50 Using This Manual

Abstract
This section summarizes the contents and explains the organization of this manual.
It includes abstracts of each section and a list of other Company manuals.
Section 1000 Quick Reference Guide) and the index at the end of the manual refer-
ence particular topics.
This manual is in two volumes:
Volume 1 includes Part I, Fire Prevention, and Part II, Fire Preparedness and
Control, as well as the appendices.
Volume 2 includes Part III, General Design Guidelines, and Part IV, Specific Facili-
ties. Volume 2 also contains industry codes and standards.

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Scope and Application

The Fire Protection Manual provides guidelines for fire prevention, preparedness,
and control. These guidelines include comprehensive background information
about most aspects of fire protection, general design guidelines, and guidelines for
specific facilities. The appendices contain reminder sheets, checklists, and fire
pump testing procedures.
This manual is written for both fire protection professionals and nonspecialists,
regardless of experience. This manual should not be used as a substitute for sound
engineering judgment.
The intent of this manual is to provide practical, useful information and theory
based on Company experience and established practices. Forms are provided in the
front of the manual for your convenience in suggesting changes. Your knowledge
and experience are important for improving subsequent printings and keeping this
manual up-to-date.

Organization
The colored tabs in the manual will help you find information quickly.
• White tabs are for table of contents, introduction, appendices, PC disks, index,
and general purpose topics.
• Blue tabs denote engineering guidelines.
• Gray tabs are for model specifications, industry standards, and standard drawings.
• Red tab marks a place to keep documents developed at your facility.

Engineering Guidelines
The following are abstracts of each section of this manual.

Volume 1

Part I — Fire Prevention

Section 100, Introduction to Fire Prevention
This section covers the Company's policy on fire protection and briefly discusses
the principles of combustion.

Section 200, Fire Prevention Through Operation

This section discusses operating practices, standards, regulations, and codes. It
discusses sources of ignition and their control.

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Section 300, Prevention Through Inspection and Maintenance

Inspection and maintenance activities must be integrated into the loss prevention
program. This section discusses elements of inspection and maintenance from the
fire protection view.

Part II — Fire Preparedness and Control

Section 400, Emergency Response Organization
Organization, clear definition of responsibilities, and prefire planning are key
elements of emergency response that are discussed in this section.

Section 500, Fire Training

This section addresses training requirements of OSHA 1910.120 (HAZWOPER)
and 1910.156 (Fire Brigades) as well as those appropriate for Company employees
responding to a fire emergency. Coordination of training with support personnel
and public fire departments is discussed.

Section 600, Fighting the Fire

This section covers basic fire fighting procedures for any fire, and especially
considers fire fighting for all types of fires likely to be encountered in petroleum
facilities.

Section 700, Fire Investigation and Report

This section discusses the general procedure for investigating a fire. Preparation of
the fire report is also discussed.
Appendix A Work Plans and Permits
Appendix B Fire Protection Checklist
Appendix C LPG Handling and Storage — Loss Prevention Checklist
Appendix D FIRE Computer Database System User Guide
Appendix E Fire Extinguisher and Equipment Inspection and Maintenance
Appendix F Fire Water System and Pump Testing
Appendix G Fire Protection Guidelines for New Projects
Appendix H Building Siting Assessments: Guidelines for API RP 752

Volume 2

Part III — General Design Guidelines

Section 1000, Quick Reference Guide
This section references basic Company and industry design guidelines related to
fire loss prevention.

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Section 1100, Basic Design Principles

This section introduces the general design concerns addressed in the design guide-
lines contained in Sections 1200 through 1300.

Section 1200, Fire and Explosion Consequence Analysis

This section covers risk analysis in general. It gives simple procedures for calcu-
lating radiant heat from a fire and pressure effects from an explosion. It also
discusses dispersion modeling in general terms.

Section 1300, Layout and Spacing

This section discusses the layout of plants and the use of facility and equipment
spacing in design to minimize the potential for fire to spread to adjacent facilities.
Figures 1300-1 and 1300-2 at the end of this section give spacing guidelines for
plant-to-plant and plant-to-equipment spacing.
This section primarily covers process plants. Layout and spacing requirements for
other types of facilities are covered in Sections 3100 to 4100. Drainage is discussed
in Section 1400. Location and protection of critical controls are discussed in
Section 1700. Tank spacing is discussed in the Tank Manual.

Section 1400, Drainage

Detailed information on drainage system design is included in the Civil and Struc-
tural Manual, Section 500. This section discusses the design considerations for
drainage systems related to fire protection. A well designed drainage system will:
• Contain spills, preferably in a closed system.
• Carry oil spills, rainwater and fire water to a safe location where the spill can
be retained and recovered.
• Minimize the spread and area of exposure from spills and fires in process plants,
tankfields, marketing terminals, chemical plants, production platforms, etc.
This section is primarily for process facilities. For drainage requirements specific to
other types of facilities, see Section 3100 to 4100. For drainage around tanks and in
tank fields, see the Tank Manual.

Section 1500, Electrical Classification

This section presents the basis for determining electrical area classification
(commonly called area classification) for locations that may become hazardous
because of flammable liquids, gases, or vapor. It includes definitions of classified
locations, along with guidelines to be used in determining the extent of area classifi-
cation required. This section should be used in conjunction with API RP 500 and
NFPA 30. The Electrical Manual, Section 300, can be used for guidance on the
selection of types of equipment suitable for use in specific area classifications.

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Section 1600, Fire Water System and Fire Fighting Equipment

This section provides fire water system design details and specifies fire fighting
equipment requirements. Preferred equipment locations and designs for various
facilities are also included.

Section 1700, Fireproofing

This section describes the relative merits, various types and properties of fire-
proofing materials. It gives guidance on how to determine what structures require
fireproofing and what materials are recommended, as well as recommended
suppliers and applicators. It also discusses the various types of fireproofed and fire
resistant systems for critical control systems.

Section 1800, Critical Instrumentation

This section discusses emergency isolation of equipment as a means of fire protec-
tion. More detailed design information on this subject is in the Instrumentation and
Control Manual, Section 1800.

Section 1900, Pressure Relief, Flares, Flame Arrestors

This section highlights pressure relief valve and flare system requirements from a
fire protection viewpoint, and addresses conditions that place high demand on
relieving devices. The Instrumentation and Control Manual, Section 1200 and API
RP 520 and 521 are the primary references on relief valve and relief system design.
This section also describes the operation of and applications for thermal, water seal,
and stream velocity flame arrestors.

Section 2000, Process Equipment

This section discusses fire safety design features and techniques for preventing and
controlling fires around process equipment. Included are:
• Pumps
• Compressors
• Internal combustion engines
• Tanks
• Columns and vessels
• Fired heaters and boilers
• Heat transfer equipment
• Piping
This section supplements the detailed design information given in the Corporation
manuals for each of these subject areas.

Section 2100, Buildings/Facilities Design

This section covers fire-safe construction, fixed fire protection systems, fire water
systems, and safe personnel ingress and egress for buildings. Spacing will be
discussed in general; however, detailed spacing is covered in Section 1300, Layout
and Spacing. Warehouse fire protection considerations are discussed in Section 3800.

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Section 2200, Computer and Digital Instrument Installations

This section outlines fire protection guidelines for new computer and digital instru-
ment facilities, such as electronic data processing facilities, computer rooms, and
digital instrument process control rooms. Existing facilities should be evaluated
individually to determine if changes to implement these guidelines are justified.
This section also gives guidance on the use of Halon in computer installations.
Section 1660 discusses the environmental concerns in using Halon.

Section 2300, Utilities

This section discusses fire protection considerations related to steam generation
facilities (boilers), electrical generation and supply, instrument air systems, and
utility connections. Refer to the Utilities Manual for more information on utility
system design. Section 1600 discusses fire water systems design.

Part IV — Specific Facilities

Section 3100, Offshore Producing and Drilling Facilities
This section establishes minimum fire protection and fire safety requirements for
manned and unmanned offshore facilities, and fixed and mobile drilling rigs and
vessels. Many of these requirements will also apply to single point moorings with
living quarters.
Fire prevention, rapid detection, and automatic and manual control of offshore
producing and drilling facilities during fire emergencies are emphasized. Because
of the confining nature of offshore facilities, well designed exposure protection and
complete evacuation facilities are warranted. Fire fighting facilities should be oper-
able with minimal manpower.

Section 3200, Onshore Drilling and Production Facilities

This section covers fire protection layout, design and installation, including mate-
rial selection and construction, for new onshore drilling and production facilities.
Also discussed is modification of existing facilities, with special attention to remote
and rural locations.

Section 3300, Marine Terminals And Marine Transportation

This guide presents design considerations and recommends fire protection systems
for marine terminal facilities. “Marine terminal” as used here is either an onshore or
offshore facility including, but not limited to, structures, equipment, and their appur-
tenances, used or capable of being used to transfer bulk cargo such as crude oil,
liquefied gases, petroleum products, and chemicals to or from a marine vessel.
Definitions and additional design and inspection guidance can be found in the refer-
ences listed in Section 3370. Criteria for coal and coke storage and handling are
addressed in the Fire Protection Manual, Section 4100.

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Section 3400, Process Plants

Sections 1100 through 2300 give design guidelines as they relate to fire protection.
In general, these guidelines are applicable and important to process plants. This
section covers refinery process plants, petrochemical plants, and gas processing
plants.

Section 3500, LPG Storage

This section covers storage of flammable liquified petroleum gases (LPG) with a
vapor pressure exceeding 40 psia at 100°F. Examples include propane, propylene,
normal butane, isobutane, and butylenes. These materials are stored as liquids, but
are gaseous at atmospheric temperatures and pressures. LPG is contained in either
pressure storage (spheres and pressure storage drums) or low pressure storage in
refrigerated dome roof tanks or spheroids.
These types of facilities shall be designed in accordance with Section 1100 of the
Piping Manual. Section 1100 supplements API Standard 2510, “Design and
Construction of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Installations,” and gives Company
recommendations that exceed the API Standard. Both API 2510 and API Publica-
tion 2510A, “Fire Protection Considerations for the Design and Operation of Liqui-
fied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage Facilities,” are included in the Piping Manual.
This section of the Fire Protection Manual gives the background associated with
some of the more significant fire protection aspects of these designs.

Section 3600, Loading Racks

This section covers the fire safety features of facilities designed for truck tank or
tank car loading of refined products, LPG and asphalt.
This section contains fire protection recommendations for warehouses and outside
storage areas. This section pertains to Company-owned warehouses and should be
considered when leasing warehouses.

Section 3700, Compressor and Pump Stations And Pipelines

This section presents design considerations and recommends fire protection for
land-based compressor and pump stations, pipelines, and terminals. Loading and
unloading facilities at marine terminals are covered in Sections 3300 and 3600. Fire
protection for pumps and compressors is covered in Section 2000. Section 3790 is a
fire protection checklist for reciprocating gas compressors.

Section 3800, Warehouses and Outside Storage

This section contains fire protection recommendations for warehouses and outside
storage areas. This section pertains to Company-owned warehouses and should be
considered when leasing warehouses.

Section 3900, Laboratories and Pilot Plants

This guide presents design considerations and recommends fire protection for labo-
ratories handling hydrocarbons and chemicals, laboratories handling radioactive

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materials, and pilot plants. Laboratories handling radioactive materials capable of

nuclear chain reaction are not discussed.

Section 4000, Aviation Facilities

This guide provides fire protection criteria for small hangar and heliport facilities
including helidecks on offshore platforms and drilling rigs. Fueling operations are
also included. Hangars that exceed 12,000 square feet (1115 sq m) are not covered
by this guide (see NFPA 409).

Section 4100, Mining and Dust Handling

This section gives a brief overview of the fire protection considerations required
when designing and maintaining mining and bulk handling facilities. For additional
information not covered in this section, contact your local Safety, Fire, and Health
Specialist or the Fire Protection Staff.

Other Company Manuals

The text sometimes refers to documents in other Company manuals. These docu-
ments carry the prefix of that manual. The prefixes and their referents are:
Prefix Company Manual
CIV Civil and Structural
CMP Compressor
COM Coatings
CPM Corrosion Prevention
DRI Driver
ELC Electrical
EXH Heat Exchanger and Cooling Tower
FFM Fluid Flow
HTR Fired Heater and Waste Heat Recovery
ICM Instrumentation and Control
IRM Insulation and Refractory
MAC General Machinery
NCM Noise Control
PIM Piping
PMP Pump
PPL Pipeline
PVM Pressure Vessel
TAM Tank
UTL Utilities
WEM Welding

[Revision Date] 50-8 Chevron Corporation