uy, D. (2016), the Philippines accounts for an estimated 5 million or about 2.025% of the 247
million total migrants as of 2015.
There are positive and negative effects of migration. The effects of migration are: unemployment is
reduced and people get better job opportunities. Migration helps in improving the quality of life of people. It helps
to improve social life of people as they learn about new culture, customs, and languages which helps to improve
brotherhood among people. Many migrants are completely uneducated; therefore, they are not only unfit for
most jobs, but also lack basic knowledge and life skills. Poverty makes them unable to live a normal and healthy
life. Children growing up in poverty have no access to proper nutrition education or health. Migration increased
the slum areas in cities which increase many problems such as unhygienic conditions, crime, pollution. Most
commonly affected of migration are the parent’s children and the parents. While the effects of migration are
Political instability, poverty, political chaos, rising crime, crises and conflicts, corruption, family reasons, economic
depression, low educational standards and inadequate infrastructure are some of the factors which create
insecurity amongst the population that makes them leave their country. Migration has been the primary source of
population growth in the developed regions. Migration is projected to be the only driver of population growth in
the developed regions starting after 2020.most of the youth triggers from the need for quality education or forced
due to domestic political and social unrest which lead them to move to another country. Migration affects tie
student on how to easily cope up to the new culture and language that really takes time to understand.
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Considering the foregoing discussions, this study aims to know the effects of migration, as well as the
impact of migration to the students. This study also wants to assess how migration can affect the physical, social,
academic, and economic stability of the students of San Pascual National High School. With the increasing
percentage of migrants in the Philippines, the researchers decided to conduct a study about the Effects of
Migration and its Impact to the Senior High School Students of San Pascual National High School S.Y. 2019-2020.
Conceptual Framework
The study used a simple model as a conceptual paradigm to provide general structure and guide the
direction of the study. Figure 1 presents conceptual paradigm including the input, process, and output. The input
variables refer to the items which were treated in the system and transformed into an observable output. The first
box contained the input variable such as the demographic profile of students, and the personal experience of
students who have encountered migration. The first box includes the information and ideas used in the study. A
line was drawn with an arrow head going to the next box, the process.
For the second box, the researchers considered certain processes or actions that will be used to assess the
information from the first box. These include conducting of survey questionnaires. Under with these, the study
utilized only the structured questionnaires that served as surveys to the included respondents. From the second
box, an arrow head was drawn going to output box.
Lastly, the third box or the output shows the desired output expected. The study aims to know the effects
of migration and the impact of it to the students. Thus, it also targets to present a possible solution to regain the
old personal self of the students who have experienced migration.
Input Process Output
Theoretical Framework
The framework serves as a blueprint in this study. The focus of this study is to provide a contemporary
approach on the effects and impacts of migration to students in a regular high school, specifically, San Pascual
National High School, Division of Batangas. This research contained awareness which can serve as basis for
showcasing the effects and impacts of migration.
In conducting this study, the researcher will apply the founding theories on the effects and impacts of
migration. In the work of Effect of Parental Migration on the Academic Performance of Left Behind Children in
North Western China of Yu Bai, et. Al (2016), they stated that there are concerns about the potential negative
effects of parental migration on the academic performance of the LBCs that could be due to the absence of
parental care. However, it might also be that when a child’s parents work away from home, their remittances can
increase the household’s income and provide more resources and that this can lead to better academic
performance.
A supporting theory work Human Capital, Higher Education and Graduate Migration: An Analysis of
Scottish and Welsh Students of Faggian, A. et.al, stated that there are institutional difference between the two
countries which mean that the mobility effects of human capital acquisition have to be interpreted carefully in the
light of other economic, geographical and social influences.
Definition of Terms
In order to acquire clear understanding of the study the following terms were defined conceptually and
operationally.
Migration – Migration can be defined as a change in location of the place of residence of an individual for any
length of time. This shift can be across national and cultural boundaries or within the boundaries of the same
country, from rural to urban areas or from urban to rural areas. Thus, migration can be internal or international.
The factors which influence migration can be described as “pull” or “push” factors (Rack Phillip, 2011).
According to the study of Adalia et. al (2018), they identified migration as the movement of a person or
group of persons from one place to another more or less for permanent residence, is another component of
population change. Knowing the number and character of people’s movement is important in the analysis of the
modification in an area’s population structure and labour force. Social and cultural changes result from migration.
Economic changes like agricultural and industrial growth, political change or religious upheavals may come about.
People move from rural to urban areas, from the city to the suburb and from the developing countries to the
developed countries.
Migration may be internal and international. Internal migration is spatial movement of a person or group
of persons within a country. International migration is the movement of a person or group of persons from one
country to another. Emigration means leaving one’s country for another for permanent residence. When one
enters the country of his destination, this is called immigration.
Any migration involves a set of forces- the push and pull factors. Push refers to the unfavorable or
unattractive conditions in a place which impel a person or group to move out. Among the push factors are harsh
climate, poor employment opportunities, oppressive laws and rule, government regulations and the bureaucracy,
political or religious persecution, internal disorders and war. Pull factors include attractive and favorable climate,
good employment opportunities, prospects for faster professional growth, high salaries, political and religious
freedom and peace and order. Needed also are transportation facilities to facilitate movement.
Migration usually happens as a result of combination of this push and pull factors. Push factors are the
reasons why people leave an area. It includes lack of services, lack of safety, high crime, crop failure, drought,
flooding, poverty, war. On the other hand, pull factors are the reasons why people move to a particular area. It
includes higher employment, more wealth, better services, good climate, safer and less crime, political stability,
more fertile land and lower risk from natural hazards.
Migration follows a variety of routes: from the village to the city; from one region to another; from one
country to another; or from one continent to another. Migrants are themselves also affected by migration, since
they are members of the same family, friends or descendants of migrants or members of local communities that
receive migrants.
A distinction may be drawn between internal migration and internal migration. Internal migration is the
movement within the same country, from one administrative unit, such as a region, province or municipality to
another. In contrast, international migration, involves the crossing of one or several international borders,
resulting in a charge in the legal status of the individual concerned. International migration also covers movements
or refugees, displaced persons and other persons forced to leave their country.
A hard and fast distinction between internal and international migration can be nevertheless be
misleading international migration can involve very short distances and culturally very similar population, internal
migration can cover vast distances and brig markedly different population into contact.
In our study, migration is the way of transferring to another place of the students due to some personal
issues in life- in terms of job and income, religious act, etc.