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Masculine nouns in a Masculine nouns in ī

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom. naro narā Nom., Voc. pakkhī pakkhī, pakkhino

Acc. naraṃ nare Acc. pakkhinaṃ, pakkhiṃ pakkhī, pakkhino

Ins. narena narebhi, narehi Ins. pakkhinā pakkhībhi, pakkhīhi

Dat. narāya, narassa narānaṃ Dat., Gen. pakkhino, pakkhissa pakkhīnaṃ

Abl. narā, naramhā, narasmā narebhi, narehi Abl. pakkhinā, pakkhimhā, pakkhismā pakkhībhi, pakkhīhi

Gen. narassa narānaṃ Loc. pakkhini, pakkhimhi, pakkhismiṃ pakkhīsu

Loc. nare, naramhi, narasmiṃ naresu

Masculine nouns in u (1)
Voc. nara, narā narā
Singular Plural

Masculine nouns in i Nom., Voc. garu garū, garavo

Singular Plural Acc. garuṃ garū, garavo

Nom., Voc. aggi aggī, aggayo Abl., Ins. garunā garūbhi, garūhi

Acc. aggiṃ aggī, aggayo Dat., Gen. garuno, garussa garūnaṃ

Ins. agginā aggībhi, aggīhi Loc. garumhi, garusmiṃ garūsu

Dat., Gen. aggino, aggissa aggīnaṃ * Bhikkhu has an additional form “bhikkhave” in the Vocative plural.

Abl. agginā, aggimhā, aggismā aggībhi, aggīhi

Notes:
Loc. aggimhi, aggismiṃ aggīsu

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 1

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Masculine nouns in u (2) Masculine nouns in ū

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom. nattā nattāro Nom., Voc. vidū vidū, viduno

Acc. nattāraṃ nattāre, nattāro Acc. viduṃ vidū, viduno

Abl., Ins. nattārā nattārebhi, nattārehi Ins., Abl. vidunā vidūbhi, vidūhi

Dat., Gen. nattu, nattuno, nattussa nattārānaṃ, nattānaṃ Dat., Gen. viduno, vidussa vidūnaṃ

Loc. nattari nattāresu Loc. vidumhi, vidusmiṃ vidūsu

Voc. natta, nattā nattāro

Feminine nouns in ā

Masculine nouns in u (3) Singular Plural

Singular Plural Nom. vanitā vanitā, vanitāyo

Nom. bhātā bhātaro Acc. vanitaṃ vanitā, vanitāyo

Acc. bhātaraṃ bhātare, bhātaro Abl., Ins. vanitāya vanitābhi, vanitāhi

Abl., Ins. bhātarā bhātarebhi, bhātarehi, Dat., Gen. vanitāya vanitānaṃ

bhātūbhi, bhātūhi
Loc. vanitāyaṃ, vanitāya vanitāsu
Dat., Gen. bhātu, bhātuno, bhātussa bhātarānaṃ, bhātānaṃ,
Voc. vanite vanitā, vanitāyo
bhātūnaṃ

Loc. bhātari bhātaresu, bhātusu Notes:

Voc. bhāta, bhātā bhātaro

Pitu (father) is similarly declined.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 2

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Feminine nouns in i Feminine nouns in u (1)

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. bhūmi bhūmī, bhūmiyo Nom., Voc. dhenu dhenū, dhenuyo

Acc. bhūmiṃ bhūmī, bhūmiyo Acc. dhenuṃ dhenū, dhenuyo

Abl., Ins. bhūmiyā, bhūmyā bhūmībhi, bhūmīhi Abl., Ins. dhenuyā dhenūbhi, dhenūhi

Dat., Gen. bhūmiyā bhūmīnaṃ Dat. Gen. dhenuyā dhenūnaṃ

Loc. bhūmiyaṃ, bhūmiyā bhūmīsu Loc. dhenuyaṃ, dhenuyā dhenūsu

Feminine nouns in ī Feminine nouns in u (2)

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. kumārī kumārī, kumāriyo Nom. mātā mātaro

Acc. kumāriṃ kumārī, kumāriyo Acc. mātaraṃ mātare, mātaro

Abl., Ins. kumāriyā kumārībhi, kumārīhi Abl., Ins. mātarā, (mātuyā) mātarebhi, mātarehi, mātūbhi,
mātūhi
Dat., Gen. kumāriyā kumārīnaṃ
Dat., Gen. mātuyā mātarānaṃ, mātānaṃ, mātūnaṃ
Loc. kumāriyaṃ, kumāriyā kumārīsu
Loc. mātari mātaresu, mātusu

Notes: Voc. māta, mātā, māte mātaro

Dhītu (daughter) and duhitu (daughter) are declined like mātu.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 3

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Neuter nouns in a Neuter nouns in u

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom. nayanaṃ nayanā, nayanāni Nom., Voc. cakkhu cakkhū, cakkhūni

Acc. nayanaṃ nayane, nayanāni Acc. cakkhuṃ cakkhū, cakkhūni

Ins. nayanena nayanebhi, nayanehi Abl., Ins. cakkhunā cakkhūbhi, cakkhūhi

Dat. nayanāya, nayanassa nayanānaṃ Dat., Gen. cakkhuno, cakkhussa cakkhūnaṃ

Abl. nayanā, nayanamhā, nayanasmā nayanebhi, nayanehi Loc. cakkhumhi, cakkhusmiṃ cakkhūsu

Gen. nayanassa nayanānaṃ

Notes:
Loc. nayane, nayanamhi, nayanasmiṃ nayanesu

Voc. nayana, nayanā nayanāni

Neuter nouns in i

Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. aṭṭhi aṭṭhī, aṭṭhīni

Acc. aṭṭhiṃ aṭṭhī, aṭṭhīni

Ins. aṭṭhinā aṭṭhībhi, aṭṭhīhi

Dat., Gen. aṭṭhino, aṭṭhissa aṭṭhīnaṃ

Abl. aṭṭhinā, aṭṭhimhā, aṭṭhismā aṭṭhībhi, aṭṭhīhi

Loc. aṭṭhini, aṭṭhimhi, aṭṭhismiṃ aṭṭhisu, aṭṭhīsu

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 4

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Adjectival nouns (masculine/neuter) First personal pronoun

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom. guṇavā guṇavanto, guṇavantā Nom. ahaṃ mayaṃ, amhe

Acc. guṇavantaṃ guṇavante Acc. maṃ, mamaṃ amhe, amhākaṃ, no

Ins. guṇavatā, guṇavantena guṇavantebhi, guṇavantehi Ins. mayā, me amhebhi, amhehi, no

Dat., Gen. guṇavato, guṇavantassa guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ Dat., Gen. mama, mayhaṃ, me, mamaṃ amhaṃ, amhākaṃ, no

Abl. guṇavatā, guṇavantamhā, guṇavantebhi, guṇavantehi Abl. mayā amhebhi, amhehi

guṇavantasmā
Loc. mayi amhesu
Loc. guṇavati, guṇavante, guṇavantesu
guṇavantamhi, Second personal pronoun
guṇavantasmiṃ
Singular Plural
Voc. guṇavaṃ, guṇava, guṇavā guṇavanto, guṇavantā
Nom. tvaṃ, tuvaṃ tumhe
* Those ending in -mantu should be declined as: cakkhumā, cakkhumanto,
Acc. taṃ, tavaṃ, tuvaṃ tumhe, tumhākaṃ, vo
cakkhumatā, and so on.
Ins. tvayā, tayā, te tumhebhi, tumhehi, vo
Adjectival nouns (feminine) Dat., Gen. tava, tuyhaṃ, te tumhaṃ, tumhākaṃ, vo
In the feminine, guṇavā becomes guṇavatī/guṇavantī, and is declined like
Abl. tvayā, tayā tumhebhi, tumhehi
kumārī.
Loc. tvayi, tayi tumhesu

(Te, me and vo, no should not be used at the beginning of a sentence.)

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 5

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Relative pronoun (masculine) Demonstrative pronoun ta (masculine)

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom. yo ye Nom. so te

Acc. yaṃ ye Acc. taṃ, naṃ te, ne

Ins. yena yebhi, yehi Ins. tena tebhi, tehi

Dat., Gen. yassa yesaṃ, yesānaṃ Dat., Gen. tassa tesaṃ, tesānaṃ

Abl. yamhā, yasmā yebhi, yehi Abl. tamhā, tasmā tebhi, tehi

Loc. yamhi, yasmiṃ yesu Loc. tamhi, tasmiṃ tesu

Relative pronoun (feminine) Demonstrative pronoun ta (feminine)

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom. yā yā, yāyo Nom. sā tā, tāyo

Acc. yaṃ yā, yāyo Acc. taṃ, naṃ tā, tāyo

Ins., Abl. yāya yābhi, yāhi Ins., Abl. tāya tābhi, tāhi

Dat., Gen. yassā, yāya yāsaṃ, yāsānāṃ Dat., Gen. tassā, tāyo tāsaṃ, tāsānaṃ

Loc. yassaṃ, yāyaṃ yāsu Loc. tassaṃ, tāyaṃ tāsu

Relative pronoun (neuter) Demonstrative pronoun ta (neuter)

Nom., Acc. yaṃ ye, yāni Nom., Acc. taṃ te, tāni

The rest is similar to that of masculine. The rest is similar to that of the masculine. Eta is declined like ta.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 6

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Demonstrative pronoun ima (masculine) Present participle, active (masculine)

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nom. ayaṃ ime Nom. gacchaṃ, gacchanto gacchanto, gacchantā

Acc. imaṃ ime Acc. gacchantaṃ gacchante

Ins. anena, iminā ebhi, ehi, imebhi, imehi Ins. gacchatā, gacchantena gacchantebhi, gacchantehi

Dat., Gen. assa, imassa esaṃ, esānaṃ, imesaṃ, Dat., Gen. gacchato, gacchantassa gacchataṃ, gacchantānaṃ
imesānaṃ
Abl. gacchatā, gacchantamhā, gacchantebhi, gacchantehi
Abl. asmā, imamhā, imasmā ebhi, ehi, imebhi, imehi gacchantasmā

Loc. asmiṃ, imamhi, imasmiṃ esu, imesu Loc. gacchati, gacchante, gacchantesu
gacchantamhi. gacchantasmiṃ
Demonstrative pronoun ima (feminine)
Voc. gacchaṃ, gaccha, gacchā gacchanto, gacchantā
Singular Plural

Nom. ayaṃ imā, imāyo Present participle, active (feminine)

Acc. imaṃ imā, imāyo Singular Plural

Ins., Abl. imāya imābhi, imāhi Nom., Voc. gacchantī gacchantī, gacchantiyo

Dat., Gen. assā, assāya, imissā, imissāya, āsaṃ, āsānaṃ, imāsaṃ, Acc. gacchantiṃ gacchantī, gacchantiyo
imāya imāsānaṃ Ins., Abl. gacchantiyā gacchantībhi, gacchantīhi
Loc. assaṃ, imissaṃ, imāyaṃ imāsu Dat. Gen. gacchantiyā gacchantīnaṃ

Loc. gacchantiyaṃ, gacchantiyā gacchantīsu

Demonstrative pronoun ima (neuter)

Nom., Acc. idaṃ, imaṃ ime, imāni

The rest is similar to that of the masculine.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 7

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Present participle, active (neuter) Past participle

Singular Plural ● āgata = come ● bhinna = broken

● ānīta = brought ● bhutta = eaten
Nom. gacchaṃ gacchantā, gacchantāni
● āhaṭa = brought ● bhūta = become, been
Acc. gacchantaṃ gacchante, gacchantāni ● otiṇṇa = descended ● mata = dead
The rest is similar to that of the masculine. ● kata = done, made ● yutta = connected with
● kālakata = dead ● laddha = received
All these have another form ending in -māna, like gacchamāna. In that form ● kīta = bought ● vandita = worshipped
they are declined like nara in the masculine, vanitā in the feminine, and ● kuddha = enraged, angry ● vutta = told, said
nayana in the neuter. ● khinna = dejected ● vuttha = lived
● gata = gone ● sayita = slept
Present participle, passive ● chinna = cut ● suta = heard
The passive present participle is formed by adding ī+ya to the root before ● jāta = grown ● sutta = slept
the active terminations. ● ñāta = known ● haṭa = carried
● ṭhita = stood ● hata = killed
Potential (future) participle, passive ● tiṇṇa = crossed, gone ashore ● harita = carried
The potential participle is formed by adding tabba and anīya to the verbal ● daṭṭha = bitten
base. ● diṭṭha = seen
● dinna = given
● kattabba = must/to/should be done ● nahāta = bathed
● karaṇīya = must/to/should be done ● nisinna = sat, seated
● kātabba = must/to/should be done ● nīta = carried
● dātabba = must/to/should be given ● pakka = cooked
● sotabba = must/to/should be heard ● pacita = cooked
● pahaṭa = beaten
● baddha = trapped

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 8

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Present tense, active (1st conjugation) Past indefinite, active (1st, 5th conjugation)

Singular Plural Singular Plural

3rd pacati pacanti 3rd apacī, pacī, apaci, paci apaciṃsu, paciṃsu, apacuṃ, pacuṃ

2nd pacasi pacatha 2nd apaco, paco apacittha, pacittha

1st pacāmi pacāma 1st apaciṃ, paciṃ apacimha, pacimha, apacimhā, pacimhā

Present tense, active (5th conjugation) Past indefinite, active (7th conjugation)

Singular Plural Singular Plural

3rd vikkiṇāti vikkiṇanti 3rd pālesi, pālayi pālesuṃ, pālayuṃ, pālayimsu

2nd vikkiṇāsi vikkiṇātha 2nd pālayo pālayittha

1st vikkiṇāmi vikkiṇāma 1st pālesiṃ, pālayiṃ pālayimha, pālayimhā

Present tense, active (7th conjugation) Future tense

Singular Plural Singular Plural

3rd pāleti, pālayati pālenti, pālayanti 3rd pacissati pacissanti

2nd pālesi, pālayasi pāletha, pālayatha 2nd pacissasi pacissatha

1st pālemi, pālayāmi pālema, pālayāma 1st pacissāmi pacissāma

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 9

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Present tense, passive Absolutives

Singular Plural ● āgamma = having come ● vidhāya = having commanded or

● ādāya = having taken done
3rd paharīyati paharīyanti
● āruyha = having ascended
2nd paharīyasi paharīyatha ● okkamma = having gone aside

1st paharīyāmi paharīyāma ● oruyha = having descended

● katvā = having done
● gahetvā = having taken
Imperative mood
● ṭhatvā = having stood
Singular Plural
● datvā = having given
3rd pacatu pacantu ● disvā = having seen
● nahātvā = having bathed
2nd paca, pacāhi pacatha
● nikkhamma = having come out
1st pacāmi pacāma
● paggayha = having raised up
● pahāya = having left
Optative mood

Singular Plural Infinitives

● kātuṃ = to do ● bhottuṃ = to eat
3rd paceyya paceyyuṃ
● gantuṃ = to go ● laddhuṃ = to get
2nd paceyyāsi paceyyātha ● dātuṃ = to give ● sotuṃ = to hear
1st paceyyāmi paceyyāma ● pātuṃ = to drink

Causatives
● corāpeti = causes to steal ● bhojāpeti = causes to eat
● dāpeti = causes to give ● mārāpeti = causes to kill
● nahāpeti = causes to bathe

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 10

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Vocabulary apagacchati (v) goes away, moves aside. āyudha (n) weapon.
apara (pron/adj) other, western. ārabhati (v) begins.
[a] api (conj) too. ārāma (m) garden, monastery.
appaka (adj) few, a little. āruhati (v) ascends, climbs.
akkosati (v) scolds. abhiṇhaṃ (adv) constantly. āloka (m) light.
akkhi (n) eye. amata (n) ambrosia. āvāṭa (m) pit.
aggi (m) fire. amba (m,n) mango. āharati (v) brings.
aṅguli (f) finger. ambu (n) water. āhāra (m) food.
acci (n) flame. ammā (f) mother. āhiṇḍati (v) wanders, roams, travels.
aja (m) goat. arañña (n) forest.
ajja (adv) today. ari (m) enemy. [i]
añña (pron/adj) other, another. alaṅkaroti (v) adorns.
aññatara (pron/adj) certain. alāta (n) firebrand. icchati (v) wishes.
aṭavi (f) forest. asani (f) thunder-bolt. itara (pron/adj) the other.
aṭṭha (num) eight. asi (m) sword. ito (adv) hence.
aṭṭhama (adj) eighth. assa (m) horse. itthī (f) woman.
aṭṭhi (n) bone, seed. assu (n) tear. idāni (adv) now.
aṇda (n) egg. ahi (m) serpent. idha (adv) here.
atithi (m) guest. ima (pron) this.
atta (pron) own. [ā] isi (m) sage, hermit.
atthannū (m) knower of the meaning.
atthi (v) verb to be. ākaḍḍhati (v) pulls, drags. [u]
athavā (conj) or. ākāsa (m) sky.
addhā (adv) certainly. ākhu (m) rat. ukkhipati (v) raises up.
adhipati (m) lord, leader. āgacchati (v) comes. uggaṇhāti (v) learns.
anu (prep) along. āṇāpeti (v) bids. ucca (adj) high, tall.
anugacchati (v) follows. āneti (v) brings. ucchu (m) sugarcane.
anussarati (v) remembers. āpaṇa (m) shop, market. uṭṭhahati (v) rises.
antarā (adv) between. āma (adj) unripe. (indec) yes. uṭṭhāpeti (v) raises, awakens.
anto (adv) inside. āyu (n) age. uḍḍeti (v) flies.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 11

Tipitaka Network (http://wwwṭipitakaṇet) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part I

uttāna (adj) shallow. kāsu (f) pit.

udaka (n) water. [k] kāḷa (adj) black.
udadhi (m) ocean, sea. kiṇāti (v) buys.
udeti (v) [the sun or moon] rises. ka (pron) who? kitti (f) fame.
upari (adv) up, over. kakkhaḷa (adj) cruel. kīḷati (v) plays.
uppala (n) lily. kacchu (f) itch. kukkuṭī (f) hen.
ubhaya (pron/adj) both. kaññā (f) girl, maiden, young woman. kucchi (m) belly.
uyyāna (n) park. kaṭacchu (m) spoon. kuṭṭhī (m) leper.
ussahati (v) tries. kaṇeru (f) she-elephant. kuto (adv) from where?
katama (pron/adj) which [of the many]. kumāra (m) boy.
[e] katara (pron/adj) which [of the two]. kumārī (f) girl, damsel.
kattu (m) doer, maker, builder. kula (n) family, caste.
ek'evā (indec) each. kattha (adv) where? kulavantu (adj) of high caste.
eka (pron/adj) one, certain. kathaṃ (adv) how? kahāpaṇa (m) florin, coin.
ekato (adv) together. kathā (f) speech. kuhiṃ (adv) where?
ekattha (adv) in one place. katheti (v) tells, says, speaks. kūla (n) bank [of a river, etc.]
ekadā (adv) one day, once. kadalī (f) plantain. ketu (m) banner.
ekadhā (adv) in one way. kadā (adv) when? koṭi (num) crore = 10 million.
ekamantaṃ (adv) aside. kapi (m) monkey. kodha (m) anger.
eta (pron) this, that. karī (m) elephant. koḷambanagara (m) Colombo.
ettha (adv) here. karoti (v) does.
evaṃ (adv) thus, so, yes. kavi (m) poet. [ kh ]
kasati (v) ploughs.
[o] kasmā (adv) why? khaṇati (v) digs.
kassaka (m) farmer. khanti (f) patience.
ocināti (v) gathers [together], collects. kāka (m) crow. khara (adj) rough, coarse.
odana (m) cooked rice. kākī (f) she-crow. khādati (v) eats.
oruhati (v) descends. kāya (m) body. khīra (n) milk.
oloketi (v) looks at, watches. kāraṇa (n) reason. khudā (f) hunger.
ovadati (v) admonishes. kālaṃ karoti (v) dies. khuddaka (adj) small.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 12

Tipitaka Network (http://wwwṭipitakaṇet) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part I

khetta (n) field. [c] jaṇṇu (n) knee.

jatu (n) sealing wax.
[g] ca (conj) and. jayati (v) conquers, is victorious.
cakkumantu (adj) possessor of eyes. jala (n) water.
gaṅgā (f) river. cakkhu (n) eye. jānāti (v) knows.
gacchati (v) goes. catu (num) four. jānu (n) knee.
gaṇī (m) one who has a following. catuttha (adj) fourth. jāleti (v) kindles, lights.
gaṇhāti (v) takes. catuppada (adj) quadruped, that which has four feet. jināti (v) wins.
gantu (m) goer. canda (m) moon. jivhā (f) tongue.
gambhīra (adj) deep. carati (v) walks, travels. jīvati (v) lives.
garu (m) teacher. citta (n) mind. jetu (m) victor, winner.
gavesati (v) seeks. cinteti (v) thinks.
gahapati (m) householder. ciraṃ (adv) for a long time. [ñ]
gāma (m) village. ce (conj) if.
gāyati (v) sings. cetiya (n) shrine. ñāṇa (n) wisdom.
gāvī (f) cow. cora (m) thief, robber, bandit.
giri (m) mountain. coreti (v) steals. [ ṭh ]
gīvā (f) neck.
guṇavantu (adj) virtuous. [ ch ] ṭhapeti (v) keeps.
guhā (f) cave. ṭhāna (n) place.
geha (m,n) house. cha (num) six.
goṇa (m) ox, bull. chaṭṭha (adj) sixth. [ḍ]
godhā (f) iguana. chatta (n) umbrella.
chattī (m) possessor of an umbrella. ḍasati (v) bites.
[ gh ] chāyā (f) shadow, shade.
chindati (v) cuts. [t]
ghaṭa (m) water-pot.
ghāna (n) nose. [j] ta (pron) that.
ghāyati (v) smell. taṇḍula (m,n) rice (uncooked).
jaṅghā (f) calf of the leg shank. tatiya (adj) third.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 13

Tipitaka Network (http://wwwṭipitakaṇet) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part I

tato (adv) from there. dāṭhā (f) tusk. dvādasa (num) twelve.
tatth'eva (adv) on the spot. dāṭhī (m) tusker. dvi (num) two.
tattha (adv) there. dātu (m) giver. dvikkhattuṃ (adv) twice.
tatra (adv) there. dāna (n) charity, alms. dvidhā (adv) into two.
tathā (indec) just so, in that way. dāyaka (n) giver.
tadā (adv) then. dāraka (m) boy. [ dh ]
tarati (v) crosses. dārikā (f) girl.
taru (m) tree. dāru (n) firewood. dhañña (n) corn.
taruṇī (f) young woman. dāsa (m) slave, servant. dhana (n) wealth.
tāva (indec) till then, so long. dāsī (f) slave woman. dhanavantu (adj) rich, wealthy.
ti (num) three. divasa (m) day. dhanu (n) bow.
tiṭṭhati (v) stands, remains. disā (f) direction. dhamma (m) doctrine.
tiṇa (n) grass. dīgha (adj) long. dhātu (f) element.
tipu (n) lead. dīghajīvī (m) possessor of a long life. dhāvati (v) runs.
tiriyaṃ (adv) across. dīpa (m) island, lamp. dhītu (f) daughter.
tiṃsati (num) thirty. dīpi (m) leopard, tiger. dhūli (f) dust.
tulā (f) scale, balance. dukkha (n) trouble, pain. dhenu (f) cow [of any kind].
dukkhaṃ (adv) with difficulty, miserably. dhovati (v) washes.
[d] dutiya (adj) second.
dundubhi (f) drum. [n]
dakkhiṇa (adj) southern. dubbala (adj) feeble, weak.
dadāti (v) gives. duhitu (f) daughter. nagara (n) city.
daddu (f) eczema. deti (v) gives. nattu (m) grandson.
dadhi (n) curd. deva (m) god, deity. nadī (f) river.
danta (m) tusk. devatā (f) deity. nara (m) man.
dasa (num) ten. devī (f) queen, goddess. nava (num) nine.
dasama (adj) tenth. desanā (f) discourse, preaching. navama (adj) ninth.
dassanīya (adj) beautiful, handsome. deseti (v) preaches. nahāyati (v) bathes.
dahara (adj) young. doṇi (f) boat. nānā (adv) separately.
daḷhaṃ (adv) tightly, strictly. dolā (f) palanquin. nārī (f) woman.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 14

Tipitaka Network (http://wwwṭipitakaṇet) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part I

nāvā (f) ship. paññavantu (adj) wise. pāṇi (m) hand.

nāvika (m) sailor. paññāsā (num) fifty. pāteti (v) fells, drops down.
nāsā (f) nose. paṭinivattati (v) goes back. pāto (adv) in the morning.
nāḷi (f) corn-measure. paṭiyādeti (v) prepares. pāda (m) leg, foot.
nāḷikera (m,n) coconut. paṭhama (adj) first. pāpa (n) sin, evil.
nikkhamati (v) goes forth from, comes out of. paṭhamaṃ (adv) first. pāpakārī (m) evil-doer, sinner.
niddā (f) sleep. paṇḍita (adj) wise. pāleti (v) protects, governs.
nidhi (m) hidden treasure. paṇṇa (n) leaf. pāsāṇa (m) rock, stone.
nibbattati (v) is born. patati (v) falls. pi (conj) too.
niraya (m) hell. pati (m) husband, master. pitu (m) father.
nisīdati (v) sits. patti (f) infantry. pipāsā (f) thirst.
nīca (adj) low, vulgar. padīpa (m) lamp, light. pivati (v) drinks.
nīla (adj) blue. paduma (n) lotus. piḷandhati (v) dons, adorns.
nīharati (v) ejects. panasa (m,n) jackfruit. pīṭha (n) chair.
neti (v) carries. pannā (f) wisdom. pīta (adj) yellow.
netu (m) leader. pabbajati (v) leaves the household life, becomes a monk. pīḷeti (v) oppresses, teases.
pabbata (m) mountain. puñña (n) merit, good action.
[p] pabhū (m) overlord. puññavantu (adj) fortunate.
para (pron/adj) other, the latter. putta (m) son.
pajahati (v) leaves. parasuve (adv) day after tomorrow. puna (adv) again.
pakka (adj) ripe. parahīyo (adv) day before yesterday. puppha (n) flower.
pakkhipati (v) puts in. paridahati (v) wears. pubba (pron/adj) former, eastern.
pakkhī (m) bird. parisā (f) following, retinue. pura (n) town, city.
paggaṇhāti (v) raises up, holds out. pavisati (v) enters. purato (prep) in the front of, before.
pacati (v) cooks. pasu (m) beast. purā (adv) formerly, in former days, previously.
paccāgacchati (v) goes back. passa (m, n) side. purisa (m) man.
pacchā (adv) afterwards. passati (v) sees, looks at. pulina (n) sand.
pañca (num) five. paharati (v) beats, strikes, hits. pūjā (f) offering.
pañcadhā (adv) in five ways. pāka (m) cooking. pūjeti (v) offers, respects, honours.
pañcama (adj) fifth. pāṭhasālā (f) school. pokkharaṇī (f) pond.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 15

Tipitaka Network (http://wwwṭipitakaṇet) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part I

bhaṇḍa (n) goods. mantī (m) minister.

[ ph ] bhatta (n) meal, rice. mayūra (m) peacock.
bhattu (m) husband. maraṇa (n) death.
pharasu (m) axe. bhariyā (f) wife. marati (v) dies.
phala (n) fruit. bhavati (v) verb to be. mahanta (adj) big, large, great.
phalavantu (adj) fruitful. bhāgī (m) sharer. mahallaka (adj) elderly, old.
bhājeti (v) divides. mahī (f) earth, the river of that name.
[b] bhātu (m) brother. mātāpitara (m) parents.
bhānumantu (adj) sun. mātu (f) mother.
bandhati (v) binds, ties. bhāyati (v) fears (abl. follows). mātulānī (f) aunt.
bandhava (m) kinsman, relative. bhāsati (v) says. māreti (v) kills.
bandhu (m) relation, kinsman, relative. bhikkhu (m) monk. mālā (f) garland.
bandhumantu (adj) with many relations. bhindati (v) breaks. mālī (m) one who has a garland.
bala (n) power, strength. bhuñjati (v) eats. māsa (m) month.
balavantu (adj) powerful. bhūpati (m) king. miga (m) deer, beast.
balī (m) a powerful person. bhūpāla (m) king. migī (f) [female] deer.
bahu (adj) many, much. bhūmi (f) earth, ground, floor. miṇāti (v) measures.
bahuka (adj) many, much. bhogī (m) serpent. mitta (m) friend.
bāla (adj) foolish, young. muṭṭhi (m) fist, hammer.
bāhu (m) arm. [m] mudu (adj) soft.
Buddha (m) the Enlightened One. muni (m) monk.
buddhimantu (adj) intelligent. magga (m) path, road. mūla (n) money, cash, root, foot [of tree].
bodhi (m) Bo tree. majjhima (adj) medium, middle.
brāhmaṇī (f) Brahman woman. mañca (m) bed. [y]
manjūsā (f) box.
[ bh ] maṇi (m) gem. ya (pron) which, who, whichever, whoever.
mati (f) wisdom. yaṭṭhi (m) stick.
bhagavantu (adj) the Blessed/Exalted One, fortunate. mattannū (m) temperate, one who knows the measure. yaṭṭhi (f) [walking] stick.
bhaginī (f) sister. madhu (n) honey. yathā (indec) just as.
bhañjati (v) breaks. manussa (m) human being. yadā (adv) when, whenever.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 16

Tipitaka Network (http://wwwṭipitakaṇet) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part I

yadi (conj) if. labhati (v) gets, acquires, receives, obtains. vānarī (f) she-monkey.
yasavantu (adj) famous. likhati (v) writes. vāpī (f) tank.
yāgu (f) rice gruel. lekhaka (m) clerk. vāri (n) water.
yācaka (m) beggar. loka (m) world. vālukā (f) sand.
yācati (v) begs, asks for. locana (n) eye. vikkiṇāti (v) sells.
yāva (indec) till then, so long. vijju (f) lightning.
yuvati (f) maiden. [v] vitthata (adj) wide, broad.
vinā (indec) except, without.
[r] vacana (n) word, speaking, utterance. vinnātu (m) knower.
vaḍḍhakī (m) carpenter. vinnū (m) wise man.
rakkhati (v) protects, observes [precepts]. vatti (v) speaks, says. vidahati (v) assigns.
rajjaṃ karoti (v) reigns. vattu (m) sayer. vidū (m) wise man, knower.
rajju (f) rope. vattha (n) cloth. vinā (indec) without.
ratta (adj) red. vatthu (n) ground, base. vinetu (m) instructor.
ratti (f) night. vadana (n) face, mouth. vibhajati (v) distributes, divides.
ratha (m) chariot. vadannū (m) charitable person. visikhā (f) street.
ravati (v) crows. vana (n) forest. visuṃ (adv) separately, severally.
ravi (m) sun. vanitā (f) woman. vissajjeti (v) spends.
rassa (adj) short, dwarf. vandati (v) worships, bows down. viharati (v) lives, resides.
rājinī (f) queen. vapu (n) body. vihāra (m) monastery.
rāsi (m) heap. varāha (m) pig. vīsati (num) twenty.
rukkha (m) tree. vasati (v) lives, dwells. vīhi (m) paddy.
rūpa (n) form, image. vasu (n) wealth. vuṭṭhi (f) rain.
rodati (v) cries. vasudhā (f) earth. vuddhi (f) increase, progress, prosperity.
vassa (m,n) year. vejja (m) doctor, physician.
[l] vaḷavā (f) mare. veḷu (m) bamboo.
vā (conj) or. vyādhi (m) sickness.
lakkha (num) lakh = 100 thousand. vācā (f) word.
laṅkā (f) Ceylon. vāṇija (m) merchant. [s]
latā (f) creeper. vānara (m) monkey.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 17

Tipitaka Network (http://wwwṭipitakaṇet) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part I

sakaṭa (m) cart. sabbattha (adv) everywhere. suṇāti (v) hears.

sakiṃ (adv) once. sabhā (f) society, assembly, meeting. sunakha (m) dog.
sakuṇa (m) bird. samaṃ (adv) evenly. surā (f) liquor, intoxicant.
sakuṇī (f) [female] bird. sayati (v) sleeps. suriya (m) sun.
sakkoti (v) is able. sasī (m) moon. surūpa (adj) beautiful, handsome.
sakkharā (f) gravel, pebble. sassu (f) mother-in-law. suvaṇṇa (n) gold.
sakhī (f) woman-friend. saha (prep) with. suve (adv) tomorrow.
sagga (m) heaven. sahasā (adv) suddenly. susāna (n) cemetery.
saṅgha (m) the community. sahassa (num) thousand. susu (m) young one.
sace (conj) if. sākhā (f) branch. seṭṭhī (m) millionaire.
saṭṭhi (num) sixty. sādhukaṃ (adv) well. seta (adj) white, fair.
sata (num) hundred. sāmī (m) lord. setu (m) bridge.
satama (adj) hundredth. sāyaṃ (adv) in the evening. senā (f) army, multitude.
sati (f) memory. sārathī (m) charioteer. soṇḍā (f) [elephant's] trunk.
satimantu (adj) mindful. sālā (f) hall. sota (n) ear.
satta (num) seven. sāvatthi (f) city of Sāvatthi. sotu (m) hearer, listener.
sattama (adj) seventh. sikkhāpada (n) precept. sopāṇa (n) stair.
sattu (m) enemy. sikhī (m) peacock.
sattha (n) science. siṅgi (adj) having a horn. [h]
satthi (n) thigh. sindhu (m) sea.
satthu (m) advisor, teacher. silā (f) stone. hattha (m) hand.
sadā (adv) ever, always. sissa (m) student. hatthinī (f) she-elephant.
saddhiṃ (prep) with. sīghaṃ (adv) quickly, soon. hatthī (m) elephant.
sanikaṃ (adv) slowly. sīla (n) precept, virtue. hadaya (n) heart.
santika (adj) near. sīlavantu (adj) virtuous, observant of precepts. hanati (v) kills.
santikā (adv) from. sīha (m) lion. harati (v) carries, takes, leads.
sappa (m) snake. sīhī (f) lioness. hasati (v) laughs.
sappi (n) ghee. sukha (n) comfort, happiness. himavantu (adj) the Himalaya, possessor of ice.
sabba (pron/adj) all. sukhaṃ (adv) comfortably, happily. hīyo (adv) yesterday.
sabbannū (m) the omniscient one. sukhī (m) receiver of comfort, happy. hoti (v) verb to be.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ Page 18