Instructional Planning

Developing Instructional Guides

 Daily Lesson Plan

 is a blueprint that guides a teacher on what he/she will
teach and how she will go about it.

 It is a complete procedure that will be followed in

introducing and implementing the plan capped by the
suggestions on how to evaluate the learning outcomes
desired.
 A simple lesson plan includes, among others, a brief
statement of the objectives and a smooth sequencing of the
learning activities. It is presumed that the equipment, tools,
materials are organized and arranged within reach ahead of
time. It is concluded with a kind of assessment to find out
whether the objectives have been achieved.
Developing a Science Lesson

• A systematically organized lesson plan is the key to a

successful teaching-learning episode.

• It is a well-designed roadmap intended to achieve the

lesson's objectives.

• A detailed plan is intended to follow a format that is self-

directing and self-evaluating.*
Importance of an Instructional/Lesson Plan

• No instructional plan is a magical elixir that will guarantee

one hundred percent learning.

• A written instructional plan is an antidote to aimlessness. *

The Need for Planning

Why should you plan early?

The Need for Planning

1. With careful planning you are assured of an effective

procedure and a complete coverage of the subject that
you aim to teach. The activities that you need to perform
together with the corresponding time allotment will
enable you to progress smoothly.
The Need for Planning

2. A good and reliable plan can definitely enhance your self-

confidence. Together with a relaxed and "authoritative
poise" which will make it easy for you to control the class.

3. Your plan can be submitted to your department

head/head teacher for comments and suggestions, thus
adding to your learning and experience. *
The Need for Planning

4. Experience gained from your daily lesson planning task can

serve as well earned qualifications for future classroom
activities. *

5. A systematically conceived lesson plan speaks of an

orderly work and study habits of teachers worthy of
commendation.
The Need for Planning

6. The choice and preparation of appropriate instructional

materials can be decided and included in the plan.
Factors to consider in Lesson Planning

A. Adequate knowledge about the subject matter to be

taught.
 The number of concepts and subtopics to be covered
and the time allowed shall have been determined ahead
of time.
Factors to consider in Lesson Planning

B. Appropriate teaching methodology to be followed.

 This shall be considered depending on the background
knowledge, level of understanding of the students and
the nature of the concepts to be taught.

C. Instructional materials and supplies.

 They must be sufficient
Factors to consider in Lesson Planning

D. Equipment and laboratory tools to be used.

 they must be ready to be operated during the class
hours.

E. Books, references and other instructional devices.

 must be handy at the time of need.
Formats of a Lesson Plan

• A lesson plan may be detailed, semi-detailed, or brief

• It may be columnar or non-columnar form.

Detailed Lesson Plan

 consists of step-by-step activities and anticipated students’
or pupils’ responses or comments before actual teaching.*
Formats of a Lesson Plan

Semi-detailed Lesson Plan

 A type of lesson plan which is not too detailed.*

Brief Lesson Plan

 A lesson plan which is only a sketchy outline *
Elements of an Instructional or Lesson Plan

These are the basic components of a Lesson Plan

1. Objectives
2. Subject Matter or Topic
3. Materials
4. Procedure or Lesson Development
5. Evaluation
6. Assignment
 To insure ease and efficiency in preparing one, a teacher
should possess the following the qualifications:
1. Adequate knowledge about the topic to be taught.
2. Facility in preparing clear and precise lesson objectives.
3. Skill in employing a wide range of strategies and
procedures.
4. Preparedness in assembling the materials and tools that
will be needed.
5. Knowledge of assessment and evaluation techniques.
Basic Steps in Preparing a Lesson Plan

1. Writing the objectives

2. Determining the teaching strategy to be followed.

3. Identifying and incorporating appropriate instructional

aids to be used

4. Designing the assignments

Instructional Objectives
Preparing Instructional Objectives

 Instructional Objectives
 is a statement that identifies what the students are
expected to accomplish.

 provides direction in organizing and implementing suitable

classroom instruction and in choosing effective evaluation
methods.
Preparing Instructional Objectives

 Instructional Objectives

 should be stated in terms of student responses that are

observable and measurable.

 sometimes referred to as behavioral or performance

objectives.
Preparing Instructional Objectives

 Instructional Objectives

 Also called performance objectives because of the

emphasis on student outcomes as manifested in their
performance.

 Other synonyms are learner objectives, behavioral

objectives, and specific objectives.
Preparing Instructional Objectives

 Performance objectives
 refer to student mastery of the content such as facts,
concepts, skills, and generalizations.

 Process objectives
 focus on mental skills like observation, organizing,
categorizing, evaluation, drawing inferences and the like.
Taxonomy of Educational Objectives

Cognitive Domain
 Cognitive Objectives are those that use academic
knowledge to develop the intellectual abilities of
students.

Affective Domain
 The affective domain deals with how students are affected
by their learning.
Taxonomy of Educational Objectives

Psychomotor Domain
 Examples of skills in the psychomotor domain are intricate
use of complex equipment in laboratory tasks and
communicating intentions with facial & hand gestures.
 The characteristics of performance objectives can be
coined in the acronym SMART

S - specific
M - measurable
A - attainable
R - result-oriented and reliable
T - time-bound & terminal
 know, understand, analyze, evaluate, appreciate,
comprehend & realize
Importance of Objectives

Objectives are important because they help facilitate the

following:
 Identification of what is expected of students after the
study
 Basis for planning and organizing learning activities
 Choice of appropriate instructional materials
 Decision on appropriate assessment techniques
Rules in Writing Objectives

1. Make sure you are describing the behavior of the students

and not the teacher's.

2. A behavior can be described as observable in the form of

an outcome verb.
 Ex. identify, arrange, measure
Rules in Writing Objectives

3. Describe the criterion for evaluating an acceptable

performance of the behavior.
 Ex. classify the fruits as to color

4. Specify important conditions under which the student will

perform the behavior.
 Ex. measure the height of the seedling after one
week.
Rules in Writing Objectives

5. Remember to measure only one outcome verb for each

objective.
Thank you for listening.
P re se n t e d B y:
Ma ry A n n B . S a b a d la b
S cie n ce Te a ch e r
References:

Corpuz, Brenda B. et al. (2006). Principles of Teaching 2, Quezon City,

Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
Bunga, J. et al. (2016). Principles of Teaching 2. Quezon City Adriana
Publishing Co, Inc.