Technical Manual EVOPICV

PRESSURE INDEPENDENT CONTROL VALVE
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Introduction
The EVOPICV Pressure Independent Control Valve “PICV” is a combined constant

flow limiter and full stroke, full authority equal percentage temperature control
valve.
Application Examples
The EVOPICV is suitable for use in variable and constant temperature systems and may be used as
constant flow limiter in constant volume systems (without an actuator head) or as a true PICV in
variable volume systems.
Typical applications of the EVOPICV include

Fan Coils
Chilled Beams
Radiant Panels and Radiators
Heater Batteries
Small Air Handling units
Heat Recovery Units
Over-door Heaters
Features and Benefits
Features
 Suitable for many applications, due to wide range of available actuators.
 High precision large diameter lockable hand-wheel with simple linear setting scale.
 The flow rate is adjustable via the hand-wheel even when an actuator is fitted.
 Equal percentage temperature control valve gives maximum control under all flow condi-
tions.
Benefits
 Reduces capital outlay by eliminating the need for terminal balancing valves, temperature
control valves, branch and mains balancing valves, and system differential pressure control
valves.
 The valve has been designed to be easily close coupled to the terminal unit.
 Selection is simple as no authority calculations are needed.
 Late design changes and changes of use are more easily accommodated.
 Reduces circuit interactivity.
 Commissioning is simplified as no costly proportional balance is required.
 Controllability is improved due to the equal percentage characteristic.
 User comfort maximised by ensuring every temperature control valve has full authority.
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2
Valve Specifications
PEB91 Sectional View - DN15/DN20 PEB93 Sectional View - DN20/25/32
DN 15 20 25 32 32
V Low Low High Low High Std Std Std
Part Number PEB91VL.04 PEB91L.04 PEB91H.04 PE91L.06 PE91H.06 PEB93L.08 PEB93L.10 PEB93H.10
Nominal Max Flow [l/s] 0.04 0.156 0.208 0.264 0.41 0.611 0.750 0.833
l/h] 150 560 750 950 1500 2200 2700 3000
Nominal Min Flow [l/s] 0.01 0.016 0.021 0.028 0.04 0.061 0.075 0.083
[l/h] 36 56 75 100 144 220 270 830
Accuracy [0.2-4 Bar] ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10%
Accuracy includes linearity and hysteresis
Start Up ΔP [kPa] 20 20 25 25 25 25 25 25
Max Working ΔP [kPa] 400 400 400 400 200 400 400 400
Working Pressure PN 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
Min Temp [°C] -10 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10
Max Temp [°C] 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
Spindle Lift [mm] 3 3 3 3 3 6 6 6
Leakage Rate 0.01% of max nominal flow rate. (Class IV to IEC60534-4)
Connections Rp ["] 1/2 1/2 1/2 3/4 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/4
Material Specification
15
12
9
11
10
8
7
14
5 6
1 2 4
3
1 Body Forging DZR Brass CW602N

2 Cartridge Body PSU
3 Cartridge Seat Brass CW614N
4 Cartridge Spring Stainless Steel AISI 302
5 Cartridge Shutter Stainless Steel AISI 303
6 Diaphragm EPDM
7 Globe Brass CW614N
8 Hand-wheel PSU
9 Hand-wheel Base Ring Noryl GFN2
10 Handwheel Washer Brass CW614N
11 Headwork Cap Abs
12 Headwork Pin Stainless Steel AISI 303
13 O-Rings EPDM
14 Pre-Setting Seat Brass CW614N
15 Valve Headwork Brass CW614N
4
Dimensions
No Actuator
Dimension A B C D E
DN15 47 115 25 99 120
DN20 47 115 25 108 120
DN25 47 152 - - -
Thermo-Electric Actuator
Dimension A B C D E
DN15 65 133 25 99 127
DN20 65 133 25 108 127
DN25 65 - - - -
Electromotive Actuator
Dimension A B C D E
DN15 70 156 25 99 130
DN20 70 156 25 108 130
DN25 70 183 - - -
Valve Operation
The EVOPICV axial pressure independent control valve consists of three main functional groups:
1. Differential pressure regulator
2. Oblique globe valve for temperature control
3. Movable seat for flow rate adjustment.
Temperature Control
Pre-Setting Seat
P2
P1 P3
B A Pressure Regulator
1. Differential Pressure Regulator
The differential pressure regulator is the heart of the pressure independent control valve, by
keeping a constant differential pressure across the valve seats constant flow and high authority
temperature control can be achieved.
Incoming pressure P1 is transmitted to the top face of the diaphragm, outgoing pressure P3 is
transmitted to the underside of this same diaphragm. A constant effective differential pressure is
maintained between P2 and P3. As P1 increases relative to P3 it acts on the diaphragm closing the
shutter (A) against a seat (B) thereby lowering the effective differential pressure. As P1 decreases
relative to P3 the diaphragm acts to open the shutter (A) from the seat (B) thus increasing the
effective differential pressure. The diaphragm acts against a spring in order to balance the pres-
sure control and stop the diaphragm oscillating.
Water flow through a valve varies as a function of the area of passage and the pressure differen-
tial across that valve. Due to the incorporation of the differential pressure regulator the differen-
tial across the valve seats P2 – P3 is constant meaning that flow is now only a function of area of
passage.
Functional Schematic
6
2. Temperature Control Valve
The temperature control element of the valve consists of an oblique pattern globe valve the
differential pressure (P2-P3) across which is held constant by the differential pressure regulator.
The authority (n) of a valve can be calculated from the pressure drops across that valve compared
with the local system. In this case written as
Pa
n
Pa  Pb
In the case of a Pressure Independent Control Valve the system P b is close to 0 meaning that the
authority is very close to 1.
Pa+Pb
Globe
Seat
P2
P3
Pa
3. Maximum Flow Rate Adjustment
In order to preset the maximum flow rate of the valve a second seat is used, again the differential
pressure across this seat is held constant (P2-P3). The area of passage is changed by moving the
hand wheel causing a profiled disc to move against a fixed seat thereby adjusting the flow.
Movable Seat
Fixed Seat
P2
P3
Flow Control
Figure A.
Figure A. describes the general flow performance of the valve as the differential pressure changes.
It can be seen that before the start-up pressure is achieved the flow rate increases almost as a
fixed orifice valve. Once the start-up pressure has been achieved the valve controls the flow
within a proportional band around the set point range.
Values stated for the start-up pressure are calculated with the valve in the fully open position as
the lowest differential pressure at which the valve will give a constant flow (±10% of nominal). It
can be observed that as the valve is regulated to lower flow rates that the start-up pressure de-
creases.
It can also be seen that once the working differential pressure range has been exceeded that the
flow rate begins to rise out of the tolerance bands, however this happens at a much lower rate
than a fixed orifice valve would exhibit.
It should be noted that for a particular pressure a range of flows (within ± 10% of the nominal) can
be produced depending on if the pressure is rising or falling. This hysteresis effect is typical of all
dynamic balancing valves due to the internal tolerances of the pressure regulator.
When designing the pipe system the start-up pressure should be used as the nominal resistance of
the valve for pump sizing purposes.
The proportional band of the valve accounts for both linearity and hysteresis effects. When
deciding on tolerances for witnessing the proportional band (± 10%) of the valve should be taken in
to account.
8
DN15 - Flow Performance
DN20 - Flow Performance
DN25/32 - Flow Performance

Temperature Control
The valve characteristic is a measure of the rate at which the valve controls flow in relation to its
opening position, authority is a measure of how well a valve performs in relation to its characteris-
tic curve when in use.
Power Output
Exact curve depends on ΔT
Flow Rate [Kv/Kvmax]
Figure A.
Coil Power Output
Power output through a coil is related to water flow rate but it can be seen from figure A. that
this relation ship is not linear. Figure A. shows that as flow increases the power output tends to-
wards some maximum value. It can also be seen that power output increases rapidly from 0 - 50%
of water flow and thereafter the rate of increase of power output decreases. The steepness of this
curve is typically dependant on the temperature difference induced in the heating or cooling me-
dia (ΔT).
Valve Characterisation Curves

Stroke [H/Hmax] Stroke [H/Hmax]

Stroke [H/Hmax]
Figure B. Figure C. Figure D.

ON/OFF, Quick Acting Curve Linear Curve Equal Percentage Curve
10
Figure B. describes an ON/OFF or quick acting valve characteristic, it can be seen that flow rate
increases rapidly until 30% of the valve stroke and then slowly thereafter.
Figure C. describes a Linear valve characteristic, flow rate increases in direct linear proportion to
the valve stroke.
Figure D. describes an Equal Percentage (modified logarithmic) valve characteristic. It can be seen
that flow rate increases slowly until the valve stroke is approximately 70% and thereafter flow rate
increases rapidly.
It is generally desirable that the power output of a coil is linear in relation to the valve stoke as
this results in the most easily controllable situation.
System Response Curves

Power Output
Power Output
Power Output
Stroke [H/Hmax] Stroke [H/Hmax]
Stroke [H/Hmax]
Figure E. Figure F. Figure G.

(Fig A. + Fig B.) (Fig A. + Fig C.) (Fig A. + Fig D.)
Figure E. describes the system response (power output of a coil vs. valve stroke) when a quick act-
ing or ON/OFF valve is used. It can be observed that the power output rises to over 95% before the
valve is more than 20% open.
Figure F. describes the system response when a linear valve is used, it can be seen that power out-
put rises quickly for the first 50% of valve stroke and thereafter the rate of change decreases. It can
also be seen that 95% of the power output is achieved with a valve stroke of approximately 80%.
Figure G. describes the system response when an equal percentage valve is used, it can be observed
that power output increases linearly with increasing valve stroke.
From the above graphs it can be seen that the equal percentage characteristic gives the most desir-
able system response. It should be noted that in any practical system the valve characteristic and
coil characteristics may not be 100% matched but an equal percentage characteristic valve will al-
ways give a more linear response than any other profile.
The characteristic curves of the EVOPICV valves are shown overleaf.

Characteristic Curves
Please see our additional document “Pressure Independent Control Valve Test Results” for complete in-
formation on our valve characteristics.
12
Actuators
A wide range of actuators are available for the EVOPICV valves spit into three functional types
Thermostatic Radiator Valve Actuators (1/2” and 3/4” only)
The EVOPICV is capable of being controlled by a standard TRV head either with an incorporated
liquid sensor or capillary sensor. This type actuator has a limited use where the valve is used to
control radiators or radiant panels.
Thermoelectric Actuator (1/2” and 3/4” Only)
Thermoelectric actuators use a PTC resistive heated wax element to move the actuator piston as
the element expands or contracts. This process is silent, highly repeatable and offers a high closing
force in a very compact actuator.
The thermo-electric ON/OFF actuator is highly suited to radiators and radiant panels as the slow
operating time provides a controlled opening and closing profile. The ON/OFF actuator may be
controlled either by a BMS outstation controller or directly connected to a room thermostat.
A normally closed 0-10v proportional thermo-electric actuator is also available and is suited for
applications where modulating control is required but installation space is limited.
EA-T-OO-1-4-1
Control Type ON/OFF
Characteristic N/A
Operating Voltage [V] AC/DC 24v ±20%
Operating Power [W] 1.8
Operating Current [mA] 75
Inrush Current [mA] 250
Actuating Force [N] 100 ± 5%
Stroke [mm] 4
Configuration Normally Closed
Cycle Time [s] 180
Operating Temperature [°C] 0 - 60
Fluid Temperature [°C] 0 - 100
Max Relative Humidity [%] 80
IP Rating 54 class II
Cable Type 2 x 0.75 mm²
Cable Length [mm] 1000
Housing Colour white RAL9003
Dimensions H/W/L [mm] 60/44/61
EA-T-OO-2-4-1
Control Type ON/OFF
Characteristic N/A
Operating Voltage [V] AC 230v ±10%
Stroke [mm] 4
Cycle Time [s] 180
EA-T-PR-1-4-1
Control Type 0-10v (0.5-10v)
Characteristic Linear
Operating Power [W] 2
Stroke [mm] 4
Cycle Time [s] 120
Input Resistance [kΩ] 100
Wiring diagram, ON/OFF actuators. Wiring diagram, 0-10v actuator.
14
Electromotive Actuators
For modulating control a number of electromotive actuators are available, these use a motor and
gearbox to move the actuator piston. Electromotive actuators are available to suit most BMS con-
trollers and include both 24v and 230v three point floating control (open/close) and 0-10v propor-
tional versions.
The 0-10v actuator includes a valve massaging routine whereby every 24 hrs the actuator com-
pletes an open close cycle in order to prevent dirt accumulating in the temperature control valve
seat. The 0-10v proportional actuator contains an additional routine to automatically calibrate its
start and end positions.
EA-M-3P-1-3-1 / EA-M-3P-1-6-1
Control Type 3 Point
Actuating Force [N] 120
Max Stroke [mm] 6.3
Speed [sec/mm] 13
Noise [dBa] <30
IP Rating IP43
Housing Colour Semi Trans White
Dimensions H/W/L [mm] 79.5/49/80
EA-M-3P-2-6-1
Control Type 3 Point
Actuating Force [N] 120
Max Stroke [mm] 6.3
Speed [sec/mm] 13
Noise [dBa] <30
IP Rating IP43
When configuring your BMS controller the run time for 3Point actuators should be set to match the
required stroke. In the case of 1/2” and 3/4” EVOPICV’s this is 3mm therefore the run time should
be calculated as (13[sec/mm] x 3 [mm]) = 39 seconds. In the case of 1” and 11/4” the stroke is
6mm (13[sec/mm] x 6 [mm]) = 78 seconds. In the control strategy there must be a re-
synchronising time allowed of 90 seconds driving closed to find the closing point.
The 0-10v actuators are self bottoming and should automatically find the correct closing point.
EA-M-PR-1-3-1 / EA-M-PR-1-6-1
Control Type 0-10v
Stroke [mm] 3.2/4/5.5
Configuration Flexible
Speed [sec/mm] 8
IP Rating 43
Input Resistance [kΩ]
For PEB91/93 1” and 11/4” the stroke of the 0-10v actuator can be increased by means of an inter-
nal jumper on the actuator
There are a number of internal dip-switches that allow the control voltage signals to changed, the
movement direction to be swapped, and the characteristic of the actuator to be changed to equal-
percentage. Please see our actuator datasheets for further information.
16
Operation and Maintenance

Mounting
The EVOPICV will function in the flow or return connection so long as the direction of flow is
properly maintained. The EVOPICV valve is uni-directional and must be mounted with the arrow in
the direction of the flow. Mounting the EVOPICV in the wrong direction may damage the system
and the valve itself.
If flow reversal within the system is possible, a non-return valve should be mounted such as to pre-
vent reverse flow through the EVOPICV.
As with any two port valve installation it is recommended strainers are fitted to upstream
pipework in order to protect the EVOPICV from dirt particles.
Flow adjustment
Flow rate adjustment is carried out using the large black hand-wheel. First calculate the design
flow rate as a percentage of the nominal (maximum) valve flow rate, this value will be used in
setting the valve.
For Example;
A design flow rate of 0.1 l/s is required and a PEB91L.04 (Maximum Nominal Flow 0.156 l/s) has been select-
ed, the hand wheel setting is calculated as follows.
PEB91L.04 PEB91H.04 PE91L.06 PEB91L.08

100% 0.156 0.208 0.278 0.500
90% 0.140 0.188 0.250 0.450
80% 0.124 0.167 0.222 0.400
70% 0.109 0.146 0.194 0.350
60% 0.093 0.125 0.167 0.300
50% 0.078 0.104 0.139 0.250
40% 0.062 0.083 0.111 0.200
30% 0.047 0.063 0.083 0.150
20% 0.031 0.042 0.056 0.100
10% 0.016 0.021 0.028 0.050
Lift the lock pin to unlock the hand-wheel. The hand-wheel is graduated from 100% to 10%, turn
the hand-wheel to the calculated percentage as indicated by the lock pin. Press the lock pin to
lock the hand-wheel in position.
Flushing and Media Quality
It is expected that the system to which the EVOPICV is fitted be pre cleaned and flushed in accordance to the
standards and principles detailed in the BSRIA guide “Pre commission cleaning of pipework sys-
tems” (BG29/2011) and the water quality maintained to standards as detailed in BSRIA guide “Water treat-
ment for building service systems”.
Please ensure the compatibility of any cleaning agents and water treatments with the materials listed at the
front of this datasheet.
It should be noted that because the pressure independent valve will limit flow to a pre-set value regardless of
the differential pressure, the valve should not be forward flushed when mounted in the flow connection. It is
recommended that if the terminal units need to be flushed that the system is flushed to drain whilst bypass-
ing the EVOPICV, followed by a back flush to drain before a forward flush is attempted.
On systems where the water quality is not known or is known to be poor it is recommend that a strainer is
fitted to protect the EVOPICV.
Verification
In order to verify that a particular valve is within its working range the differential pressure can be measured
across the installed pressure test points, if this pressure is between the upper and lower differential pressure
limits (25kPa and 400kPa) the valve is within it operational range.
Note: flow rate cannot be measured across the EVOPICV using the incorporated test points as due to the in-
ternal function of the valve the KV is not fixed. If flow measurement is required a separate orifice plate or
venturi should be installed downstream.
Before onsite verification commences it should be ensured that;

The circulation pump has been correctly sized.
The circulation pumps are operating in constant pressure or proportional pressure mode.
The system has been flushed and treated.
The system is free of air.
Any local strainers are clean and have remained clean for at least 24hrs of pump operation.
All actuators are driven fully open.
CIBSE Commissioning Code W (2010) covers the verification of PICVs in section W7.7.3
Summated flow measurement at the branch and sub mains.

Since each of the EVOPICV valves give a constant flow the expected flow at the branch or sub mains measur-
ing station will be the sum of all the expected flows down stream of that measuring station. If the measured
flow is within ±10% of the expected flow then it can be said that all the PICV valves are functioning correctly.
Further problem solving can be carried out if necessary by means of either direct flow measurement at the
terminal units or by the Marflow Single Station Balancing method.
Direct flow measurement at the terminal units.

The flow rate can be verified by direct flow measurement at each terminal unit if it is thought necessary
however it would be more usual to measure the flow rate at 10% of the terminal units and only investigate
further if discrepancies are found.
Optimisation
When the verification stage is complete the system can be optimised for energy usage by reducing the pump
speed. In order to do this the index loop must be identified, this will be the Pressure independent valve that
has the lowest differential pressure across it. When the index loop has been identified the pump speed may
be lowered until the pressure drop across the index PICV is equal or just above 1.5 times the start-up pressure
for that valve. This will ensure excess energy is not used in circulating water around the system.
Maintenance
The EVOPICV requires no regular maintenance.
18
Reference Terminal Unit Schematics
PICV
Constant Flow Regulator
Flow Mounted, Variable Volume System with local flow

measurement
Filterball Isolating Strainer
Flow Measurement Valve
Isolation Valve
Return Mounted, Variable Volume System
Coil/Heat Emitter
3 Port Control Valve
Return Mounted, Constant Volume System

Marflow Hydronics Limited
Britannia House
Austin Way
Hamstead Industrial Estate
Tel - 0121 358 1555
Birmingham, England
Fax - 0121 358 1444
B42 1DU
www.marflowhydronics.co.uk
XLIT-PICV-0712
Errors and Omissions Excepted, Marflow reserve the right to change specification at any time

Technical Manual EVOPICV

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PRESSURE INDEPENDENT CONTROL VALVE

The EVOPICV Pressure Independent Control Valve “PICV” is a combined constant

Typical applications of the EVOPICV include

Features and Benefits

Call us on +44 (0)121 358 1555 or visit www.marflowhydronics.co.uk

PEB91 Sectional View - DN15/DN20 PEB93 Sectional View - DN20/25/32

1 Body Forging DZR Brass CW602N

Call us on +44 (0)121 358 1555 or visit www.marflowhydronics.co.uk

1. Differential Pressure Regulator

Call us on +44 (0)121 358 1555 or visit www.marflowhydronics.co.uk

2. Temperature Control Valve

3. Maximum Flow Rate Adjustment

Call us on +44 (0)121 358 1555 or visit www.marflowhydronics.co.uk

DN15 - Flow Performance

DN20 - Flow Performance

DN25/32 - Flow Performance

Exact curve depends on ΔT

Flow Rate [Kv/Kvmax]

Valve Characterisation Curves

Flow Rate [Kv/Kvmax]

Flow Rate [Kv/Kvmax]

Stroke [H/Hmax] Stroke [H/Hmax]

Figure B. Figure C. Figure D.

Call us on +44 (0)121 358 1555 or visit www.marflowhydronics.co.uk

System Response Curves

Figure E. Figure F. Figure G.

The characteristic curves of the EVOPICV valves are shown overleaf.

Call us on +44 (0)121 358 1555 or visit www.marflowhydronics.co.uk

Thermostatic Radiator Valve Actuators (1/2” and 3/4” only)

Thermoelectric Actuator (1/2” and 3/4” Only)

Wiring diagram, ON/OFF actuators. Wiring diagram, 0-10v actuator.

Call us on +44 (0)121 358 1555 or visit www.marflowhydronics.co.uk

Call us on +44 (0)121 358 1555 or visit www.marflowhydronics.co.uk

Operation and Maintenance

PEB91L.04 PEB91H.04 PE91L.06 PEB91L.08

Before onsite verification commences it should be ensured that;

Summated flow measurement at the branch and sub mains.

Direct flow measurement at the terminal units.

The EVOPICV requires no regular maintenance.

Call us on +44 (0)121 358 1555 or visit www.marflowhydronics.co.uk

Reference Terminal Unit Schematics

Constant Flow Regulator

Flow Mounted, Variable Volume System with local flow

Filterball Isolating Strainer

Flow Measurement Valve

3 Port Control Valve

Return Mounted, Constant Volume System

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