Pal I Course Guide 2

Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.
net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
This study guide includes all material from the study guide for Part I. Revision 1 (2 January 2009)
Masculine nouns in a Masculine nouns in ī
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nom. naro narā Nom., Voc. pakkhī pakkhī, pakkhino
Acc. naraṃ nare Acc. pakkhinaṃ, pakkhiṃ pakkhī, pakkhino
Ins. narena narebhi, narehi Ins. pakkhinā pakkhībhi, pakkhīhi
Dat. narāya, narassa narānaṃ Dat., Gen. pakkhino, pakkhissa pakkhīnaṃ
Abl. narā, naramhā, narasmā narebhi, narehi Abl. pakkhinā, pakkhimhā, pakkhismā pakkhībhi, pakkhīhi
Gen. narassa narānaṃ Loc. pakkhini, pakkhimhi, pakkhismiṃ pakkhīsu
Loc. nare, naramhi, narasmiṃ naresu

Masculine nouns in u (1)
Voc. nara, narā narā
Singular Plural
Masculine nouns in i Nom., Voc. garu garū, garavo
Singular Plural Acc. garuṃ garū, garavo
Nom., Voc. aggi aggī, aggayo Abl., Ins. garunā garūbhi, garūhi
Acc. aggiṃ aggī, aggayo Dat., Gen. garuno, garussa garūnaṃ
Ins. agginā aggībhi, aggīhi Loc. garumhi, garusmiṃ garūsu
Dat., Gen. aggino, aggissa aggīnaṃ * Bhikkhu has an additional form “bhikkhave” in the Vocative plural.
Abl. agginā, aggimhā, aggismā aggībhi, aggīhi
Loc. aggimhi, aggismiṃ aggīsu
Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 1

Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II
Masculine nouns in u (2) Masculine nouns in ū
Nom. nattā nattāro Nom., Voc. vidū vidū, viduno
Acc. nattāraṃ nattāre, nattāro Acc. viduṃ vidū, viduno
Abl., Ins. nattārā nattārebhi, nattārehi Ins., Abl. vidunā vidūbhi, vidūhi
Dat., Gen. nattu, nattuno, nattussa nattārānaṃ, nattānaṃ Dat., Gen. viduno, vidussa vidūnaṃ
Loc. nattari nattāresu Loc. vidumhi, vidusmiṃ vidūsu
Voc. natta, nattā nattāro

Masculine noun: mana
Masculine nouns in u (3) Singular Plural
Singular Plural Nom. mano manā
Nom. bhātā bhātaro Acc. manaṃ mane
Acc. bhātaraṃ bhātare, bhātaro Ins. manasā, manena manebhi, manehi
Abl., Ins. bhātarā bhātarebhi, bhātarehi, Dat., Gen. manaso, manassa manānaṃ
bhātūbhi, bhātūhi
Abl. manasā, manā, manamhā, manasmā manebhi, manehi
Dat., Gen. bhātu, bhātuno, bhātussa bhātarānaṃ, bhātānaṃ,
Loc. manasi, mane, manamhi, manasmiṃ manesu
bhātūnaṃ
Voc. mana, manā manā
Loc. bhātari bhātaresu, bhātusu
Voc. bhāta, bhātā bhātaro
Pitu (father) is similarly declined.

Masculine noun: attan Masculine noun: go
Nom. attā attāno Nom., Voc. go, gavo gāvo
Acc. attānaṃ, attaṃ attāno Acc. gāvaṃ, gavaṃ, gāvuṃ gāvo
Ins. attanā, attena attanebhi, attanehi Ins. gāvena, gavena gobhi, gohi, gāvehi, gavehi
Abl. attanā attanebhi, attanehi Dat., Gen. gāvassa, gavassa gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ
Dat., Gen. attano attānaṃ Abl. gāvā, gavā, gāvamhā, gobhi, gohi, gāvehi, gavehi
gavamhā, gāvasmā, gavasmā
Loc. attani attanesu
Loc. gāve, gave, gāvamhi, gavamhi, gāvesu, gavesu, gosu
Voc. atta, attā attāno
gāvasmiṃ, gavasmiṃ
Masculine noun: rājan

Feminine nouns in ā
Singular Plural
Singular Plural
Nom. rājā rājāno
Nom. vanitā vanitā, vanitāyo
Acc. rājānaṃ, rājaṃ rājāno
Acc. vanitaṃ vanitā, vanitāyo
Ins. raññā, rājena rājūbhi, rājūhi, rājebhi, rājehi
Abl., Ins. vanitāya vanitābhi, vanitāhi
Abl. raññā, rājamhā, rājasmā rājūbhi, rājūhi, rājebhi, rājehi
Dat., Gen. vanitāya vanitānaṃ
Dat., Gen. rañño, rājino raññaṃ, rājūnaṃ, rājānaṃ
Loc. vanitāyaṃ, vanitāya vanitāsu
Loc. raññe, rājini, rājamhi, rājusu, rājūsu, rājesu
Voc. vanite vanitā, vanitāyo
rājasmiṃ
Voc. rāja, rājā rājāno

Feminine nouns in i Feminine nouns in u (1)
Nom., Voc. bhūmi bhūmī, bhūmiyo Nom., Voc. dhenu dhenū, dhenuyo
Acc. bhūmiṃ bhūmī, bhūmiyo Acc. dhenuṃ dhenū, dhenuyo
Abl., Ins. bhūmiyā, bhūmyā bhūmībhi, bhūmīhi Abl., Ins. dhenuyā dhenūbhi, dhenūhi
Dat., Gen. bhūmiyā bhūmīnaṃ Dat. Gen. dhenuyā dhenūnaṃ
Loc. bhūmiyaṃ, bhūmiyā bhūmīsu Loc. dhenuyaṃ, dhenuyā dhenūsu
Feminine nouns in ī Feminine nouns in u (2)
Nom., Voc. kumārī kumārī, kumāriyo Nom. mātā mātaro
Acc. kumāriṃ kumārī, kumāriyo Acc. mātaraṃ mātare, mātaro
Abl., Ins. kumāriyā kumārībhi, kumārīhi Abl., Ins. mātarā, (mātuyā) mātarebhi, mātarehi, mātūbhi,
mātūhi
Dat., Gen. kumāriyā kumārīnaṃ
Dat., Gen. mātuyā mātarānaṃ, mātānaṃ, mātūnaṃ
Loc. kumāriyaṃ, kumāriyā kumārīsu
Loc. mātari mātaresu, mātusu
Voc. māta, mātā, māte mātaro
Dhītu (daughter) and duhitu (daughter) are declined like mātu.

Neuter nouns in a Neuter nouns in u
Nom. nayanaṃ nayanā, nayanāni Nom., Voc. cakkhu cakkhū, cakkhūni
Acc. nayanaṃ nayane, nayanāni Acc. cakkhuṃ cakkhū, cakkhūni
Ins. nayanena nayanebhi, nayanehi Abl., Ins. cakkhunā cakkhūbhi, cakkhūhi
Dat. nayanāya, nayanassa nayanānaṃ Dat., Gen. cakkhuno, cakkhussa cakkhūnaṃ
Abl. nayanā, nayanamhā, nayanasmā nayanebhi, nayanehi Loc. cakkhumhi, cakkhusmiṃ cakkhūsu
Gen. nayanassa nayanānaṃ

Notes:
Loc. nayane, nayanamhi, nayanasmiṃ nayanesu
Voc. nayana, nayanā nayanāni
Neuter nouns in i
Singular Plural
Nom., Voc. aṭṭhi aṭṭhī, aṭṭhīni
Acc. aṭṭhiṃ aṭṭhī, aṭṭhīni
Ins. aṭṭhinā aṭṭhībhi, aṭṭhīhi
Dat., Gen. aṭṭhino, aṭṭhissa aṭṭhīnaṃ
Abl. aṭṭhinā, aṭṭhimhā, aṭṭhismā aṭṭhībhi, aṭṭhīhi
Loc. aṭṭhini, aṭṭhimhi, aṭṭhismiṃ aṭṭhisu, aṭṭhīsu

Adjectival nouns (masculine/neuter) First personal pronoun
Nom. guṇavā guṇavanto, guṇavantā Nom. ahaṃ mayaṃ, amhe
Acc. guṇavantaṃ guṇavante Acc. maṃ, mamaṃ amhe, amhākaṃ, no
Ins. guṇavatā, guṇavantena guṇavantebhi, guṇavantehi Ins. mayā, me amhebhi, amhehi, no
Dat., Gen. guṇavato, guṇavantassa guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ Dat., Gen. mama, mayhaṃ, me, mamaṃ amhaṃ, amhākaṃ, no
Abl. guṇavatā, guṇavantamhā, guṇavantebhi, guṇavantehi Abl. mayā amhebhi, amhehi

guṇavantasmā
Loc. mayi amhesu
Loc. guṇavati, guṇavante, guṇavantesu
guṇavantamhi, Second personal pronoun
guṇavantasmiṃ
Singular Plural
Voc. guṇavaṃ, guṇava, guṇavā guṇavanto, guṇavantā
Nom. tvaṃ, tuvaṃ tumhe
* Those ending in -mantu should be declined as: cakkhumā, cakkhumanto,
Acc. taṃ, tavaṃ, tuvaṃ tumhe, tumhākaṃ, vo
cakkhumatā, and so on.
Ins. tvayā, tayā, te tumhebhi, tumhehi, vo
Adjectival nouns (feminine) Dat., Gen. tava, tuyhaṃ, te tumhaṃ, tumhākaṃ, vo
In the feminine, guṇavā becomes guṇavatī/guṇavantī, and is declined like
Abl. tvayā, tayā tumhebhi, tumhehi
kumārī.
Loc. tvayi, tayi tumhesu
(Te, me and vo, no should not be used at the beginning of a sentence.)

Relative pronoun (masculine) Demonstrative pronoun ta (masculine)
Nom. yo ye Nom. so te
Acc. yaṃ ye Acc. taṃ, naṃ te, ne
Ins. yena yebhi, yehi Ins. tena tebhi, tehi
Dat., Gen. yassa yesaṃ, yesānaṃ Dat., Gen. tassa tesaṃ, tesānaṃ
Abl. yamhā, yasmā yebhi, yehi Abl. tamhā, tasmā tebhi, tehi
Loc. yamhi, yasmiṃ yesu Loc. tamhi, tasmiṃ tesu
Relative pronoun (feminine) Demonstrative pronoun ta (feminine)
Nom. yā yā, yāyo Nom. sā tā, tāyo
Acc. yaṃ yā, yāyo Acc. taṃ, naṃ tā, tāyo
Ins., Abl. yāya yābhi, yāhi Ins., Abl. tāya tābhi, tāhi
Dat., Gen. yassā, yāya yāsaṃ, yāsānāṃ Dat., Gen. tassā, tāyo tāsaṃ, tāsānaṃ
Loc. yassaṃ, yāyaṃ yāsu Loc. tassaṃ, tāyaṃ tāsu
Relative pronoun (neuter) Demonstrative pronoun ta (neuter)
Nom., Acc. yaṃ ye, yāni Nom., Acc. taṃ te, tāni
The rest is similar to that of masculine. The rest is similar to that of the masculine. Eta is declined like ta.

Demonstrative pronoun ima (masculine) Present participle, active (masculine)
Nom. ayaṃ ime Nom. gacchaṃ, gacchanto gacchanto, gacchantā
Acc. imaṃ ime Acc. gacchantaṃ gacchante
Ins. anena, iminā ebhi, ehi, imebhi, imehi Ins. gacchatā, gacchantena gacchantebhi, gacchantehi
Dat., Gen. assa, imassa esaṃ, esānaṃ, imesaṃ, Dat., Gen. gacchato, gacchantassa gacchataṃ, gacchantānaṃ
imesānaṃ
Abl. gacchatā, gacchantamhā, gacchantebhi, gacchantehi
Abl. asmā, imamhā, imasmā ebhi, ehi, imebhi, imehi gacchantasmā
Loc. asmiṃ, imamhi, imasmiṃ esu, imesu Loc. gacchati, gacchante, gacchantesu
gacchantamhi. gacchantasmiṃ
Demonstrative pronoun ima (feminine)
Voc. gacchaṃ, gaccha, gacchā gacchanto, gacchantā
Singular Plural
Nom. ayaṃ imā, imāyo Present participle, active (feminine)
Acc. imaṃ imā, imāyo Singular Plural
Ins., Abl. imāya imābhi, imāhi Nom., Voc. gacchantī gacchantī, gacchantiyo
Dat., Gen. assā, assāya, imissā, imissāya, āsaṃ, āsānaṃ, imāsaṃ, Acc. gacchantiṃ gacchantī, gacchantiyo
imāya imāsānaṃ Ins., Abl. gacchantiyā gacchantībhi, gacchantīhi
Loc. assaṃ, imissaṃ, imāyaṃ imāsu Dat. Gen. gacchantiyā gacchantīnaṃ
Loc. gacchantiyaṃ, gacchantiyā gacchantīsu

Demonstrative pronoun ima (neuter)
Nom., Acc. idaṃ, imaṃ ime, imāni
The rest is similar to that of the masculine.

Present participle, active (neuter) Present participle, passive
Singular Plural The passive present participle is formed by adding ī+ya to the root before
the active terminations.
Nom. gacchaṃ gacchantā, gacchantāni
Acc. gacchantaṃ gacchante, gacchantāni ● pacīyamāna = being cooked

The rest is similar to that of the masculine.
All these have another form ending in -māna, like gacchamāna. In that form
they are declined like nara in the masculine, vanitā in the feminine, and
nayana in the neuter. Potential (future) participle, passive
The potential participle is formed by adding tabba and anīya to the verbal
● ataramāna = not being hurried base.
● anuppadiyamāna = being given
● kampamāna = trembling ● appameyya = immeasurable
● kurumāna = doing ● alabbhaneyya = that cannot be obtained
● khipanta = sneezing ● asaṅkheyya = innumerable
● taramāna = crossing [a stream] ● kattabba = must/to/should be done
● namassamāna = worshipping ● karaṇīya = must/to/should be done
● patiṭṭhāpayamāna = establishing ● kātabba = must/to/should be done
● ravamāna = making [a noise] ● kāriya = should be done
● visuṃ karonta = separating ● kicca = should be done
● vuccamāna = saying ● khajja = should be eaten
● honta = being ● gantabba = should be gone
● gamma = should be understood
● gayha = should be taken
● gārayha = should be despised

● cālanīya = movable Past participle

● cinteyya = thinkable ● akkuṭṭha = rebuked ● āditta = ablaze
● jeyya = should be conquered ● atikkanta = gone over, elapsed ● ānīta = brought
● ñātayya = should be known ● ativisiṭṭha = exquisite ● āraddha = begun
● taraṇīya = crossable ● atthata = spread ● ārūḷha = mounted, got into
● daṭṭhayya = should be seen ● anugata = followed by ● āsīna = sat
● dātabba = must/to/should be given ● anuññāta = allowed ● āhaṭa = brought
● deyya = should be given ● anudita = not arisen ● udita = risen
● neyya = should be led ● anuppatta = arrived, attained ● upakkiliṭṭha = dirty
● pattayya = should be arrived or attained ● anūhata = not destroyed ● upanīta = represented
● pariyodapetabba = must be cleansed ● antarahita = disappeared ● upasaṅkanta = approached
● peyya = should be drunk ● apakkanta = gone away ● uppanna = arisen, born
● bhavitabba = ought to be ● apanīta = removed ● uppādita = raised, produced
● māriya = should be killed ● appatīta = vexed ● ubbigga = agitated
● yogga = should be yoked ● abbūḷha = drawn out, removed ● otiṇṇa = descended
● leyya = should be licked ● abhikkanta = far spent ● onīta = removed from
● vajja = should be said ● kaṭhita = boiling hot ● kaṭṭha = ploughed
● vākya = should be spoken ● abhiññāta = distinguished, ● kata = done, made
● savaṇīya = must/to/should be heard well-known ● kārita (causative) = built
● sikkhitabba = should be practised, observed ● abhitthuta = praised ● kālakata = dead
● sotabba = must/to/should be heard ● abhipīḷita = ailing, oppressed ● kilanta = fatigued
● hāriya = should be carried ● avasiṭṭha = remaining ● kīta = bought
● avasitta = besprinkled ● kuddha = enraged, angry
● ākiṇṇa = full of, scattered with ● khacita = studded
● āgata = come ● khaṇḍākhaṇḍikajāta = dashed
● āṇatta = bidden into pieces

● khata = wounded ● naṭṭha = lost ● pamudita = greatly delighted ● maggapaṭipanna = journeying

● khanta = forgiven ● nahāta = bathed ● parikkhitta = surrounded by ● maṭṭha = polished
● gutta = protected ● nikkhitta = kept, placed ● parikkhīṇa = exhausted ● mata = dead
● ghuṭṭha = proclaimed ● nikhāta = dug out ● parippuṇṇa = completely filled ● mata = thought, known, idea
● cita = collected ● nipanna = lying down ● parivuta = accompanied by, ● matta = intoxicated
● cuta = passed away ● nipphanna = made, conditioned followed by, surrounded by ● malina = soiled
● channa = covered ● nibbatta = born ● paviṭṭha = entered ● mita = measured
● chinna = cut, broken ● nibbuta = tranquilled, peaceful ● pahaṭa = beaten ● mutta = released, freed
● jalita = glowing ● nimmita = created ● paharita = wounded ● mūḷha = gone astray, foolish
● jāta = born, grown ● nivattha = clad, clothed with, ● pahīna = eliminated ● yāta = gone
● jiṇṇa = old, decayed dressed ● paṃsumakkhita = soiled ● yutta = joined, connected with,
● jita = subdued, conquered ● nisinna = sat, seated ● pātubhūta = manifested endowed with, would be fitting
● ñāta = known ● nīta = led, carried ● pihita = shut ● yojita = yoked
● ṭhita = stood ● nhāta = bathed ● pipāsita = thirsty ● rata = delighted, amused
● tatta = heated ● pakka = cooked, boiled, heated ● pīta = drunk ● ruṭṭha = vexed, provoked, angry,
● tasita = thirsty ● pakkanta = gone ● puṭṭha = asked, questioned enraged
● tiṇṇa = crossed, gone ashore ● paññatta = prepared (bed, ● puṭṭha = brought up ● ruddha = obstructed
● daṭṭha = bitten, stung seat), pointed out, made known, ● puṇṇa = filled, full ● rūḷha = ascended
● daḍḍha = burnt laid down, ordained ● baddha = yoked, trapped ● lagga = adhered
● danta = subdued ● paṭicchanna = covered ● buddha = enlightened, known ● laddha = received, obtained
● diṭṭha = seen ● paṭimaṇḍita = decorated, ● bhagga = broken ● luddha = covetous, greedy
● dinna = given endowed ● bhanta = swerving ● lūna = cut, mowed
● dīna = miserable, mean ● paṭiyatta = prepared, made ready ● bhinna = broken ● vaṇita = wounded
● duṭṭha = corrupted ● patta = attained, arrived ● bhīta = frightened, afraid ● vāsita = scented
● duddha = milked ● patthaṭa = extensive ● bhutta = eaten ● vippamutta = released
● dubbinīta = badly trained ● paduṭṭha = corrupt ● bhūta = become, been ● visiṭṭha = distinguished,

diversified ● suvibhatta = well divided Present tense, active (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th conjugations)
● vutta = told, said, spoken ● susajjita = well prepared Singular Plural
● vuttha = lived, dwelt ● susamāhita = well performed
3rd pacati pacanti
● vupakaṭṭha = secluded ● susikkhita = skilful
● vyathita = wavering ● haṭa = carried 2nd pacasi pacatha
● saṅkiṇṇa = mixed ● haṭṭha = delighted 1st pacāmi pacāma
● saṅgamita = united ● hata = killed
● sajjita = prepared
Present tense, active (5th conjugation)
● sañchanna = covered with
Singular Plural
● santa = calmed
● sannipatita = assembled 3rd vikkiṇāti vikkiṇanti
● samāgata = assembled
2nd vikkiṇāsi vikkiṇātha
● samuṭṭhita = arisen
1st vikkiṇāmi vikkiṇāma
● sampatta = arrived
● sampanna = abundant
● sammaṭṭha = swept Present tense, active (7th conjugation)
● saraṇagata = taken refuge Singular Plural

● saṃvigga = agitated
3rd pāleti, pālayati pālenti, pālayanti
● saṃvuta = closed
● sītibhūta = cooled 2nd pālesi, pālayasi pāletha, pālayatha
● suciṇṇa = well practised or gathered 1st pālemi, pālayāmi pālema, pālayāma

● suta = heard
● sutta = slept
● sunivattha = well dressed
● supāruta = well robed
● suppatiṭṭhita = well established

Verb to be: atthi ● pavuccati = is said
Singular Plural ● paharīyati = is attacked

● pīyati = is drunk
3rd atthi santi
● bajjhati = is bound or confined
2nd asi attha ● bhijjati = is broken
1st amhi, asmi amha, asma ● bhuñjīyati = is eaten

● bhūyati = is becoming
● bhojīyati = is fed
Present tense, passive
● mārīyati = is killed
Singular Plural
● muccati = is released
3rd paharīyati paharīyanti ● labbhati = is gotten
● vaṇīyati = is wounded
2nd paharīyasi paharīyatha
● vajjīyati = is avoided
1st paharīyāmi paharīyāma
● vāsīyati = is perfumed
● vimhayena olokīyati = is admired
● agghīyati = is esteemed ● chijjati = is cut, is broken ● vuyhati = is floated, is carried away by water
● acchindīyati = is plundered ● ḍayhati = is burnt ● sarīyati = is remembered
● avāpurīyati = is opened ● dīyati = is given ● suyyati = is heard
● icchīyati = is wished ● nikhaṇīyati = is buried ● sūyati = is heard
● upanīyati = is served up ● nidhīyati = is deposited ● haññati = is killed
● olambīyati = is hung ● niyyati = is led or carried ● hasīyati = is laughed at
● karīyati = is done ● nīyati = is led or carried ● hiṃsīyati = is tormented
● kiṇīyati = is bought ● paccati = is cooked
● khajjati = is eaten ● paṭhīyati = is read
● cajīyati = is avoided ● patimānīyati = is admired
● cīyati = is collected ● parivārīyati = is accompanied

Aorist, active (1st, 2nd, 5th conjugations) Past conditional
3rd apacī, pacī, apaci, paci apaciṃsu, paciṃsu, apacuṃ, pacuṃ 3rd apacissā, apacissa apacissaṃsu
2nd apaco, paco apacittha, pacittha 2nd apacisse apacissatha
1st apaciṃ, paciṃ apacimha, pacimha, apacimhā, pacimhā 1st apacissa apacissamhā
Aorist, active (7th conjugation) Parokkhā bases (3rd person singular)
Singular Plural
● āha = has said
3rd pālesi, pālayi pālesuṃ, pālayuṃ, pālayimsu
● jagāma = has gone
2nd pālayo pālayittha ● jahāra = has carried
1st pālesiṃ, pālayiṃ pālayimha, pālayimhā ● babhūva = has been

● susoca = has mourned
Future tense
Singular Plural
3rd pacissati pacissanti
2nd pacissasi pacissatha
1st pacissāmi pacissāma

Imperative mood Causatives
Singular Plural ● acchādeti = puts on

● alaṅkāreti = causes to dress, robe
3rd pacatu pacantu
● āgameti = expects
2nd paca, pacāhi pacatha ● uggaṇhāpeti = teaches
1st pacāmi pacāma ● upanāmeti = presents

● uyyojeti = sends back, sends away
● ussāpeti = raises
Optative mood
● okirāpeti = strews
Singular Plural
● kampeti = causes to flutter
3rd paceyya paceyyuṃ ● kāreti = builds, erects, causes to do
● [puna] kāreti = rebuilds
2nd paceyyāsi paceyyātha
● khepeti = wastes
1st paceyyāmi paceyyāma
● gāhāpeti = causes to take
● corāpeti = causes to steal
Optative mood (attanopada) ● chādeti = covers
Singular Plural ● ṭhapeti = places
● dasseti = shows, pays [homage]
3rd pacetha paceraṃ
● dāpeti = causes to give
2nd pacetho paceyyavho ● dhāreti = possesses
1st paceyyaṃ paceyyāmhe ● nahāpeti = causes to bathe
● nipajjāpeti = lays down
● nivatteti = makes stay
● nivāreti = avoids
● nivāsāpeti = causes to dress, robe
● nivāseti = robes/dresses oneself

● nivedeti = informs ● yojāpeti = causes to harness Infinitives

● pakkosāpeti = sends for ● roseti = makes angry, enrages ● āvāhetuṃ = to marry (to a woman)
● paññāpeti = lays down, prepares ● vaḍḍhāpeti = advances ● kattuṃ = to do
● paṭicchāpeti = hands over ● vaḍḍheti = increases ● kātave = to do
● paṭisāmeti = sets in order ● vatteti = adopts ● kātuṃ = to do
● pabbājeti = causes to become a ● vasāpeti = causes to dwell, makes ● gantuṃ = to go
monk stay ● chettuṃ = to cut
● sanṭhapeti = adjusts ● vināseti = destroys ● ñātuṃ = to know
● payojeti = engages in ● vilimpāpeti = causes to be toiletted ● ṭhātuṃ = to stand
● palāpeti = drives away ● vissajjeti = leaves ● dātuṃ = to give
● pavatteti = begins rolling ● sannipāteti = assembles ● paṭiladdhuṃ = to attain
● paveseti = enters, takes in ● samassāseti = consoles ● pattuṃ = to arrive, to attain
● pasāreti = stretches ● sodheti = clears, inquires ● pātuṃ = to drink
● pājeti = drives ● soseti = causes to dry ● boddhuṃ = to perceive
● pāpeti = brings, advances ● bhottuṃ = to eat, to enjoy
● pāyeti = feeds, causes to drink ● yātuṃ = to go
● pāheti = causes to send ● laddhuṃ = to get, to obtain
● phāleti = splits, tears ● vattuṃ = to say
● bhūsāpeti = causes to be decorated ● vikketuṃ = to sell
● bhūseti = decks, adorns ● vivāhetuṃ = to marry (a woman away)
● bhojāpeti = causes to eat ● sotuṃ = to hear
● bhojeti = causes to eat ● hattuṃ = to carry
● makkheti = smears
● māreti = kills, slays
● mārāpeti = causes to kill
● moceti = unties, releases

Absolutives ● catvā = having abandoned

● akkamma = having trodden ● chādāpetvā = having caused to be covered or thatched
● aññāya = having known or understood ● chetvā = having cut or broken
● anuvicca = having known or considered ● ñatvā = having known
● abhirūhana = embarking, ascending, mounting ● ṭhatvā = having stood or stayed
● avecca = having understood ● ṭhapetvā = having placed, except
● āgamma = having come ● datvā = having given
● ādāya = having taken ● disvā = having seen
● ānīya = having brought ● dhovana = washing
● ārabbha = having begun, on account of, concerning ● nahātvā = having bathed
● āruyha = having ascended ● nikkhamma = having come out
● āhacca = having knocked or struck ● nipacca = having bowed down
● uggahetvāna = having learned ● nimantiya = having invited
● upasampajja = having attained, being ordained ● nisajja = having sat
● upecca = having come near ● nihacca = having knocked down
● uṭṭhāya = having risen [from the seat] ● nītvā = having carried
● upalabbha = having got ● netvā = having carried
● upahacca = having vexed ● paggayha = having raised up or held up
● uppajja = having been born or arisen ● patvā = having come or arrived
● okkamma = having gone aside ● paṭiggahetvā = having received or taken
● oruyha = having descended ● paṭissutvā = having replied
● katvā = having done ● paṭihata = having knocked against
● kārāpetvā = having (caused to be) done ● pamajja = having delayed, being negligent
● gantvā = having gone ● pavissa = having entered
● gayha = having taken ● pasādetvā = having converted
● gahetvā = having taken ● pahāya = having left or abandoned

● pātvā = having drunk Notes:

● pesetvā = having sent
● butvā = having eaten
● bhetvā = having broken or opened
● mantvā = having thought
● yātvā = having gone
● laddhā = having got
● vidhāya = having commanded or done
● vibhajja = having divided
● viceyya = having considered
● vineyya = having removed
● vivicca = having separated
● vuṭṭhāya = having risen up
● saṅgamma = having gathered together
● saṅgahetvā = having treated
● sammuyha = having forgotten
● sutvā = having heard
● hatvā = having killed
● hutvā = being, having being
● hantvā = having killed

Vocabulary ajjatana (adj) belonging to this day. attano attano (phrase) their own, their respective.
ajjhāvasati (v) dwells. attabhāva (m) state.
m* indicates masculine nouns of the mano-group. añña (pron/adj) other, another. attamana (adj) glad.
aññatara (pron/adj) certain. attha (m) necessity.
[a] aññatitthiya (m) person of other faith. atthaṅgacchati (v) disappears, [sun] sets.
aññatra (adv) without, in another place. atthannū (m) knower of the meaning.
akā (v) did. aññathā (adv) in another way. attharati (v) spreads.
akusala (n) bad deed. aññāsi (v) knew. atthāya (dat) for.
akkamati (v) treads upon. añño koci (phrase) someone else. atthi (v) verb to be.
akkosati (v) scolds. aṭavi (f) forest. atra (adv) here.
akkharasamaya (m) science of reading and writing. aṭṭha (num) eight. atha (indec) thereupon.
akkhi (n) eye. aṭṭhakathā (f) commentary. atha kho (phrase) and then.
agāra (n) house. aṭṭhama (adj) eighth. athavā (conj) or.
agga (adj) chief, foremost, highest, top. aṭṭhi (n) bone, seed. atho (indec) also.
aggamahesi (f) chief queen. aṇḍa (n) egg. adinnādāna (n) theft. [lit. taking what is not given.]
aggala (n) cross-bar, latch. aṇḍaja (m) born from an egg, bird or serpent. addha (num) half.
aggi (m) fire. atikaṭuka (adj) very severe. addhan (m) interval of time.
aṅgaṇa (n) open space. atikkamati (v) goes beyond, surpasses, leaves behind. addhamāsa (m) fortnight.
aṅgarakkhaka (m) body-guard. atikkameti (v) spends [time]. addharattaṃ (adv) middle of the night.
aṅgāra (m) charcoal. atichatta (n) special umbrella. addhā (m) long time. (adv) certainly, [is] sure.
aṅgula (m) inch. atithi (m) guest. addhānamagga (m) high road.
aṅguli (f) finger. atidukkara (adj) very difficult. adhana (adj) poor.
acala (adj) unshakable. atibhāriya (adj) very serious. adhika (adj) exceeding.
accanta (adj) sheer. atimahant (adj) immense. adhikatarussāha (m) utmost care.
accanta-namassanīya (adj) most worshipful. atirocati (v) shines very much. adhigacchati (v) attains, obtains, gets.
accayena (ins of accaya) after death. ativuṭṭhi (f) excess of rain. adhiṭṭhāti (v) resolves, determines.
acci (n) flame. atisundara (adj) excellent. adhiṭṭhāna (n) determination.
accha (m) bear. atīte (indec) once upon a time. adhipati (m) lord, leader, superior.
aja (m) goat. attaja (m) son. adhirājan (m) emperor.
ajja (adv) today. attan (pron) own, self. adhivasati (v) lives in.

adhivāsanā (f) assent, endurance. anuppabandha (m) recurring series. compound.

adho (adv) below. anubandhati (v) chases. antovassam (adv) within the rainy season.
adhogaṅgaṃ (adv) down the river. anubhavati (v) enjoys, suffers. andha (adj) blind.
anagāriya (n) homelessness. anumati (f) consent, approval, assent. andha-bāla (adj) very foolish [lit. blindly].
anagāriyaṃ pabbajati (phrase) leaves the household anuyuñjati (v) gives oneself up, practises, pursues. annadāyin (m) giver of rice or food.
life. anurathaṃ (adv) behind the chariot. anvaddhamāsaṃ (adv) once in a fortnight.
anattamana (adj) irritated. anuvattati (v) obeys. anvāyika (n) follower.
ananucchavika (adj) inappropriate. anuvassaṃ (adv) year by year, annually. anveti (v) follows.
anapāyinī (f) which does not leave. anuvātaṃ (adv) following or with the wind. apakāra (m) injury, mischief.
anariya (adj) ignoble, low. anuvāte (loc) in the direction of the wind. apakkamati (v) goes inside, deviates.
anasana (n) abstinence from food. anuvādeti (v) translates. apagacchati (v) goes away, moves aside, moves off,
anāgata (m) future. anuvitakketi (v) ponders over. departs, retires, abstains.
anātha (adj) helpless. anusaya (m) predisposition. apagatakāḷaka (adj) removed or cleansed of dark spots.
anicca (adj) impermanent. anusāsati (v) admonishes, advises. apaciti (f) reverence.
aniṭṭha (adj) not agreeable. anusāsana (n) admonition. apacināti (v) makes less, diminishes.
anu (prep) along. anussarati (v) remembers. apadatā (f) footlessness.
anukampati (v) sympathises. aneka (adj) many. apara (pron/adj) other, western.
anukaraṇa (n) imitation. anopamavaṇṇa (adj) of peerless beauty. aparabhāge (loc) afterwards.
anukkama (m) order. anta (m) end. aparādha (m) crime.
anukkamati (v) follows. antamaso (adv) at least. apāpurati (v) opens.
anukkamena (adv) gradually, by degrees. antaradhāyati (v) disappears. apāya (m) state of suffering.
anugacchati (v) follows, accompanies. antarā (adv) between. api (conj) too, even, also.
anugharaṃ (adv) house after house. antarāya (m) danger. apidhāna (n) lid.
anucchavika (adj) fit, suitable. antare (adv) among. apilāpeti (v) talks idly, boasts.
anujānāti (v) agrees. antima (adj) last, final. apiḷandha (adj) adorned.
anuññā (f) consent. ante (loc) finally. apeti (v) moves aside.
anutappati (v) repents. antevāsika (m) resident pupil. appaka (adj) few, a little [collective].
anudisā (f) intermediate quarter. anto (adv) inside, within. appasadda (adj) quiet.
anupaddava (adj) free from danger, safe. antogāma (n) inside the village, inner village. appassuta (adj) ignorant.
anupubbena (adv) in regular order, in due course, in turn. antonivesanaṅgaṇa (n) inner court, surrounded appoṭheti (v) claps hands.

abbuda (m) contention, dissension. [lit. tumour] abhisambujjhati (v) attains perfect knowledge. alaṃ (indec) enough.
abbha (n) cloud. abhisambodhi (f) perfect knowledge. alāta (n) firebrand.
abbhañjati (v) anoints. abhiseka (m) coronation. allīna (adj) clinging.
abbhantara (n) inner part. amacca (m) councillor. avajānāti (v) despises.
abbhantara[-gabbha] (m) vault. amata (n) ambrosia. avatthā (f) occasion.
abbhuggacchati (v) jumps up. amanussa (m) non-human being. avamāneti (v) despises.
abbhuṇha (adj) warm. amātāpitika (adj) orphan. avaṃsira (adj) head downward.
abbhuyyāti (v) marches against. amba (m,n) mango. avarodhaka (m) besieger.
abhikkanta (adj) brilliant. ambu (n) water. avasarati (v) arrives at.
abhikkamati (v) goes ahead, proceeds. ambho (particle used in addressing equals). avasiṭṭha (adj) remaining.
abhijjhā (f) covetousness. ammā (f) mother. avasesa (adj) remaining.
abhijjhālu (adj) covetous. aya (m*) iron. avaharati (v) takes away, steals.
abhiṇhaṃ (adv) constantly, not seldom. ayutta (n) injustice. avidūra (adj) near.
abhitthavati (v) applauds. ayoguḷa (m) iron ball. avisesaṃ (adv) alike.
abhitthunati (v) praises. ayopeḷā (f) iron safe. avera (m) benevolence, friendliness.
abhidhamma (m) special doctrine. ayomaya (adj) made of iron. asaṅkheyya (n) the highest number.
abhidhāvati (v) runs against. ayya (m) lord. asani (f) thunder-bolt.
abhinandati (v) rejoices, expresses approval. arañña (n) forest. asappurisa (m) wicked person.
abhinikkhamati (v) leaves the household life, retires from araññavihāra (m) forest-dwelling. asamattha (adj) not able.
the world. araha (adj) worthy of. asi (m) sword.
abhinīharati (v) brings forth, takes out. arahatta (n) the highest stage of the Path. asuci (m) dung, dirt. (adj) impure.
abhinīhāra (m) aspiration. arahant (m) saint. asnāti (v) eats.
abhimukha (n) presence. (adj) facing, opposite. ari (m) enemy. assa (m) horse.
abhirati (f) delight, satisfaction. ariya (adj) noble. assattha (m) fig tree.
abhiramati (v) enjoys. ariyasacca (n) noble truth. assabhaṇḍaka (n) horse trappings. (m) groom.
abhirūpa (adj) handsome, very beautiful. ariyasāvaka (m) a disciple who has attained the path. assama (m) hermitage.
abhivaḍḍhati (v) increases. aroga (adj) free from sickness. assamaṇa (m) not a monk.
abhivādeti (v) salutes, bows down. alaṅkaroti (v) adorns, decorates. assasālā (f) stable.
abhivisiṭṭharūpa (adj) supremely beautiful. alaṅkāra (m) ornament. assu (n) tear.
abhisanda (m) result. alattha (v) got. aha (n) day.

ahata (adj) new. ānubhāva (m) power, splendour. āsanna (adj) near.
ahi (m) serpent. āneti (v) brings. āsannaṭṭhāna (n) neighbourhood.
aho (indec) alas! āpaṇa (m) shop, market. āsamuddaṃ (adv) as far as the sea-coast.
ahosi (v) was. āpabbatā (phrase) as far as the mountain. āsaya (m) deposit.
āpānamaṇḍala (n) drinking or banquet hall. āsava (m) passion.
[ā] ābādha (m) sickness. āsiñcati (v) sprinkles, pours.
ābharaṇa (n) ornament. āsiṃ (v) [I] was.
ākaṅkhati (v) wishes. ābhujati (v) bends. āha (v) said, told.
ākaḍḍhati (v) pulls, drags. āma (adj) unripe. (indec, voc) yes. āharati (v) brings.
ākara (m) deposit. āmanteti (v) calls, addresses. āhāra (m) food.
ākāsa (m) sky. āyasmantu (adj) venerable. āhiṇḍati (v) wanders, roams, travels.
ākirati (v) scatters, pours. āyāti (v) approaches.
ākoṭeti (v) knocks upon. āyu (n) age. [i]
ākhu (m) rat. āyudha (n) weapon.
āgacchati (v) comes. ārabhati (v) begins. icchati (v) wishes, wants.
āgantuka (m) stranger. ārāma (m) garden, monastery. iṭṭha (adj) agreeable.
āgantukāma (adj) willing to come. āruhati (v) ascends, climbs. mounts. iṇa (n) debt.
āgamana (ger) arrival. ārogya (n) health. itara (pron/adj) the other.
ācariya (m) teacher, commentator. āroceti (v) announces, informs. iti (indec) thus.
ācikkhati (v) tells, says, informs. ārohaṇa (n) ascending. iti jāni (phrase) knew that.
āṇā (f) command. ālinda (m) terrace. ito (adv) hence.
āṇāpeti (v) bids, orders. āloka (m) light. itthaṃ (adv) thus.
ātapa (m) heat of the sun. āvapati (v) gives away. itthī (f) woman.
ādi (m) beginning. (n) et cetera, and so on. āvasathāgāra (n) resthouse. idāni (adv) now.
ādicca (m) sun. āvahāti (v) brings. iddhibala (n) supernatural power.
... ādiṃ katvā (phrase) from ... on. āvāṭa (m) pit. iddhimantu (adj) possessed of supernatural power.
ādhāvati (v) runs here and there. āvāha-vivāha-sambandha (m) matrimonial alliance. idha (adv) here.
ādhipacca (n) lordship, government. āvuṇāti (v) strings, fixes on. indriya (n) sense.
ādhipateyya (n) lordship, power. āvuso (indec, voc) brethren, friend. ima (pron) this.
ānisaṃsa (m) result. āsana (n) seat. iriyāpatha (m) posture.

iva (indec) like, as. uttāna (adj) shallow. upavattati (v) takes place.
isi (m) sage, hermit. udaka (n) water. upavāda (m) blaming, finding fault.
issara (m) ruler. udadhi (m) ocean, sea. upasaṅkamati (v) approaches, draws near.
iha (indec) here. udaya (m) increase, rise. upasampadā (f) [higher] ordination.
udara (n) stomach. upasampādeti (v) ordains.
[u] udariya (n) undigested food. upasevati (v) takes [medicine].
udeti (v) [the sun or moon] rises. upasevanā (f) keeping company, pursuit.
ukkā (f) torch. uddhaṃ (indec) zenith. upassaya (m) house.
ukkāsati (v) coughs, clears the throat. uddhaṃpāda (adj) feet upward. upāgacchati (v) approaches, comes to, arrives at,
ukkujjati (v) turns up. upakaraṇa (n) thing. reaches.
ukkhipati (v) raises up, throws up. upakāra (m) help. upāyakusala (adj) clever.
uggaṇhāti (v) learns, studies. upakkama (m) means, expedient, attack, plan. upāsaka (m) devotee, layman.
uggaṇhitukāma (adj) willing to learn. upacināti (v) collects, gathers. upāsikā (f) female devotee.
ugghoseti (v) shouts. upajjhāya (m) preceptor [to a monk]. upāhana (m) sandals.
ucca (adj) high, tall. upaṭṭhāka (m) servitor. uposathakamma (n) keeping of the Uposatha, obervance
uccaṭṭhāna (n) high position. upaṭṭhāti (v) approaches. of eight precepts.
uccināti (v) selects. upatthambheti (v) helps. uppakkamati (v) strives, plans.
ucchindati (v) cuts off, breaks up, destroys. upadhāreti (v) looks out for. uppajjati (v) is born, arises.
ucchu (m) sugarcane. upanagara (n) suburb. uppaṭṭhāna (n) attending, nursing.
uju (adj) straight. upanagaraṃ (adv) near the town. uppala (n) water-lily.
uṭṭhahati (v) rises, stands up. upanayhati (v) wraps, twists round. uppādeti (v) makes, obtains.
uṭṭhāpeti (v) raises, awakens. upanisīdati (v) sits near. ubhaya (pron/adj) both.
uḍḍeti (v) flies. upanissāya (abs) depending on, close by. ubhayathā (adv) in both ways.
uṇha (adj) hot. upaneti (v) brings up, presents. ummagga (m) wrong path, a tunnel.
utuguṇa (m) climate. upaparikkhati (v) examines, enquires, inspects. uyyāna (n) park, pleasance.
uttama (adj) highest, greatest. upabbajati (v) visits. uyyānapāla (m) gardener.
uttamaṅgaruha (m) hair [on the head]. upamāna (n) comparison. uyyānabhūmi (f) park, garden.
uttara (adj) northern. upari (adv) up, over, on top, overhead. uyyojeti (v) sends away.
uttaritara (adj) higher, nobler. uparima (adj) uppermost. ura (m*) breast.
uttariṃ (adv) further. upalimpeti (v) bedaubs. uraga (m) serpent.

ussava (m) festival. evaṃ (adv) thus, as follows, so, yes. kakkhaḷa (adj) cruel.
ussahati (v) tries, attempts, strives, endeavours. evarūpa (adj) such, of this sort. kaṅkhā (f) doubt.
ussāraṇā (f) causing to move back. eḷamūga (m) idiot. kacavara (m) refuse.
uḷunka (m) ladle. kacchapa (m) tortoise, turtle.
[o] kacchu (f) itch.
[e] kañcuka (m) mantle.
okāsa (m) space, room, place. kaññā (f) girl, maiden, young woman.
ek'evā (indec) each. okirati (v) strews. kaṭacchu (m) spoon.
eka (pron/adj) one, certain. okkamati (v) descends, leaves [the road]. koṭṭhaka (m) an enclosure, a closet.
ekaka (adj) single, alone. ocināti (v) gathers [together], collects. kaṇiṭṭha (adj) youngest.
ekakkhattuṃ (adv) once. oja (m*) splendour. kaṇeru (f) she-elephant.
ekakkhika (adj) one-eyed. ojavanta (adj) rich in sap, nourishing. katama (pron/adj) which [of the many].
ekacca (adj) some. otarati (v) gets down. katara (pron/adj) which [of the two].
ekato (adv) together. otāra (m) chance, fault. katidhā (adv) in how many ways?
ekattha (adv) in one place. odana (m) cooked rice. katipaya (adj) few [distributive].
ekadā (adv) one day, once. odhi (m) limit. kattar (m) doer, maker, builder, author.
ekadhā (adv) in one way. onamati (v) bends down. kattha (adv) where?
ekamantaṃ (adv) aside, on one side. obhāsa (m) lustre, light. kathaṃ (adv) how? in what way?
ekameka (pron) each one. omuñcati (v) takes off [shoes, etc.], removes, unfastens. kathā (f) speech, sermon.
ekaṃsena (adv) in all probability. oruhati (v) descends. katheti (v) tells, says, speaks, talks, answers.
ekībhāvam-upaneti (v) unites. orodha (m) harem. kadalī (f) plantain; pennant.
ekeka (adj) one by one. olambati (v) hangs. kadā (adv) when?
eta (pron) this, that. oloketi (v) looks at, watches. kanaka (n) gold.
etad ahosi (phrase) this [thought] arose [in him]. ovadati (v) admonishes. kantati (v) spins.
eti (v) comes. ovaraka (m) apartment, inner chamber. kantāra (m) desert.
ettaka (adj) this much. osāne (loc) finally. kandati (v) cries aloud.
ettha (adv) here. kapi (m) monkey.
eva (adv) surely, so, only. [k] kappa (m) an aeon.
evam eva (phrase) just so. kappeti (v) caparisons.
evam evaṃ (phrase) just so. ka (pron) who? kama (n) course, order.

kampati (v) shakes. kāla (m) time. kumārī (f) girl, princess, damsel.
kambala (m,n) [woollen] blanket. kālass'eva (indec) early. kumuda (n) white water-lily.
kamma (n) action, deed. kālaṃ karoti (v) dies. kumbha (m) pot.
kammakāra (n) worker, labourer. kāsāva (n) orange-coloured garment, monk's robe. kumbhakāra (m) potter.
kammakkhaya (m) exhaustion of karma. kāsu (f) pit. kumbhaghosaka (m) name of a person.
kammaja (m) arisen through a previous action. kāḷa (adj) black. kula (n) family, caste, household.
kammaṭṭhāna (n) topic for meditation. kikī (f) blue jay. kulaparivaṭṭa (n) generation.
kammanta (m) business, work. kicca (n) work, business. kulaputta (m) clansman, son of a respectable family.
karaṇḍa (m) casket. kiñci (indec) something. kulavantu (adj) of high caste.
karī (m) elephant. kiṇāti (v) buys. kusa (m) a kind of fragrant grass.
karuṇā (f) compassion. kittaka (adj) how much. kusala (n) good, meritorious deed.
karoti (v) does, acts, performs, builds. kitti (f) fame. [upāya-]kusala (adj) clever.
kavi (m) poet. kiṃ su (indec) an interrogative particle. kuhaṃ (adv) where?
kasati (v) ploughs. kira (narrative) you know. kuhiṃ (adv) where?
kasana (ger) ploughing. kilañja (m) mat. kūjati (v) sings [of birds].
kasmā (adv) why? kilanta (adj) weary. kūṭa (m) mass, heap.
kassaka (m) farmer. kīḷati (v) plays. kūpa (m) well.
kahāpaṇa (m) florin, coin. kukkuṭī (f) hen. kūla (n) bank [of a river, etc.]
kāka (m) crow. kucchi (m) belly. ketu (m) banner.
kākī (f) she-crow. kuñjara (m) elephant. kesa (m) hair.
kāṇa (adj) blind [in one eye]. kuṭṭha (n) leprosy. kesadhātu (f) hair-relic.
kāma (m) sensual pleasure. (suffix/adj) desirous. kuṭṭhī (m) leper. kesava (adj) having much hair.
kāmatā (f) desire. kuṇi (adj) crooked-handed, having a paralysed arm. kokila (m) cuckoo.
kāmaṃ (indec) surely. kuṇḍikā (f) pitcher. koci (indec) whoever, someone.
kāya (m) body. kuto (adv) from where? koṭi (num) crore = 10 million.
kāyika (adj) bodily. kudācanaṃ (indec) sometimes. [na kudācanaṃ = kodha (m) anger.
kāraka (m) builder. never] kosalla (n) cleverness.
kāraṇa (n) reason. kuppati (v) is angry. koḷambanagara (m) Colombo.
kāriya (n) work. kubbati (v) does.
kāretar (m) one who causes to do. kumāra (m) boy, prince. [ kh ]

gaṅgā (f) river. gāravaṃ dassetuṃ (phrase) to pay homage.

khajja (n) hard food. gacchati (v) goes. gāravena (ins) in homage.
khajjopanaka (m) fire-fly. gajjati (v) roars. gāvī (f) cow.
khaṇa (m) moment. gaṇa (m) crowd, sect. gāha (m) taking.
khaṇati (v) digs. gaṇikā (f) courtesan. gāhaka (m) taker, bearer.
khaṇḍa (m) piece. gaṇī (m) one who has a following. gāhāpaka (m) one who causes to take.
khattiya (adj) of warrior caste. gaṇhāti (v) takes. gimhika (adj) suited for the summer.
khanti (f) patience. gantar (m) goer. giri (m) mountain, hill.
khandha (m) shoulder. aggregate, great mass, trunk [of gantukāma (adj) anxious to go. gilāna (adj) sick [person].
a tree]. ganthakāra (m) author of a book. gilānūpama (adj) similar to a patient.
khandhāvāra (m) camp. ganthāvali (f) literature. gihī (m) layman.
khara (adj) rough, coarse. gandha (m) smell, fragrance, odour. gīta (n) song, hymn, singing.
khalu (indec) indeed. gandhodaka (n) scented water. gīvā (f) neck.
khāṇu (m) stump. gabbha (m) chamber. guṇa (m) virtue.
khādati (v) eats. gamana (n) going, walking. guṇavantu (adj) virtuous.
khinnacitta (adj) disappointed. gamanamagga (n) the path that is to be gone. gumbantara (n) enclosure [of trees].
khipati (v) throws, casts, hurls. gambhīra (adj) deep. guhā (f) cave.
khippaṃ (adv) quickly. garahati (v) despises. gelañña (n) sickness.
khīṇasava (m) saint. garu (m) teacher. geha (m,n) house, building.
khīra (n) milk. garukaroti (v) pays reverence. go (m) cattle.
khīrapāyāsa (m) meal of rice-milk. garugabbhā (f) pregnant. gocara (m) food, object.
khīrapāyin (m) mammal, one who drinks milk. gavesati (v) seeks. goṇa (m) ox, bull.
khudā (f) hunger, famine. gahana (n) taking, holding. godhā (f) iguana.
khuddaka (adj) small. gahapati (m) householder. gopānasī (f) roof-gable.
khetta (n) field. gāthā (f) verse. gopuraṭṭha (adj) stood on the gate-tower.
kheda (m) despair. gāma (m) village. gopeti (v) guards, protects.
kho (indec) indeed. gāmavāsī (m) villager.
gāmika (n) villager, peasant. [ gh ]
[g] gāyati (v) sings.
gārava (m) respect, homage, reverence, heaviness. ghaṭa (m) water-pot.

ghata (n) ghee. cāga (m) charity, leaving, forsaking. chaḷabhiññāppatta (adj) one who has attained the six
ghanaṃ (adv) thickly. cārikaṃ carati (v) travels. supernatural powers.
ghara (n) house. cārikā (f) wandering, journey. chādeti (v) covers, conceals.
gharāvāsa (m) household life. citta (n) mind. chāyā (f) shadow, shade.
ghātika (adj) mixed with ghee. cittaṃ karoti (v) makes up the mind. chindati (v) cuts.
ghāna (n) nose. cittaṃ paṇidahati (v) makes up the mind. chettar (m) cutter.
ghāyati (v) smell. cintayati (v) thinks. cheda (m) loss.
cintā (f) thought.
[c] cinteti (v) thinks. [j]
ciraṃ (adv) for a long time.
ca (conj, enclitic) and, also. ce (conj, enclitic) if. jaṅghā (f) calf of the leg shank.
cakka (n) wheel. ceta (m*) thought. jaṭā (f) plaiting.
cakkamagga (m) track of a wheel. cetiya (n) shrine, pagoda. jaṭiya (m) ascetic.
cakkavattī (m) universal monarch. cetiyaṅgaṇa (n) platform around a shrine. jaṭila (m) ascetic.
cakkāyudha (n) sceptre-javelin. cetopasāda (m) gratification. jaṇṇu (n) knee.
cakkumantu (adj) possessor of eyes. cuṇṇeti (v) powders. jaṇṇumatta (adj) knee-deep.
cakkhu (n) eye. cora (m) thief, robber, bandit. jatu (n) sealing wax.
cajati (v) abandons. coreti (v) steals. jana (m) person, people.
catu (num) four. janatā (f) populace.
catuttha (adj) fourth. [ ch ] janapada (m) country, territory, province, district.
catuppada (adj) quadruped, that which has four feet. jambudīpa (m) India.
catubbidha (adj) fourfold. cha (num) six. jayaggāhaka (adj) conquering.
canda (m) moon. chaṭṭha (adj) sixth. jayati (v) conquers, is victorious.
candana (n) sandal-wood. chaḍḍeti (v) throws away. jarā (f) decay.
camarī (m) the yak. chaṇa (m) festival. jala (n) water.
camma (n) skin. chatta (n) umbrella. jalati (v) blazes, shines, burns.
carati (v) walks, travels. chattagāhin (m) bearer of an umbrella. jahati (v) leaves, abandons.
carapurisa (m) spy. chattī (m) possessor of an umbrella. jahāti (v) leaves, abandons.
carita (n) living, life, wandering. chanda (m*) metrics. jalaṭṭha (m) situated in or on the water.
cavati (v) passes away. chavi (f) upper skin. java (m) speed.

jāti (f) species, class. ñāti (m) relation. tathā (adv) just so, so that, like that, in that way.
jānapadika (m) peasant. tathā pi (indec) but, but perhaps.
jānāti (v) knows. [ ṭh ] tathāgata (m) the Buddha.
jānu (n) knee. tad eva (phrase) same thing.
jāyati (v) arises, is born. ṭhapeti (v) keeps, places, sets up, fixes. tadā (adv) then.
jāyā (f) wife. ṭhāna (n) place. tanoti (v) expands.
jālika (m) one who lives by fishing with a net. ṭhānaso (adv) according to the place or cause. tantavāya (m) weaver.
jāleti (v) kindles, lights. tapati (v) shines.
jina (m) victor. [ḍ] tapa (m*) religious austerity.
jināti (v) conquers, wins. tapassī (m) hermit.
jivhā (f) tongue. ḍasati (v) bites. tapodhana (m) monk.
jīvati (v) lives. tama (m*) darkness.
jīvikaṃ kappeti (phrase) gains a livelihood. [t] tamonuda (adj) dispelling darkness.
jīvita (n) life. tamba (m) brass.
jeṭṭha (adj) elder. ta (pron) that. tambūla (n) betel [leaf].
jeti (v) conquers. takkika (m) logician. taya (n) triad.
jetar (m) victor, winner, conqueror. taṇḍula (m,n) rice (uncooked). tarati (v) crosses.
jotati (v) glows. taṇḍulika (m) rice merchant. taru (m) tree.
taṇhā (f) lust, thirst. taruṇī (f) young woman.
[ jh ] tata'eva (indec) similarly. tala (n) level.
tatiya (adj) third. tasmā (indec) therefore.
jhāna (n) trance, meditation. tato (adv) from there. tahaṃ (adv) there.
jhāpeti (v) burns over, sets on fire. tato nidānam (phrase) on that account, through that. tahiṃ (adv) there.
jhāma (adj) charred. tato paṭṭhāya (phrase) thence, since then. tāta (m) dear son or father.
jhāyati (v) ponders. tattaka (adj) same amount. tāpasa (m) hermit.
tatth'eva (adv) on the spot. tāpasī (f) female hermit.
[ñ] tattha (adv) there, in that state. tāpeti (v) heats.
tattha tattha (phrase) here and there. tārakā (f) star.
ñāṇa (n) wisdom. tatra (adv) there. tālapaṇṇa (n) palmyra leaf, ola.
ñātar (n) knower. tath'eva (indec) likewise. tālavana (n) palmyra grove.

tāva (indec) till then, so long. tela (n) oil. danta (m) tusk.
tāvataka (adj) that much. telappadīpa (m) oil lamp. dantakaṭṭha (n) toothbrush, a stick to cleanse teeth.
tāḷa (m) music. telika (m) dealer in oil. danta-kalyāṇa (n) splendour of teeth.
ti (num) three. dantadhātu (f) tooth relic.
tika (n) triad. [ th ] dantī (m) elephant.
tiṭṭhati (v) stands, remains, stays, waits. dabba (n) material.
tiṇa (n) grass. thanapa (m) infant. damiḷa-rājan (m) Tamil king.
titti (f) satisfaction. thambha (m) pillar. dameti (v) subdues.
titthiya (m) heretical teacher. thala (n) land. dayā (f) kindness.
tipiṭakapāḷi (f) the text of the Buddhist Canon. thalaja (m) born or arisen on the land. dayālu (adj) compassionate.
tipu (n) lead. thalaṭṭha (m) situated or living on the land. dasa (num) ten.
tiriyaṃ (adv) across. thāma (m*) strength. dasama (adj) tenth.
tiro (adv) across. thāmadassī (m) one who knows his strength. dassana (n) seeing, sight.
tiṃsati (num) thirty. thāla (n) dish, plate. dassanīya (adj) beautiful, handsome.
tīra (n) bank. thuti (f) praise. dahara (adj) young.
tuṭṭha (adj) glad. thera (m) elder, senior monk. daḷidda (adj) poor.
tuṭṭhi (f) pleasure. thoka (adj) a little, small daḷha (adj) tight, firm.
tuṭṭho bhava (voc) be merry. thokaṃ (adv) a little. daḷhaṃ (adv) tightly, strictly.
tuṇḍa (n) beak. thometi (v) praises. dāṭhā (f) tusk.
tuṇḍila (m) pecker. dāṭhī (m) tusker.
tuṇhī bhavati (v) keeps silence. [d] dātar (m) giver.
tutta (n) a pike for guiding an elephant. dāna (n) charity, alms.
turita-turitam (adv) quickly. dakkhiṇa (adj) right, southern. dānadāya (m) alms-giver.
turiyabhaṇḍa (n) musical instrument. daṇḍa (m) staff. dānapati (m) liberal donor, philanthrophist.
tulā (f) scale, balance. daṇḍaka (m) twig. dāpeti (v) gives.
teja (m*) heat, power. daṇḍadīpikā (f) torch. dāpetu (m) one who causes to give.
tejassī (adj) brilliant, powerful. daṇḍa-parāyaṇa (adj) leaning on a staff. dāma (m) wreath.
tena kho pana samayena (phrase) at that time. dadāti (v) gives. dāyaka (n) giver, donor.
tena hi (indec) therefore. daddu (f) eczema. dāyāda (m) inheritance.
temeti (v) gets wet. dadhi (n) curd. dāra (m) wife.

dāraka (m) boy, child, baby. duṭṭha (adj) wicked, evil. dolā (f) palanquin.
dārikā (f) girl. dutiya (adj) second. dovārika (m) gate-keeper.
dāru (n) firewood, wood, timber. duddasa (adj) difficult to see. dosa (m) fault, misdeed.
dārumaya (adj) wooden. dundubhi (f) drum. dohaḷa (m) longing [of a pregnant woman].
dāsa (m) slave, servant. dubbaṇṇa (adj) ugly. dvaya (n) pair.
dāsī (f) slave woman. dubbala (adj) feeble, weak. dvādasa (num) twelve.
dāḷiddiya (n) poverty. dubbhikkha (n) scarcity of food, famine. dvāra (n) door, gate.
diguṇa (adj) twofold. duma (m) tree. dvi (num) two.
dija (m) bird, brahman [lit. twice-born]. dumagga (n) treetop. dvika (n) pair.
dijagaṇa (m) flock of bird. dullabha (adj) rare, difficult to get. dvikkhattuṃ (adv) twice.
dinakara (m) sun, maker of the day. duvidha (adj) of two kinds. dvidhā (adv) into two.
dinnasuṅka (m) tax officer. dussa (n) cloth. dve vāre (acc, plural) twice.
dibba (adj) divine, celestial. dussati (v) vexes. dvedhā (adv) in two.
dibbati (v) plays. dussīla (adj) of bad character.
dibbasampatti (f) heavenly bliss. duhitu (f) daughter. [ dh ]
divasa (m) day. dūta (m) envoy, messenger.
disā (f) direction, quarter. dūrato (indec) from afar. dhaja (m) streamer, banner.
disāpāmokkha (adj) famed far and wide, eminent in a dūraṃ (adv) far. dhañña (n) corn.
district. dūseti (v) corrupts. dhaññaphala (n) harvest.
dissati (v) appears. deti (v) gives. dhaññamāya (m) measurer of corn.
dīgha (adj) long. deva (m) god, deity, sire. dhana (n) wealth.
dīghajīvī (m) possessor of a long life. devatā (f) deity. dhanavantu (adj) rich, wealthy, well-to-do.
dīpa (m) island, lamp. devadūta (m) heavenly messenger. dhanu (n) bow.
dīpi (m) leopard, tiger. devasika (adj) daily. dhanuggaha (m) archer.
duccarita (n) vice, bad conduct. devāyatana (n) temple. dhanena (ins) in point of wealth.
dukkara (adj) difficult to do. devī (f) queen, goddess. dhamma (m) doctrine, norm.
dukkha (n) suffering, trouble, pain, misery. desanā (f) discourse, preaching. dhammakathika (m) preacher.
dukkhaṃ (adv) with difficulty, miserably. deseti (v) preaches. dhamma-cakkhu (m) eye of wisdom.
dukkhita (adj) poor, weary. dehanissita (adj) connected with the body. dhammacārī (m) observer of the Dhamma.
duggandha (m) bad smell. doṇi (f) boat. dhammaṭṭha (adj) righteous.

dhammadesanā (f) religious discourse. naṅgala (n) plough. nāyaka (m) leader.
dhammadhara (m) learned in the doctrine. naṅguṭṭha (n) tail. nārī (f) woman.
dhammarāja (m) king of righteousness. nacca (n) dance. nāvā (f) ship.
dhammavādin (m) preacher, righteous person. naccati (v) dances. nāvika (m) sailor.
dhamma-vinaya (m) doctrine and discipline. nattu (m) grandson. nāsā (f) nose.
dhammasangīti (f) rehearsal of the Dhamma. nadī (f) river. nāsikā (f) nose.
dhammāsana (n) pulpit. nandana (n) rejoicing. nāḷi (f) corn-measure.
dhammika (adj) righteous. nabha (m*) sky, air. nāḷikera (m,n) coconut.
dhaṃsati (v) falls from, sinks down. namassati (v) bows down. nikāya (m) sect.
dhātu (f) element, relic. nayati (v) leads. nikāyattaya (n) three sections or sects.
dhārā (f) blade. nara (m) man. nikūjati (v) chirps, warbles.
dhāreti (v) knows by heart, bears. nava (num) nine. (adj) fresh. nikkujjati (v) turns down.
dhāvati (v) runs. navakathā (f) novel. nikkhamati (v) departs, sets forth, comes out of, goes out.
dhītu (f) daughter. navaṅga (adj) that which has nine divisions. nikhanati (v) digs.
dhuṇāti (v) shakes, destroys. navappabandha (m) novel. nikhila (adj) whole.
dhura (n) office, responsibility. navama (adj) ninth. nikhilavijjālaya (m) university.
dhuvaṃ (adv) [is] sure. nahāyati (v) bathes. nigacchati (v) goes down to, undergoes, suffers.
dhūli (f) dust. nahuta (n) ten thousand. nigaṇṭha (m) naked ascetic.
dhenu (f) cow [of any kind]. nāga (m) elephant. niggata (adj) departing from.
dhovati (v) washes. nāgara (m) citizen. nigrodha (m) Banyan tree.
dhovana (n) washing. nāginda (m) nāga chief. nicaya (m) heaping up, a heap.
nāṭakitthī (f) dancing-girl. nidahati (v) deposits.
[n] nāṭikā (f) female musician. niddā (f) sleep.
nātha (m) lord. (adj) able. nidhi (m) hidden treasure.
na kiñci (indec) naught. nānappakāra (adj) of various kinds. nindati (v) despises.
na koci (indec) nobody. nānā (adv) separately. (indec) various. nipajjati (v) lies down.
na cirass'eva (phrase) shortly after. nānāvaṇṇa (adj) multi-coloured, of various colours. nipuṇa (adj) clever.
nagara (n) city, town. nānāsattha (n) various sciences. nibaddhaṃ (adv) always.
nagaravāsī (m) citizen. nānāsippa (n) various arts. nibbattati (v) is born.
nagga (adj) naked. nāma (n) name. (indec) indeed. nibbatteti (v) produces.

nibbāṇa (n) the summum bonum of the Buddhists. nūnam (adv) certainly. paccuṭṭheti (v) rises from the seat.
nibbindati (v) becomes disgusted [with locative]. neka-koṭisata (adj) counted by many crores. paccuttaram adāsi (v) replied.
nimanteti (v) invites. neti (v) carries, leads. paccupaṭṭhāpeti (v) retains, regains.
nimittapāṭhaka (m) soothsayer. netar (m) leader. pacchato (indec) behind.
nimmala (adj) stainless. nepuñña (n) skill, experience. pacchā (adv) afterwards.
nimmināti (v) creates. nerayika (m) inhabitant of hell. pacchābhattaṃ (indec) afternoon [lit. after the meal].
niyāmeti (v) assigns, allots. no ce (indec) else. pacchāsamaṇa (m) attendant [monk].
niyuttaka-purisa (m) officer-in-charge. pacchima (adj) western, last.
niyojeti (v) commissions. [p] pacchimayāma (m) last watch.
niyyāti (v) goes out. pacchimābhimukha (adj) facing the west.
niyyānika (adj) leading to [salvation]. pakāseti (v) expresses, declares, makes known, pajahati (v) leaves.
niraya (m) hell. manifests. pajānāti (v) knows clearly.
niravasesa (adj) entire. pakka (adj) ripe. pañca (num) five.
nirupaddava (adj) free from danger. pakkamati (v) goes forth/away. pañcadhā (adv) in five ways.
niroga (adj) healthy. pakkosati (v) summons, calls near. pañcama (adj) fifth.
nivāseti (v) wears, dresses. pakkhāleti (v) washes. pañcaso (adv) five by five.
nivesana (n) house, lodging, dwelling. pakkhipati (v) puts in, throws in. pañña (adj) wise.
nisākara (m) moon. pakkhī (m) bird. paññā (f) wisdom.
nisinnaka (adj) sitting. paggaṇhāti (v) raises up, holds out. paññavantu (adj) wise.
nisīdati (v) sits, stays. paṅka (m) mud. paññāvuddhi (f) increase of wisdom.
nissāya (indec) on account of, close to, concerning. paṅkaja (m) lotus. paññāsā (num) fifty.
nissitaka (adj) dependent. paṅkeruha (n) lotus. pañha (m) question.
nisseṇī (f) ladder. pacati (v) cooks. paṭikkamati (v) goes back, steps backwards, retreats.
nīca (adj) inferior, low, vulgar. pacana (n) cooking. paṭikkūla (adj) disgusting.
nīcapurisa (m) dwarf, vulgar man. paccakkhaṃ (adv) face to face. paṭikkhipati (v) refuses.
nītigantha (m) law-book. paccantima (adj) remote. paṭigaṇhāti (v) accepts.
nīla (adj) blue. paccassosi (v) replied. paṭicca (indec) on account of, following upon [with acc.].
nīvaraṇa (n) hindrance to the progress of the mind. paccāgacchati (v) goes back, returns. paṭicchādeti (v) clothes.
nīharati (v) ejects, takes out. paccājāta (adj) reborn. paṭijaggati (v) looks after.
nu (indec) [interrogative particle] paccuggamanaṃ karoti (phrase) goes forth to meet. paṭijānāti (v) promises.

paṭiññā (f) consent, promise. paṇīta (adj) delicious, sweet, high. padakkhiṇā (f) circumambulation, going round.
paṭinivattati (v) returns, goes back. paṇḍicca (n) scholarship, erudition. padaso (adv) word by word.
paṭinissajati (v) gives up. paṇḍita (adj) wise. padika (m) pedestrian.
paṭipajjati (v) practises. paṇḍitācariya (m) professor. padīpa (m) lamp, light.
paṭipāṭi (f) order. paṇṇa (n) leaf. paduma (n) lotus.
paṭipāṭiyā (adv) in succession. paṇṇasālā (f) leaf hut. padesa (m) province, district.
paṭipāṭiyā ṭhatvā (phrase) ranging in order. paṇṇākāra (m) present. padhaṃsiya (adj) violated.
paṭibhāti (v) dawns on, comes to one's mind. patati (v) falls, falls down. padhāna (adj) chief, foremost.
paṭiyādeti (v) prepares, makes ready. patākā (f) flag. pana (indec) but, yet, moreover.
paṭirāja (m) hostile king. pati (m) husband, master. panasa (m,n) jackfruit.
paṭilabhati (v) attains, wins, regains. patikula (n) husband's family. panti (f) line, class.
paṭivacana (n) reply. patigaṇhāti (v) receives, takes in. panthaghātaka (m) highwayman.
paṭivacanaṃ dadāti (v) answers. patiṭṭhāpeti (v) establishes, locates. pannā (f) wisdom.
paṭivasati (v) stays. patidinaṃ (adv) daily. pappoti (v) attains, comes.
paṭivāte (loc) against the wind. patipucchati (v) asks again. pabodheti (v) awakens.
paṭivijjhati (v) penetrates. patirūpa (adj) befitting, suitable, resembling, disguised pabbajati (v) leaves the household life, becomes a monk.
paṭivedeti (v) informs. as. pabbajita (m) monk, recluse. (adj) ecclesiastical.
paṭivedha (m) attainment, insight. patirūpaka (m) imposter. pabbajjā (f) renunciation, ordination of a monk.
paṭisaṅkharoti (v) repairs. patta (n) [alms-] bowl, leaf. pabbajjāsamaya (m) time to become a monk.
paṭisāmeti (v) puts in order. pattagāha (m) bearer of a bowl. pabbata (m) mountain, rock.
paṭisotaṃ (adv) against the current. patta-cīvara (n) bowl and robe. pabbatarāji (f) range of hills.
paṭissuṇāti (v) assents, [replies]. patti (f) infantry. pabhaṇkara (m) sun.
paṭu (adj) sharp, clever. pattika (m) infantry. pabhavati (v) begins, springs from.
paṭṭa (m) cloth. patthanā (f) aspiration, wish. pabhā (f) light.
[-kālato] paṭṭhāya (indec) since. pattharati (v) spreads. pabhāseti (v) brightens.
paṭhama (adj) first. patthitaṭṭhāna (n) destination. pabhū (m) overlord.
paṭhamaṃ (adv) first. patthodana (m) a pasata measuring of rice. pamajjati (v) neglects.
paṭhavi (f) earth. patha (m) path. pamāṇa (n) measure, length.
paṭhavojā (f) savoury earth. pathika (m) traveller. paya (m*) milk, water.
paṇidahati (v) longs for, aspires to. pada (n) foot, word. payirupāsati (v) attends on, keeps company with.

payojayati (v) performs, engages in, employs, carries on parinibbāna (n) final passing away. pavedhati (v) totters, trembles.
[business]. paribbaya (m) provision, cost. pasattha (adj) excellent.
payojāna (n) need. paribbājaka (m) wandering ascetic. pasanna (adj) clear, joyful.
payonidhi (m) ocean. paribhāsati (v) abuses, reviles. pasaṃsati (v) praises.
para (pron/adj) other, the latter. paribhuñjati (v) partakes. pasayha (abs) by force, forcibly.
parakkama (m) exertion, strife. pariyaṭaka (m) pilgrim. pasāda (m) devotion, love.
parakkamati (v) strives, makes an effort. pariyāya (m) method, manner, synonym. pasādeti (v) gladdens.
[andha-] paramparā (f) string [of blind]. pariyesati (v) seeks, hunts. pasibbaka (m) purse.
paraṃ (adv) after. pariyodapanā (f) cleansing, purification. pasīdati (v) becomes clear or glad.
paraloka (m) other world. parivajjeti (v) avoids, removes. pasu (m) beast.
parasuve (adv) day after tomorrow. parivattati (v) rolls, turns around. passa (m, n) side.
parahīyo (adv) day before yesterday. parivatteti (v) translates. passati (v) sees, views, looks at, beholds.
parājaya (m) defeat. parivāra (m) following. pahaṭāvakāsa (adj) obstructed, being not given a
parājeti (v) vanquishes, overcomes. parivāritthī (f) attendant woman. place.
parābhava (m) ruin, disgrace. parivāreti (v) surrounds. paharati (v) beats, strikes, hits.
parāmasati (v) touches, deals with. parivisati (v) feeds, serves while eating. pahiṇati (v) sends.
parikkhipati (v) encircles. parisamantato (indec) round and round. pahūtajivha (m) one whose tongue is broader than
parikkhepa (m) encircling. parisā (f) company, following, retinue. others.
paricarati (v) serves, attends. parisodheti (v) cleanses. pahoti (v) is able.
paricāraka (adj) attendant. pariharati (v) uses, bears. pāka (m) cooking.
paricārikā (f) maid. parihāyati (v) decreases, dwindles. pākaṭa (adj) well-known, manifest.
pariccājati (v) gives up. parodati (v) weeps. pākaṭatama (adj) most famous.
paricchindati (v) marks out, makes a limit. palāyati (v) flees. pākāra (m) rampart.
parijana (m) servant. palāla (n) straw. pācana (n) goad.
parijānāti (v) knows perfectly. paluddha-bhāva (m) allurement. pājeti (v) drives.
paridahati (v) wears. pallaṅka (m) cross-legged posture, couch, sofa. pāṭaliputta (n) Patna.
paridevati (v) weeps. pavatti (f) news, report. pāṭihāriya (n) miracle.
paridhāvati (v) runs around. pavattati (v) lasts. pāṭava (n) dexterity, expertness.
paridhāvana (ger) running about. pavisati (v) enters. pāṭhasālā (f) school.
parinibbāti (v) finally passes away. pavedana (n) announcement. pāṇaka (m) living being, insect.

pāṇi (m) hand. pitusantaka (adj) paternal, belonging to father. pubba (pron/adj) former, eastern.
pāṇī (m) being. pidahati (v) closes. pubbaṇha (m) forenoon.
pāteti (v) fells, drops down. pidhāna (n) lid. pubbe viya (phrase) as before.
pātukāma (adj) wishing to drink. pipāsā (f) thirst. pubbenivāsa (m) former life/lives.
pāturahosi (v) manifested. piya (adj) beloved, dear. puman (m) male.
pāto (adv) in the morning. piyāyaka (m) lover. pura (n) town, city.
pāto'va (indec) early. pivati (v) drinks. purakkharoti (v) has in front, looks at.
pātheyya (n) provision for a journey. piḷandhati (v) dons, adorns. purato (prep) in the front of, before.
pāda (m) leg, foot. pīṭha (n) chair. puratthābhimukha (adj) with the face towards the east.
pādika (m) pedestrian. pīta (adj) yellow. puratthima (adj) eastern.
pāna (m) drink. pīti (f) delight, pleasure. purā (adv) formerly, in former days, previously, in olden
pānaka (n) syrup. pīḷeti (v) oppresses, teases. days.
pānīya (n) drink. puggala (m) person. purātana (adj) belonging to olden days, old.
pāpa (n) sin, evil. (adj) sinful. pucchati (v) asks. purima (adj) former, first.
pāpakārin (m) evil-doer, sinner. pucchā (f) question. purisa (m) man.
pāpuṇāti (v) attains, comes to. puñña (n) merit, good action. pure (indec) formerly.
pāmojja (n) joy. puññakamma (n) meritorious deed. puretaraṃ (adv) beforehand.
pālaka (m) protector. puññakkhaya (m) exhaustion of merit. pulina (n) sand.
pālana (n) protection, observation. puññavantu (adj) fortunate. puṃgava (m) the chief bull.
pāletar (m) protector. puṇḍarīka (n) white lotus. pūjā (f) offering.
pāleti (v) protects, governs. puṇṇa (adj) full. pūjeti (v) offers, respects, honours.
pāvaka (m) fire. puṇṇacanda (m) full-moon. pūti (adj) putrid, foul.
pāsa (m) snare. puṇṇanadī (f) overflowing river. pūreti (v) fills.
pāsāṇa (m) rock, stone. puṇṇamī (f) full moon day. pema (m/n) love.
pāsāda (m) palace, mansion, building. putta (m) son. pemanīya (adj) dear.
pāsādika (adj) lovely. puthujjana (m) unconverted person. peseti (v) sends, dispatches.
pi (conj) too. puna (adv) again. pokkharaṇī (f) pond.
piṇḍa (m) alms. punappunaṃ (adv) again and again. potaka (m) young one.
piṭṭha (n) surface. punabbhava (m) rebirth. potthaka (m) book.
pitu (m) father. puppha (n) flower. potthakālaya (m) library.

potheti (v) dashes, hits, strikes. bavhābādha (adj) much ailing, sickly. bhagavantu (adj) the Blessed/Exalted One, fortunate.
porisa (adj) manual. bahi (adv) outside. bhaginī (f) sister.
posāvānika (n) fee for bringing [somebody] up. bahinagaraṃ (adv) outside the town. bhañjati (v) breaks.
poseti (v) supports, brings up. bahu (adj) many, much. bhaṭa (m) soldier.
bahuka (adj) many, much. bhaṇe (indec) "I say".
[ ph ] bahukkhattuṃ (adv) many times. bhaṇḍa (n) goods, ware, thing.
bahudhā (adv) in many ways. bhaṇḍāgārika (m) treasurer.
pharati (v) suffuses, diffuses. bahuso (adv) in many ways, almost. bhatta (n) food, meal, rice.
pharasu (m) axe. bahussuta (adj) much learned. bhatti (f) devotion.
phala (n) fruit. bāla (adj) foolish, young. (m) fool. bhattar (m) husband, supporter.
phalavantu (adj) fruitful. bālisika (m) fisherman. bhadra (adj) good, worthy.
phalika (m) crystal. bāhā (f) arm. bhante (voc) Reverend Sir, Lord.
phāṇita-khaṇda (m) a crystal of candy, piece of juggery. bāhu (m) arm. bhaya (n) fear.
pheṇa (n) foam. bujjhati (v) knows, understands, is convinced. bhayadassāvin (m) one who sees danger.
pheṇila (adj) frothy. Buddha (m) the Enlightened One. bharati (v) supports.
buddhatta (n) enlightenment. bharavāhī (adj) bearer of a burden.
[b] buddhapamukha (adj) with Buddha at its head. bhariyā (f) wife.
buddhasāsana (n) Buddhism. bhava (m) existence.
bajjhati (v) becomes bound. buddhāsana (n) seat for the Buddha. bhavati (v) verb to be, becomes.
bandhati (v) binds, ties, confines. buddhimantu (adj) intelligent, wise. bhavana (n) becoming, mansion.
bandhana (n) bond, binding, confinement. buddhuppāda (m) time when a Buddha appears. bhāga (m) piece, portion.
bandhava (m) kinsman, relative. bodhi (m) Bo tree. bhāgineyya (m) sister's son, nephew.
bandhu (m) relation, kinsman, relative. bodhisatta (m) a being destined to attain Buddhahood. bhāgineyyī (f) sister's daughter, neice.
bandhumantu (adj) with many relations. brahmacariyaṃ carati (phrase) leads a holy life. bhāgī (m) sharer.
bala (n) power, strength, force, army. brahmacariyā (f) celibacy. bhājana (n) vessel.
balakkāra (m) force. brahmaṇa (m) brahmin. bhājeti (v) distributes, divides, shares.
balada (adj) giver of strength. brāhmaṇī (f) brahmin woman. bhātika (m) brother.
balavantu (adj) powerful. bhātu (m) brother.
balisa (n) fish hook. [ bh ] bhānumantu (adj) sun, luminous.
balī (m) a powerful person. bhāyati (v) fears (abl. follows).

bhāriya (adj) serious. [m] matthaka (m) top.

bhāveti (v) develops. matthake (loc) at the end.
bhāsati (v) says, speaks. makuṭa (n,m) crown. maddati (v) trods.
bhāsā (f) language. makkaṭa (m) monkey. madhu (n) honey.
bhāsita (n) saying. magga (m) path, road. mana (m*) mind.
bhikkhā (f) alms. maṅgala (n) [marriage] ceremony. (adj) royal. [lit. manasi karoti (v) keeps in mind.
bhikkhu (m) monk. auspicious] manasikāra (m) attention.
bhikkhunī (f) nun. maṅgalasilā (f) royal resting stone. manaṃ gaṇhati (v) wins the hearts.
bhitti (f) wall. maṅḍita (adj) adorned, beautiful. manussa (m) human being, person, man.
bhindati (v) breaks. maccha (m) fish. manoti (v) thinks.
bhiyyo (indec) more. majjapa (adj) one who drinks intoxicating liquors, manta (m) charm.
bhisa (n) sprout of a lotus. drunkard. mantar (m) perceiver.
bhisaja (m) physician. majjha (m) middle. manteti (v) advises, consults.
bhīyo (indec) more [than]. majjhima (adj) medium, middle, central. mantī (m) minister.
bhuja (m) hand. mañca (m) bed. mandālokena (adv) dimly.
bhujaga (m) serpent. mañcaka (m) couch. mayūra (m) peacock.
bhuñjati (v) eats. maññati (v) thinks. maraṇa (n) death.
bhūpati (m) king. manjūsā (f) box. marati (v) dies.
bhūpāla (m) king. maṇi (m) gem. mala (n) rust, dirt.
bhūmaka (adj) storeyed. maṇipallaṅka (m) jewelled throne. mahati (v) honours.
bhūmi (f) earth, ground, floor, stage. maṇiratana (n) a precious gem. mahattama (adj) greatest.
bhūmibhāga (m) plot of ground. maṇḍapa (m) pavilion. mahanta (adj) big, large, huge, great.
bhedana (n) breach. maṇḍūka (m) frog. mahapphala (adj) bringing great results.
bhesajja (n) medicine. maṇḍeti (v) adorns. mahallaka (adj) elderly, old, aged.
bho (indec, voc) my dear! sir! venerable. matakadoṇi (f) coffin. mahāgaṇī (m,n) having a great following.
bhoga (m) property, wealth. matakalebara (n) corpse. mahājana (m) the public, crowd.
bhogī (m) serpent. (adj) wealthy. mati (f) wisdom. mahājānika (adj) thoroughly deprived of, undergone
bhojana (n) food, feeding. mattannū (m) temperate, one who knows the measure. a great loss.
bhoti (voc) my dear. mattikā (f) clay. mahādīpa (m) continent.
mattikāmaya (adj) earthen. mahāniraya (m) great hell.

mahānisaṃsa (adj) greatly beneficial. mālākāra (m) gardener. meyya (adj) measurable.
mahāpañña (m) one who has great wisdom. mālī (m) one who has a garland. meraya (n) liquor [fermented].
mahāpurisa (m) the great being. māluta (m) wind, breeze. mokkha (m) deliverance.
mahābodhi (m) the great Bodhi tree. māsa (m) month.
mahāmagga (m) highway. miga (m) deer, beast. [y]
mahāraha (adj) costly, precious, very valuable. migadāya (m) deer-park.
mahāsamūha (m) great crowd. migī (f) [female] deer. ya (pron) which, who, whichever, whoever.
mahisa (m) buffalo. micchādiṭṭhika (m) heretic. (adj) heretical. yañña (m) sacrifice.
mahī (f) earth, the river of that name. miṇāti (v) measures. yaṭṭhi (m) stick.
mahogha (m) a mighty torrent. mitta (m) friend. yaṭṭhi (f) [walking] stick.
maṃsa (n) flesh. mithubheda (m) dissent among themselves. yattha (adv) wherever.
mā (indec) don't. mukha (n) face. yattha... tattha (correlatives) where... there.
māgadhabhāsā (f) the language of Magadha. mukhavaṭṭi (f) edge. yattha katthaci (indec) wherever, anywhere about.
māṇava (m) youth. mukhodaka (n) water to wash the face. yathā (adv) just as, just so, like, in the same way.
māṇavaka (m) lad. muccati (v) is [set] free. yathā... tathā (correlatives) as... so.
māṇavikā (f) maiden. muñcati (v) releases. yathākkamaṃ (adv) according to the order.
māṇavī (f) lass. muṭṭhi (m) fist, hammer. yathābalaṃ (adv) to the best of one's ability.
mātāpitara (m) parent(s). muṭṭhimatta (adj) a handful [amount that a fist can hold]. yathābhirantaṃ (adv) as long as one pleases [to
mātu (f) mother. mudu (adj) soft. stay].
mātukucchi (m/f) mother's womb. muni (m) monk, sage. yathāvuddhaṃ (adv) following seniority.
mātulānī (f) aunt. musā (adv) falsely, untruthfully. yadā (adv) when, whenever.
mānasa (n) thought. muhutta (m) a minute. yadā... tadā (correlatives) when... then.
mānasika (adj) born of the mind, mental. muḷāla (n) the edible root of lotus kinds. yadi (conj) if.
māneti (v) honours, pays respect. mūla (n) money, cash, root, foot [of tree], cause. yamaka (adj) twin.
māpeti (v) constructs. meṇḍa (m) sheep. yasa (m*) fame, glory.
māyā (f) jugglery. mettacitta (n) loving heart. yasagga (m) highest fame.
māyāvī (m) juggler. mettā (f) love. yasavantu (adj) famous.
māretar (m) killer. mettāsahagata (adj) benevolent. yasassī (adj) famous.
māreti (v) kills, slains. medhā (f) wisdom. yasoladdha (adj) got through fame.
mālā (f) garland. medhāvī (adj) wise. yasmā (indec) as.

yāgu (f) rice gruel. raha (m*) secret.

yācaka (m) beggar. rakkhati (v) protects, safeguards, watches, observes rahogata (adj) gone to seclusion or privacy.
yācati (v) begs, asks for. [precepts], practises. rājakumāra (m) prince.
yāti (v) goes. raja (m*) dust. rājadūta (m) envoy.
yāna (n) conveyance, vehicle. rajata (n) silver. rājadhāni (f) metropolis, capital, royal city.
yānada (adj) giver of conveyance. rajana (n) dye. rājan (m) king.
yāma (m) a watch of the night. rajokiṇṇa (adj) full of dust. rājaputta (m) prince.
yāva (indec) till then, until, so long. rajja (n) kingship, kingdom, realm. rājabhavana (n) palace.
yāva... tāva (correlatives) until, as long as. rajjakāla (m) reign. rājābharaṇa (n) royal apparel.
yāvajīvaṃ (adv) as long as life lasts. rajjaṃ anusāseti (v) reigns. rājinī (f) queen.
yāvataka (adj) as much [as]. rajjaṃ karoti (v) reigns. rājisi (m) royal sage.
yāvadatthaṃ (adv) as much as desired, to the full. rajjābhiseka (m) coronation of a king, appointment to rāsi (m) heap, mass.
yuga (n) pair. the kingship. rukkha (m) tree.
yugala (n) pair. rajju (f) rope. rundhati (v) obstructs, traps.
yujjhati (v) fights. raṭṭha (n) country. rūpa (n) form, image, picture.
yuñjati (v) yokes, joins. ratana (n) precious thing. rūpasiri (f) beauty.
yutti (f) justice. ratanattaya (n) three precious objects, the Buddha, rūhati (v) grows.
yuddha (n) war. Dhamma, and His Order. roga (m) illness, disease.
yuddhabhūmi (f) battlefield. ratta (adj) red. rogin (adj) sick.
yuvati (f) maiden. ratti (f) night. rogupaddava (m) calamity by disease.
yogga (n) chariot, fitting. ratha (m) chariot, car. rodati (v) cries.
yojana (n) league. rathakāra (m) chariot maker, carpenter. ropa (m) planter.
yojanika (adj) having a league in height or length. ramaṇīya (adj) delightful.
yojanantara (n) as far as a yojana. ramanīyākārena (adv) delightfully. [l]
yojeti (v) yokes, makes ready. ramma (adj) delightful, charming.
yodha (m) soldier. rava (m) noise. lakuṇṭaka (adj) dwarf.
yoni (f) origin. ravati (v) screams, crows. lakkha (num) lakh = 100 thousand.
yoniso (adv) according to origin or insight. ravi (m) sun. lakkhaṇa (n) characteristic.
rasa (m) taste. lagati (v) adheres.
[r] rassa (adj) short, dwarf. laṅkā (f) Ceylon.

laṅkika (adj) born in Ceylon. vacana (n) word, speaking, utterance. vaya (m*) age.
latā (f) creeper. vajja (n) fault, musical instrument. vayovuddha (adj) come to old age.
laddaka (m) hunter. vaḍḍhakī (m) carpenter. vayohara (adj) snatching the life.
labuja (m) bread-fruit. vaḍḍhati (v) grows, increases. vara (adj) noble.
labhati (v) gets, receives, acquires, obtains, attains. vaṇṇa (m) colour. varāha (m) pig.
lahu (adj) light. vaṇṇita (adj) praised. vasa (m) power.
lābha (m) gain. vaṇṇada (adj) giver of complexion. vasati (v) lives, dwells.
lābhagga (m) highest gain. vata (indec) certainly. vasu (n) wealth.
likhati (v) writes. vattati (v) prevails. vasudhā (f) earth.
liṅga (n) gender. vattante (indec) during. vassa (m,n) rain, year.
ludda (m) hunter. vatti (v) speaks, says. vassāna (m) rainy season.
luddha (adj) miserly. vattar (m) sayer, speaker. vassika (adj) suited for the rainy season.
lekhaka (m) clerk. vattha (n) cloth, garment. vahati (v) bears.
leṇadvāra (n) entrance of the cave vatthābharaṇa (n) garments and ornaments. vaḷavā (f) mare.
loka (m) world. vatthu (n) ground, base. vaṃsa (m) flute.
lokanāyaka (m) universal lord, i.e. the Buddha. vadati (v) tells, says. vaṃsika (m) flutist.
lokiya (adj) worldly. vadana (n) face, mouth. vā (conj, enclitic) or.
locana (n) eye. vadannū (m) charitable person. vākya (n) sentence.
loṇa (n) salt. vadhū (f) woman. vācasika (adj) done through speech, verbal.
loṇika (adj) salty. vana (n) forest. vācā (f) word, speech.
lobha (m) greed. vanakammika (m) worker in the forest. vācāla (adj) talkative, garrulous.
loha (n) metal. vanacara (m) forester, wanderer in forests. vāṇija (m) merchant.
lohita (n) blood. vanantara (n) denser forest. vāṇijjāya āhiṇḍati (v) hawks.
lohitavaṇṇa (adj) crimson. vanappati (m) a tree which bears fruit without flowers. vāta (m) wind.
vanitā (f) woman. vādita (n) music.
[v] vandati (v) pays homage, worships, bows down. vādeti (v) sounds [a drum, etc.].
vapati (v) sows. vānara (m) monkey.
va (indec) as, like. vapu (n) body. vānarī (f) she-monkey.
vagga (m) group. vamma (n) armour. vāpī (f) tank.
vaca (m*) word, saying. vammī (m) warrior. vāma (adj) left.

vāyati (v) [wind] blows, weaves, smells. vitthata (adj) wide, broad. vilepana (n) toilet perfume.
vāyamati (v) tries. vitthāreti (v) explains. vivadati (v) disputes.
vāra (m) turn. [dve vāre = twice] vidati (v) knows. vivarati (v) uncovers.
vāri (n) water. vidahati (v) assigns. vividha (adj) various.
vāritaka (m) lover. vidū (m) wise man, knower. visavegavantu (adj) possessing the destructive power of
vāladhi (m) tail. vidhūma (adj) smokeless. poison.
vālikā (f) sand. vinaya (m) disciplinary code, discipline. visārada (adj) unconfused, bold.
vālukā (f) sand. vinassati (v) perishes, disappears. visāla (adj) large, huge.
vāsa (m*) cloth, perfume. vinā (indec) except, without, but. visikhā (f) street.
vāhana (n) vehicle. vināti (v) weaves. visiṭṭhākārena (adv) magnificently.
vāhanāgāra (m,n) garage. vināseti (v) squanders. visuddhi (f) purity [from the passions].
vikati (f) sort, kind. vinicchayāmacca (m) judge. visuṃ (adv) separately, severally.
vikirati (v) scatters. vinetu (m) instructor. visuṃ visuṃ (indec) severally.
vikkiṇāti (v) sells. vindati (v) suffers, gets. vissajjeti (v) distributes, spends, releases, dispatches,
vigacchati (v) departs, goes away. vinnātu (m) knower. leaves.
vighāṭana (ger) unfastening, opening. vipatti (f) misfortune. vihaññati (v) is afflicted, takes trouble.
vicarati (v) moves. vipassin (adj) wise. viharati (v) lives, resides, dwells, stays.
vicikicchā (f) doubt. vipāka (m) result. vihāyati (v) fails.
vicitta (adj) ornamented, diversified. vipula (adj) great, immense. vihāra (m) monastery.
vijahati (v) casts off. vibhajati (v) distributes, divides. viheseti (v) troubles.
vijātā (f) [a woman] who has given birth to a child. vimāna (m,n) mansion. vīṇā (f) lute.
vijānāti (v) knows, understands. viya (indec) like, just as. vītamala (adj) stainless, clean.
vijānana (ger) recognition, knowledge. viya [cintetvā] (correlation) as if ... were. vītināmeti (v) spends [time].
vijjati (v) is, exists. viyogāsaṃsanaṃ katvā (phrase) bidding goodbye. vīsati (num) twenty.
vijju (f) lightning. viraja (adj) passionless, free from dust. vīhi (m) paddy.
viññū (adj) wise. virati (f) abstinence. vuṭṭhahati (v) rises.
vitakketi (v) ponders. viramati (v) abstains. vuṭṭhi (f) rain.
vitarati (v) comes through. viruddham ācarati (v) acts against. vuttanta (m) account.
vitāna (n) canopy, awning. virūpa (adj) ugly. vuttappakāra (adj) of the given description.
vitta (n) wealth. vilapati (v) laments. vuddha (adj) aged.

vuddhi (f) increase, progress, prosperity. sakkacca (indec) carefully, respectfully. saṇḍa (m) grove.
ve (indec) surely. sakkatabhāsīya (adj) sanskrit. sata (num) hundred.
vega (m) speed. sakkaroti (v) treats, pays honour. satatakārin (m) constant worker.
vegena (adv) quickly, speedily. sakkā (indec) impossible. satataṃ (adv) constantly, always.
vejja (m) doctor, physician. sakkāra (m) hospitality, feast. satama (adj) hundredth.
veṇika (m) lutanist. sakkuṇāti (v) is able. satavassa (n) century.
vetana (n) fees, wages. sakkoti (v) is able. sati (f) memory.
vetanika (m) labourer. sakkharā (f) gravel, pebble. satimantu (adj) mindful, sensible.
vedanā (f) pain. sakkhi (indec) face to face. satta (m) being. (num) seven.
venayika (m) one who studies vinaya. sakyaputtiya (adj) belonging to the sons of Sākyas. sattama (adj) seventh.
vepulla (n) increase, abundance. sakhī (f) woman-friend. sattāha (n) week.
veyyākaraṇa (m) grammarian. sagāravaṃ (adv) in reverence. sattāha-karaṇīya (adj) business that should be settled
vera (n) enmity. sagga (m) heaven. within a week.
vesālivāsī (m) dweller in the city of Vesālī. saggagāmin (m) one who goes to heaven. sattu (m) enemy.
veḷu (m) bamboo. saṅkamati (v) moves from place to place. sattha (n) science.
veḷuriya (n) turquoise. saṅkhāra (m) aggregation, component [thing], matter, satthar (m) master.
voropeti (v) takes away. phenomenon. satthavāha (m) caravan leader.
vyaggha (m) tiger. saṅgaṇhāti (v) treats. satthasālā (f) school.
vyādhi (m) sickness. saṅgameti (v) unites. satthi (n) thigh.
vyāma (m) fathom. saṅgha (m) community [of monks], fraternity. satthu (m) advisor, teacher.
sace (conj) if. sadā (adv) ever, always.
[s] sajjhāyati (v) recites. sadisa (adj) similar, equal.
sañcarati (v) travels, moves, proceeds. sadeha (m) own body.
saka (adj) own. sañcāraka (m) wanderer. sadda (m) sound.
sakaṭa (m) cart. saññamayati (v) restrains, trains oneself. saddha (adj) believing, faithful.
sakanāgarika (m) fellow townsman. saññaṃ karoti (v) thinks. saddhā (f) faith.
sakala (adj) whole, entire. saññāpeti (v) convinces. saddhiṃ (prep) with.
sakiṃ (adv) once. saṭṭhi (num) sixty. sanantana (adj) ancient.
sakuṇa (m) bird. saṭha (adj) fraudulent. sanābhika (adj) having a nave or hub.
sakuṇī (f) [female] bird. saṇgaṅhāti (v) entertains, supports. sanikaṃ (adv) slowly.

sanemika (adj) having a tyre. samaṇa (m) monk, recluse. sammukha (adj) face to face with, present.
santaka (n) property. samattha (adj) able. sammuti (f) common consent, convention.
santajjeti (v) menaces. samanuñño bhavati (v) agrees. sayati (v) sleeps.
santappeti (v) satisfies. samantā (adv) on all sides, around. sayanaṭṭhāna (n) sleeping place.
santika (adj) near. samaṃ (adv) evenly. (prep) with. sayanāgāra (n) bedroom.
santikaṃ (adv) towards. samaṃ karoti (phrase) smooths. sayaṃ (adv) by oneself.
santikā (adv) from. samaya (m) time, religion. sara (m*) lake.
santhāgāra (m) council hall. samāgacchati (v) encounters, joins, gathers together. saraṇa (n) refuge.
sandiṭṭhika (adj) seen in this life. samāgama (m) assembly. sarīra (n) body, remains.
sannipatati (v) assembles, meets together. samācāra (m) rules of conduct. saroruha (m) lotus.
saparivāra (adj) together with the following or retinue. samāna (adj) same. salla (n) arrow.
sappa (m) serpent, snake. samāpatti (f) concentration. sallakkheti (v) considers.
sappi (n) ghee. samijjhati (v) prospers, flourishes, becomes successful. savaṇa (n) listening, hearing.
sabba (pron/adj) all. samitatta (n) state of being calmed. sa-saṅgha (adj) together with the community.
sabbajātika (adj) every kind of. samīpa (n) proximity. (adj) near, adjacent. sasī (m) moon.
sabbaññutañāṇa (n) supreme knowledge. samīpavāsī (m) neighbour. sasura (m) father-in-law.
sabbaññutā (f) omniscience. samudda (m) sea. sassa (n) crop.
sabbannū (m) the omniscient one. samuddapāra (n) abroad. sassu (f) mother-in-law.
sabbattha (adv) everywhere. samekkhakārī (adj) sensible. saha (prep) with.
sabbatra (adv) everywhere. sampatti (f) fortune, bliss. saha bhavati (phrase) joins.
sabbathā (adv) in every way. sampādeti (v) provides, supplies with, performs. sahati (v) endures.
sabbada (m) donor of everything. sampāpuṇāti (v) arrives. sahasā (adv) suddenly.
sabbadā (adv) always, ever. sambandhati (v) connects, ties. sahassa (num) thousand.
sabbapacchima (adj) hindermost. sambodhi (f) perfection, complete knowledge. [lit. perfect sahassāra (adj) having one thousand spokes.
sabbapaṭhama (adj) foremost. enlightenment] saṃvasati (v) lives together.
sabbapaṭhamaṃ (adv) originally. sambhuṇāti (v) attains. saṃvijjamāna (adj) existing.
sabbaso (adv) in every way. samma (voc) friend. saṃvibhajati (v) shares.
sabbākāra-paripūra (adj) complete in every way. sammajjati (v) sweeps. saṃsaraṇa (ger) moving or going about.
sabhā (f) society, assembly, meeting. sammati (v) calms itself, appeases. saṃsarati (v) moves about continuously, transmigrates.
sama (adj) equal, even. sammad eva (adv) very well. sākacchā (f) interview, discussion.

sākaṭika (m) carter. sikkhā (f) rules of conduct. sīsābādha (m) headache.
sākhā (f) branch. sikkhāpaka (m) tutor. sīsacchavi (f) scalp.
sāṭaka (m/n) cloth. sikkhāpada (n) precept. sīha (m) lion.
sāṭheyya (n) craft, fraud. sikkhāpeti (v) teaches. sīhaḷa (adj) Sinhalese.
sāṇi (f) curtain. sikhī (m) peacock. sīhāsana (n) throne.
sādhāraṇa (adj) common. siṅga (n) horn. sīhī (f) lioness.
sādhu (indec) very well. siṅgi (adj) having a horn. sukara (adj) easily done.
sādhu, deva (phrase) all right, my lord! siṅghāṭaka (n) junction. sukha (n) comfort, happiness, bliss.
sādhukaṃ (adv) well. siñcati (v) sprinkles, pours down. sukhakāma (adj) seeking comfort.
sāmaññaphala (n) fruit of the life of a recluse. sineha (m) love. sukhaṃ (adv) comfortably, happily.
sāmaṇaka (adj) things that are suitable for the use of sindhu (m) sea. sukhita (adj) well-to-do, happy.
monks. sippī (m) artisan. sukhī (m) receiver of comfort, happy.
sāmaṇera (m) novice [monk]. sibbati (v) sews. sukhumāla (adj) delicate.
sāmanta (n) neighbourhood. simbalī (m) silk cotton tree. sugati (f) happy state.
sāmika (m) husband, owner, master. siyā (v) may be [optative form of atthi]. sugandha (m) fragrance. (adj) fragrant, sweet-smelling,
sāminī (f) mistress. sira (m*) head. scented.
sāmī (m) lord. sirigabbha (m) royal chamber. suṅka (m) tax.
sāmuddika (adj) marine. sirisayana (n) state couch. sujjhati (v) becomes purified.
sāyaṃ (adv) in the evening. siroruha (m) hair. suṇāti (v) hears.
sārathī (m) charioteer. silā (f) stone. suṇoti (v) hears.
sāradika (adj) autumnal. silesikā (f) gum. sutta (n) sermon.
sārasa (m) lotus, water-bird. sissa (m) student. suttanta (n) discourse.
sālavana (m) Sal-grove. sīgha (adj) rapid. sudassa (adj) easy to see.
sālā (f) hall. sīghayāyin (m) going quickly. sudukkara (adj) very difficult.
sāvaka (m) disciple, hearer. sīghaṃ (adv) quickly, soon. suddha (adj) clean.
sāvatthi (f) city of Sāvatthi. sītala (adj) cool. sunakha (m) dog.
sāvikā (f) female disciple. sīla (n) precept, virtue. sundara (adj) good.
sāsana (n) religion, admonition, message, letter. sīlavantu (adj) virtuous, observant of precepts. sundaratara (adj) better.
sāsanahāraka (m) messenger. sīlasampanna (adj) virtuous, observing the precepts. sundaratama (adj) best.
sāhasika (adj) hasty. sīsa (n) head. supaṇṇa (m) a kind of fairy bird.

supina (n) dream. setacchatta (n) white parasol. hattha (m) hand.
subbaññū (adj) all-knowing. setu (m) bridge. hatthinī (f) she-elephant.
subhikkha (adj) plentiful with food. sena (m) hawk. hatthī (m) elephant.
sumana (adj) glad. senā (f) army, multitude. hatantarāya (adj) having avoided the danger or removed
sumanā (f) jasmine. senāpati (m) chief of the army. the obstacles.
sura (m) god. senāsana (n) sleeping place. hadaya (n) heart.
surā (f) liquor [distilled], intoxicant. seyya (adj) better. hanati (v) kills, attacks, beats.
suriya (m) sun. seyyathā pi (phrase) just as. hanukā (f) jaw.
suriyatthaṅgama (m) sunset. seyyathā pi nāma (phrase) just as if. hanti (v) kills.
suriyuggamana (n) sunrise. sevaka (m) attendant, servant. harati (v) carries, takes, leads, steals.
surūpa (adj) beautiful, handsome. sevikā (f) attendant woman. haliddā (f) turmeric.
suvaṇṇa (n) gold. soka (m) sorrow. hasati (v) laughs.
suvaṇṇakāra (m) goldsmith. sokara (m) pork. haṃsa (m) swan.
suvaṇṇamaya (adj) golden. sogata (adj) Buddhist. hā (voc) ah!
suvaṇṇālitta (adj) gilded. socati (v) becomes sorrow. hāra (m) carrying.
suve (adv) tomorrow. soṇḍā (f) [elephant's] trunk. hāretar (m) one who causes to carry.
susāna (n) cemetery. sota (m) stream, current. (n) ear. hāsakāla (m) time to be joyful.
susu (m) young one. sotar (m) hearer, listener. hi (indec) indeed.
susoca (v) has grieved. sodheti (v) cleanses. hitakara (m) benefactor. (adj) advantageous.
sussati (v) dries up. sopāṇa (n) stair. himavantu (adj) the Himalaya, possessor of ice.
sūkara (m) swine, pig. sobhaṇa (adj) beautiful. hīna (adj) vulgar.
sūda (m) cook. sobhanavattha (n) beautiful array. hīyattana (adj) belonging to yesterday.
sūdajeṭṭha (m) chief cook. somanassa (n) joy. (adj) joyful. hīyo (adv) yesterday.
sūpa (m) curry. sohajja (n) friendliness. heṭṭhā (indec) under.
sūra (m) hero. svātana (adj) belonging to tomorrow. heṭṭhābhāga (m) lower part.
seṭṭha (adj) highest, noble. sve (adv) tomorrow. heṭṭhima (adj) lowest.
seṭṭhatā (f) greatness. hetu (m) cause.
seṭṭhī (m) millionaire, treasurer. [h] hemantika (adj) suited for the winter.
seṇiya (adj) possessing armies. hoti (v) verb to be.
seta (adj) white, fair. hattar (m) carrier.

Pal I Course Guide 2

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Pal I Course Guide 2

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.

Masculine nouns in a Masculine nouns in ī

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom. naro narā Nom., Voc. pakkhī pakkhī, pakkhino

Acc. naraṃ nare Acc. pakkhinaṃ, pakkhiṃ pakkhī, pakkhino

Ins. narena narebhi, narehi Ins. pakkhinā pakkhībhi, pakkhīhi

Dat. narāya, narassa narānaṃ Dat., Gen. pakkhino, pakkhissa pakkhīnaṃ

Gen. narassa narānaṃ Loc. pakkhini, pakkhimhi, pakkhismiṃ pakkhīsu

Loc. nare, naramhi, narasmiṃ naresu

Masculine nouns in i Nom., Voc. garu garū, garavo

Singular Plural Acc. garuṃ garū, garavo

Acc. aggiṃ aggī, aggayo Dat., Gen. garuno, garussa garūnaṃ

Ins. agginā aggībhi, aggīhi Loc. garumhi, garusmiṃ garūsu

Abl. agginā, aggimhā, aggismā aggībhi, aggīhi

Loc. aggimhi, aggismiṃ aggīsu

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 1

Masculine nouns in u (2) Masculine nouns in ū

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom. nattā nattāro Nom., Voc. vidū vidū, viduno

Acc. nattāraṃ nattāre, nattāro Acc. viduṃ vidū, viduno

Loc. nattari nattāresu Loc. vidumhi, vidusmiṃ vidūsu

Voc. natta, nattā nattāro

Masculine nouns in u (3) Singular Plural

Singular Plural Nom. mano manā

Nom. bhātā bhātaro Acc. manaṃ mane

Acc. bhātaraṃ bhātare, bhātaro Ins. manasā, manena manebhi, manehi

Voc. bhāta, bhātā bhātaro

Pitu (father) is similarly declined.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 2

Masculine noun: attan Masculine noun: go

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom. attā attāno Nom., Voc. go, gavo gāvo

Acc. attānaṃ, attaṃ attāno Acc. gāvaṃ, gavaṃ, gāvuṃ gāvo

Masculine noun: rājan

Voc. rāja, rājā rājāno

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 3

Feminine nouns in i Feminine nouns in u (1)

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Acc. bhūmiṃ bhūmī, bhūmiyo Acc. dhenuṃ dhenū, dhenuyo

Dat., Gen. bhūmiyā bhūmīnaṃ Dat. Gen. dhenuyā dhenūnaṃ

Loc. bhūmiyaṃ, bhūmiyā bhūmīsu Loc. dhenuyaṃ, dhenuyā dhenūsu

Feminine nouns in ī Feminine nouns in u (2)

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. kumārī kumārī, kumāriyo Nom. mātā mātaro

Acc. kumāriṃ kumārī, kumāriyo Acc. mātaraṃ mātare, mātaro

Voc. māta, mātā, māte mātaro

Dhītu (daughter) and duhitu (daughter) are declined like mātu.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 4

Neuter nouns in a Neuter nouns in u

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom. nayanaṃ nayanā, nayanāni Nom., Voc. cakkhu cakkhū, cakkhūni

Acc. nayanaṃ nayane, nayanāni Acc. cakkhuṃ cakkhū, cakkhūni

Ins. nayanena nayanebhi, nayanehi Abl., Ins. cakkhunā cakkhūbhi, cakkhūhi

Dat. nayanāya, nayanassa nayanānaṃ Dat., Gen. cakkhuno, cakkhussa cakkhūnaṃ

Gen. nayanassa nayanānaṃ

Voc. nayana, nayanā nayanāni

Nom., Voc. aṭṭhi aṭṭhī, aṭṭhīni

Acc. aṭṭhiṃ aṭṭhī, aṭṭhīni

Ins. aṭṭhinā aṭṭhībhi, aṭṭhīhi

Dat., Gen. aṭṭhino, aṭṭhissa aṭṭhīnaṃ

Abl. aṭṭhinā, aṭṭhimhā, aṭṭhismā aṭṭhībhi, aṭṭhīhi

Loc. aṭṭhini, aṭṭhimhi, aṭṭhismiṃ aṭṭhisu, aṭṭhīsu