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Melia Azedarach, Bakaayan, Bakain Plant

Description for Melia Azedarach, Bakaayan, Bakain

Plant height: 22 – 34 inches
Plant spread: 3 – 5 inches
The adult tree has a rounded crown and commonly measures 7 to 12 meters tall, however in exceptional circumstances, M. azedar ach can
attain a height of 45 meters (150 ft).
Common name(s): Persian Lilac, chinaberry, chinaberry tree
Flower colours: Pale violet
Bloom time: May
Max reachable height: Up to 150 ft feet
Difficulty to grow: Easy to grow

Planting and care

The deep planting encourages the developing stem to send out roots to help stabilize the plant and perhaps eliminate the need for
staking. Also, deep planting keeps lily bulbs cool when temperatures soar. Enrich the soil with leaf mold or well -rotted organic matter to
encourage good drainage.
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil: Well-drained soil
Water: Medium
Temperature: 20-30 degrees C
Fertilizer: Apply any organic fertilizer

Caring for Melia Azedarach

 The mulch should feel moist but not wet. Apply a high -potassium liquid fertilizer every 2 weeks from early spring until 6
weeks after flowering.
 Keep moist in winter.
 Apply a thin layer of compost each spring, followed by a 2-inch layer of mulch. Stake tall lilies.

Typical uses of Melia Azedarach

Special features: Effective as a specimen or in small groups. Shrub borders, foundations. Screen or informal hedge for property lines.
Ornamental use: The plant is used for the ornamental purpose.
Medicinal use: It is known as Mahanimba in Sanskrit and used for treating various diseases. This tree has antioxidant, antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, analgesic, anticancer, antiulcer, antipyretic, anti -plasmodial activities.

 Note: Use only after consulting the specialist.

Bakayan Tree (Melia azedarach) Uses, Warnings and More

Bakayan tree(Melia azedarach Linn) medicinal uses details and simple home remedies to treat various
health problems. This tree used for making Ayurvedic medicines. Seeds are poisonous hence used in
very small quantity.
Anupama July 12, 2017
Table of Contents [hide]
 1 Melia azedarach & Azadirachta indica
 2 General Information of Bakayan Tree
 3 Bakayan Tree Botanical Description
 4 Bakayan Tree Common Names
 5 Scientific Classification Of Melia azedarach
 6 Constituents of Bakayan Tree Ayurveda
 7 Melia azedarach (Mahanimba) in Ayurveda
 8 Important Medicinal Properties Melia azedarach
 9 Medicinal Uses of Melia azedarach
 10 The Dosage of Melia azedarach
 11 Other Uses of Bakayan Tree
 12 Contraindications, Interactions, Side-effects, and Warnings Melia azedarach
Bead Tree, Chinaberry, China Tree, Persian Lilac, Pride of India, Maha Neem, Bakain, Bakarja,
Bakayan, Betain, Deikna, Drek, Azad-darakht and Bakaen are the few synonyms for the tree Melia
azedarach. It is an ornamental tree with multiple uses. It possesses important medicinal properties but
these are not much appreciated in India by the people and are neglected in favor of the more well-
known Neem.

Maha Nimba is used for therapeutic purpose in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani System of Medicine. It has
significant blood detoxifying and anthelmintic properties and is used in the treatment of diseases of
the skin. The extract obtained from the bark and the fruit is used to kill parasitic roundworms. For
nervous headache, a poultice made from the leaves and flowers is used. Like Neem, the leaves, bark,
and fruit are insect repellent. The oil obtained from the seed is used in rheumatism. For asthma, the
Wood-extract is used. The fruit has narcotic qualities and large quantities are poisonous.
Melia azedarach & Azadirachta indica
Melia azedarach (Maha Nimba) looks similar to the tree Azadirachta indica (Neem). Both have
compound leaves with narrow, serrate-edged leaflets terminating in long points through the Melia
azedarach leaves are smaller in size and lack the curve and are sub-divided at the base into several
pinnae bearing five or seven leaflets. Both the trees are native to India and belong to same plant genus
Melia, a small genus consisting of 2 species i.e. azedarach and Azadirachta.

The Sanskrit name of Melia azedarach is Maha Nimba whereas Azadirachta indica is known as Nimba.
Both the trees can be easily seen in parks and along roadsides. Azadirachta indica has anti-
inflammatory and antipyretic properties. Melia azedarach has an anthelmintic effect and used for
worm infestation.
Melia azedarach has a close affinity with Neem and much used as a substitute for Neem. Heartwood
and seed oil of the tree is used as a substitute for neem.

General Information of Bakayan Tree

Melia azedarach is found throughout India. It is found growing naturally in the sub-Himalayan tracts up
to 1800 m. It is a deciduous tree up reaching up to 45 m height. It has a spreading crown and sparsely
branched limbs. The bark is smooth, greenish-brown when young and turn grey and fissured with age.

Bakayan Tree Botanical Description

Leaves: The leaves are up to 50 cm long, alternate, long-petioled, two or three times compound (odd-
pinnate); the leaflets are dark green above and lighter green below, with serrate margins.
Flower: The flowers are small and fragrant, with five pale purple or lilac petals, growing in clusters.
sepals 5-lobed, 1 cm long; petals 5-lobed, 0.9 cm long, pubescent; staminal tube deep purple-blue, 0.5
cm long, 1 cm across.
Fruit: The fruit is a drupe, marble-sized, light yellow at maturity, hanging on the tree all winter, and
gradually becoming wrinkled and almost white.
Bark: Comparatively thin, about 0.2 to 0.6 cm thick; outer surface black and rough being slightly
fissured and exfoliating in small slightly woody pieces light and dark-grey to greyish-black in color;
inner bark made up of creamy layer alternating with whitish ones; fracture, fibrous; taste, extremely
bitter.
The leaves fall in winters and the tree appears naked except for the bunches of cherry-like fruits which,
when ripe and lusciously golden, attract bulbuls and other birds in large numbers.

1. Part(s) used for medicinal purpose: Root, Stembark, Flower, Leaf, Root, Bark, Fruit, Seed,
Gum, Sap
2. Plant type / Growth Habit: Tree
3. Duration: Perennial
 4. Habitat: Wild in the sub-Himalayan tract at 700-1000 m, cultivated and naturalized throughout
India.
5. Growth rate: Fast growing.
6. Soil type: Deep, fertile, sandy loam soils support the best growth.
Bakayan Tree Common Names
1. Scientific Name: Melia Azedarach
2. Assamese: Khammaga
3. Bengali: Ghoranim, Mahanim, Gora-Nim
4. English: Persian Lilac, Chinaberry, Bead Tree, Bastard Cedar, Indian/Barbados/Cape Lilac,
Bakain, Drek, Deikna
5. Gujrati: Bakan Limado, Bakai Nimbu
6. Hindi: Bakain, Drek, Deikna, Bakarja, Malla Nim
7. Kannada: Kadu Bevu
8. Malayalam: Malaveppu
9. Marathi: Bakana Nimb
10.Punjabi: Dharek, Bakain, Drek
11.Sanskrit: Ramyaka, Dreka
12.Tamil: Malaivembu, Mallay Vembu, Puvempu, Malaivembu
13.Telugu: Turakavepa, Taraka Vepa
14.Urdu: Maghz-E-Bakain, Bakaayan
15.Filipino: Paraiso, Bagaluñga, Balagañgo
16.French: Lilas Des Antilles, Lilas Des Indes, Fleurs Lilas, Piment D’eau
17.German: Zedarachßaum, Paternosterßaum
18.Indonesia: Marambung, Mindi, Gringging
19.Italian: Albero Dei Paternostri
20.Javanese: Gringging
21.Nepali: Bakena, Bakaina, Bakaino
22.Trade Name: Persian Lilac
Scientific Classification Of Melia azedarach
All plants are scientifically classified into main 7 levels. These levels are the Kingdom, Division, Class,
Order, Family, Genus, and Species. A genus comprises of many species and the botanical name consists
of Genus (uppercase) followed by Species (lowercase). Genus consists of many species which are
closely related and have lots of similarities. Species is the lowest level of classification.

The botanical name of Bakayin is Melia azedarach, Linn. It belongs to plant family Meliaceage. Below
is given a taxonomical classification of the plant.

1. Kingdom: Plantae (comprising all living or extinct plants)

2. Subkingdom: Tracheobionta (have lignified tissues or xylem for conducting water and
minerals)
3. Superdivision: Spermatophyta (produce seeds)
4. Division: Magnoliophyta (flowering plants)
5. Class: Magnoliopsida (flowering plant producing an embryo with paired cotyledons)
6. Subclass: Rosidae
7. Order: Sapindales
8. Family: Meliaceae – Mahogany family
9. Genus: Melia L.
10.Species: Melia azedarach L.
Synonyms
1. Melia semperrirens Sw.
2. Melia bukayun Royle.
Nimba and Mahanimba, are two different trees belonging to the same family, Meliaceae. The botanical
name of Neem is Azadirachta indica A. Juss; Melia Azadirachta L.; Melia indica (A. Juss) Bandis.
Constituents of Bakayan Tree Ayurveda
Quercitrin, rutin and tetranortriterpenoids, salanin and vilasinin are present in leaves. Quercetin has
antioxidantand anti-inflammatory effects and helps to reduce inflammation.
Rutin is a flavonol glycoside comprised of quercetin and rutinose found in many plants. Rutin has
antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, β-amyloid oligomer-reducing, antimicrobial, antifungal,
neuroprotective and anti-allergic activities.
The fruit of Melia azedarach contains the alkaloid aziridine, a resin, meliotannic acid and benzoic acid,
oil, glucose, hydrocarbons, and proteins. The bitter constituents are present exclusively in the pericarp,
not in the kernel of the fruit.
The bakayan tree heartwood contains bakayanin a lactone, bakalactone.
The fixed oil extracted from the bakayan tree seed contains butyric, valeric, stearic, palmitic, oleic,
linoleic, arachidic, licorice, unsaturated resinous acids, and margosline.
The bark of the bakayan tree contains the alkaloid paraisine. The inner bark is extremely bitter
nauseous but not astringent and contain yellowish-white resin and exhibits anthelmintic activity. The
outer bark is astringent and contains tannins.
Unani Medicine containing Bakayin Tree
HABB-E-MUSAFFI-E-KHOON (Berg Bakayin, Leaf)

Ayurvedic Medicines containing Bakayan tree

1. Brihat Manjishthadi Kvatha
2. Divya Arshakalpa Vati
3. Durvadi taila
4. Jatyadi ghrita
5. Maha Vishagarbha Taila
6. Nimbadi Taila
Melia azedarach (Mahanimba) in Ayurveda
Melia azedarach is known as Maha nimba, Nimbaraka, Karmuka, Visa mustika, Ramyaka, Girika,
Udreka, Kshira and Kesha Mushtika, Arista, Brihannimba and Parvatanimba in Sanskrit. The bark of
the tree is considered astringent, bitter, and pungent in taste (Rasa), pungent after digestion (Vipaka),
and is cool in effect (Virya).

1. Rasa (taste on the tongue): Kashaya (Astringent), Katu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter)
2. Guna (Pharmacological Action): Ruksha (Dry),
3. Virya (Action): Shita (Cooling)
4. Vipaka (transformed state after digestion): Katu (Pungent)
Ayurvedic Actions / Karma
 Grahi: Inspissants; stomachic, digestive, and heating qualities dry the fluids of the body.
 Kasahara: Removes cough.
 Pittahara: Pacifies Pitta Dosha.
 Raktadoshahar: blood purifying.
The bark of the tree is used in Ayurveda for the treatment of the following conditions:

1. Asthma (Shvasa)
2. Hallucination (Bhrama)
3. Malaria (Visham jvara)
4. Nausea (Hrillasa)
5. Piles (Arsha)
6. Rat poisoning (Mushaka Visha)
7. Skin diseases (Kushtha)
8. A tumor (Gulma)
9. Urinary diseases (Prameha)
10.Vomiting (Chardi)
Maha Nimba is exceedingly constipative, astringent, unctuous and cooling.
Important Medicinal Properties Melia azedarach
Melia azedarach is rich in medicinal properties. The Rootbark & Fruit are considered astringent, Tonic,
antiperiodic. The Stembark is bitter, Tonic, astringent, antiperiodic, vermifuge and the Fruit is
purgative, emollient and anthelmintic. The leaf has discutient and anthelmintic action. Seed Oil is
stimulant, insecticide, and antiseptic.

Below is given medicinal properties along with the meaning.

1. Abortifacient: Induces abortion.

2. Analgesic: Acting to relieve pain.
3. Anthelmintic: Antiparasitic, expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites
from the body. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of leaves showed significant anthelmintic activity
against tapeworms and hookworms, the aqueous extract is more effective.
4. Anti-asthmatic: Treat or prevent asthma attacks.
5. Antibacterial: Seed Oil show antibacterial action.
6. Antifertility: It has been reported that sperm motility and daily sperm production was
significantly reduced in rats fed with Melia azedarach.
7. Antilithic: Preventing the formation of calculi or promoting their dissolution.
8. Antiseptic: Antiseptic: Capable of preventing infection by inhibiting the growth of infectious
agents.
9. Antispasmodic: Relieve spasm of involuntary muscle.
10.Anti-viral: Effective against viruses.
11.Astringents: Constrict tissues; styptic.
12.Emetic: Causes vomiting.
13.Emmenagogue: Stimulates or increases menstrual flow.
14.Insecticidal: The ethanolic extract of drupes was tested for its anthelmintic activity against the
tapeworm Taenia solium (Cestoda) and the earthworm Pheretima Posthuma (Annelida) using
Piperazine phosphate as the standard drug. The extract was found active against both the tapeworm
and the earthworm tested.
15.Narcotic: In moderate doses dulls the senses, relieves pain, and induces profound sleep but in
excessive doses causes stupor, coma, or convulsions.
16.Poison: Fruits are poisonous to humans if eaten in large quantity.
Medicinal Uses of Melia azedarach
Melia azedarach is used traditionally to treat various ailments such as piles, mouth ulcer, skin
problems, dandruff, gout, inflammation, etc./strong>. The root and the bark are used as an
anthelmintic, vermifuge, cathartic, emetic and for intermittent fevers and dysentery. For
increased frequency and turbidity of urine, skin diseases, nausea, emesis, asthma, gastroenteritis,
giddiness, and vertigo, the dried stem bark is used. A decoction of the leaf is an anthelmintic,
astringent and emetic.
Ascariasis (parasitic roundworm)
An infusion of the bark is effective against ascariasis.

Asthma
An aqueous extract of the heartwood relieves asthmatic attacks.

Dandruff
Apply its leaves juice in hair roots.

Eczema, ringworms, itching on skin, burns

Extract Fresh leaves juice and apply on the affected areas. Do this for a few days.

Fever
Take root, pound to make a paste. 5 gm paste with honey twice in a day, is taken for 5 days.

Gout, arthritis
Boil leaves of Bakayan and apply on the affected joints to get relief from pain.

Hernia
A decoction of the leaf is given to relieve hernia.

Joint pain
Bark paste is applied for joint pain.

Kidney problem, increased uric acid, serum creatinine

Prepare a decoction of Bakayan bark and drink twice a day.

Lice
A paste of the flowers is applied on the head to destroy lice.

Leprosy and scrofulous ulcers

Poultices of the bark are applied.

Menstruation-related problems, uterus problem

For menstruation related problems (Irregular menses, heavy menses), extract fresh juice of its leaves
and drink 5ml twice a day.

Mouth ulcer, gum problem, bad breath

Take the bark of Mahanimba (Melia azedarach) and boil in water. Add alum and gargle with this to cure
mouth ulcers.

Or boil leaves in water and use this as a mouth wash. This is very helpful in gingivitis.

Piles, bawaseer
Extract leaves juice (5 ml) and drinks thrice a day. Or

Take bark, cut in pieces and put in a container till night then filter and get filtrate. Take 10 ml twice in a
day for one month or take the bark of the plant, dry and make powder. Take 5 gm powder with old gur
twice a day for ten days.

Removal of internal parasites in Animals

About 25 -30 gm leaves of Melia azedarach is given to the animal once in a day up to 3 days for
removal of internal parasites. Excess quantity is poisonous.

Rheumatism, chronic syphilitic sores, indolent ulcers

The oil contains sulfur in organic combination and is useful in skin diseases and rheumatism.

Scabies, carbuncles and abscess, wounds

Leaves paste of Melia azedarach is used to cure wounds, scabies, carbuncles, and abscess.

Sciatica
Take roots bark (10 gm) and Nirgundi leaves (5-7) in water (400 ml) and prepare decoction till water
reduces to one fourth. Filter and drink twice a day.

Skin diseases, blood purification

1. Prepare a decoction of Bakayan bark (10 gm) in water (200 ml) till volume reduces to 50 ml.
Filter and drink twice a day.
2. The fruit paste is applied externally on skin allergy.
3. Leaf, seeds, bark, and root boiled in oil are applied for treating skin disease.
Vaginal and uterus infection
Boil leaves in water and washes private parts to cure the infection.

Visham jwar, Recurrent Fever, Malaria

For chronic fever, take bark (5 gm), Tulsi leaves (7) and boil in water (200 ml) till water reduces to one
fourth. Filter and drink twice a day. Or

Extract its leaves juice and take 5 ml twice a day for a week.

The Dosage of Melia azedarach

1. The recommended dosage of bark is 5-10 grams for decoction. 5 g leaf per 500 g water for is
used for parasites.
2. The powdered root can be used in a dose of 1-2 g.
3. The powdered fruits can be used in a dose of 1-2 g.
4. The seed powder can be used in a dose of 1-3 g.
Other Uses of Bakayan Tree
The beads (stones) are made into rosaries by the monks in the monasteries. They are worn as a necklace
to avert contagious diseases.

Leaves are lopped for fodder and are highly nutritious.

The wood resembles mahogany and is used to manufacture agricultural implements, furniture, plywood,
boxes, poles, tool handles. It is used in cabinet making and in construction because of its resistance to
termites.

Contraindications, Interactions, Side-effects, and

Warnings Melia azedarach
Please note, though the fruits, seeds are used for medicinal purpose in Ayurveda, it is advisable not to
eat the seeds. Caution is also required to use other parts of the tree.

Sushruta prescribed the fruits internally in indigestion, colic and intestinal catarrh. The seeds are also
given for urinary disorders. Seeds were taken with adjuvants like rice-water and Ghrita. In the case of
Piles, the seeds are given along with rock salt, the roots of Plumbago zeylanica, the seeds of
Holarrhena antidysenterica, barley divested of the husk, the seeds of Pongamia glabra (Dahar
Karanja).
The bark and young flowers are less toxic than the berries, and the fresh leaves are harmless.

7-8 seeds prove toxic for adults and for the children the dose is even lower. In certain parts of the world
poisoning in man and animals especially in hogs, due to the eating of the drupes has been reported.

The fruits are considered poisonous to both man and animals. A large amount can be toxic and
symptom of poisoning (loss of appetite, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, bloody feces, stomach pain)
appear a few hours after intake.
No specific chemical or pharmacological antidotes of the tree are known, hence Treatment the
treatment can only be symptomatic.
1. It is unsafe to use Bakayan in pregnancy. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
2. It promotes the onset of periods.
3. It may cause mouth burning, blood vomiting, production of abnormally small amounts of
urine, etc.
4. It exhibits antifertility effects in both men and women.
5. It reduces male fertility by decreasing the daily production of sperms and sperm motility.
The root bark or stem bark, oral intake reduces the chances of pregnancy in a woman by decreasing the
chances of implantation and resorption.
The stem bark and root bark may cause temporary side effects (human Melia azedarach poisoning) such
as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, pain in the abdomen, etc.
Overdose of root bark or stem bark may cause diarrhea, vomiting, pain in the abdomen, respiratory
paralysis, tachycardia (rapid heart rate), blue coloration of the lips, muscle weakness, ptosis (drooping
or falling of the upper eyelid), increased the liver enzymes, etc.
In the case of severe overdose, there can be gastrointestinal bleeding, jaundice, enlargement of the
spleen, increased the liver enzymes, hepatitis, respiratory and circulatory failure.
In the month of March and April, the tree produces milky secretion. During this time, ONLY the tender
leaves can be used for medicinal purpose.

Melia azedarach may cause skin allergy.

Oil must not be used internally.

IN AYURVEDA, THERE ARE MANY TOXIC PLANTS OF GREAT MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE

SUCH AS AAK, KANER, ATIVISH, DHATURA, RATTI, LANGLI, ETC.

BAKAIN IS ALSO A TOXIC PLANT AND NEED TO USED CAREFULLY FOR INTERNAL USE.
ALL THE ABOVE MENTIONED MEDICINAL USES ARE BASED ON AYURVEDA AND FOLK
USES.