Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC

Outline TRC (TRaction Control system) Over-

view
Sometimes when the accelerator is
depressed too much while starting off or
accelerating on slippery surfaces, etc.,
the excessive torque that is generated
causes the drive wheels to slip, causing
the vehicle to loose the start-off/ acceler-
ation ability and the steering control. The
brake hydraulic pressure control of drive
wheel and the engine output control by
Turning the fuel cut-off control lower the motive
power when the accelerator pedal is
depressed. Thus the TRC ensures the
vehicle start-off/ acceleration ability and
steering control.
Starting-off

(1/1)

VSC (Vehicle Stability Control sys-

tem) Overview
While the ABS and TRC are mainly used
to stabilize brake operation and acceler-
ator operation during braking and accel-
eration, the VSC ensures the Ågsteering
and direction stabilityÅh of the vehicle.
Front wheel skid tendency Rear wheel skid tendency
The system detects sudden steering and
sideways slip on slippery surfaces and
Front wheel skid Rear wheel skid then provides optimum control of the
control moment control moment
braking for each wheel and the engine
Braking force power to attenuate front wheel skid and
Braking
force rear wheel skid.
Braking force
The brake control method (controlled
Braking force wheels) for the various wheels differs
Braking force depending on the model (FF, FR).

(1/1)

6. Combination meter Assy 7. Steering

General
9. Brake booster with precharge (Built-in warning light) angle sensor
function (Some models only.) 3. Speed sensor The TRC and VSC consist of the follow-
TRC OFF switch
ing components.
VSC warning 1. Skid Control ECU
buzzer
2. Brake actuator
3. Speed sensor
3. Speed sensor
4. Deceleration sensor
5. Stop light switch

5. Stop light switch

4. Deceleration
8. Yaw rate sensor
sensor 3. Speed sensor
1. Skid Control
ECU
3. Speed sensor
2. Brake actuator

©2003 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION. All right reserved.

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Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC

6. Combination meter
(1) Brake system warning light
Brake system
warning light ABS warning light
TRC OFF
indicator light
VSC warning
light (2) ABS warning light
(3) VSC warning light
This light turns on to warn the driver
when there is a malfunction in the
VSC or TRC.
(4) Slip indicator light
This light flashes to inform the driver
when the VSC or TRC operates.
(5) TRC OFF indicator light
The TRC operation is stopped when
the TRC OFF switch is ON, and the
Slip indicator light
light turns on.

7. Steering angle sensor

Steering angle sensor The steering angle sensor consists of
Photo interrupter
Front
a slotted disc, a microcomputer and
there photo interrupters (SS1, SS2
and SS3). The signals that are
detected by the SS1, SS2 and SS3
Slotted disk
photo interrupters are converted by
the microcomputer into serial signals
that are output to the ECU.
The ECU detects a neutral of the
Input of photo interrupter signal steering, rotational direction or steer-
Neutral position
ing angle by the combination of these
1.5 Counter clockwise Clockwise
signals.
ON
SS1
OFF

ON
SS2
OFF

ON
SS3
OFF
Neutral
No. Counter clockwise Clockwise
SS1 ON ON OFF OFF OFF ON OFF
SS2 OFF ON ON ON OFF OFF OFF
SS3 OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON ON

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Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC

8. Yaw rate sensor

Coriolis The yaw rate sensor is mounted on
force
the right side cross section of the
Side-to-side
movement
Coriolis force
cross member in the luggage com-
partment.
The yaw rate sensor uses a tuning-
fork shaped vibration type rate gyro.
Each resonator consists of a vibrat-
ing portion and a detecting portion
Detection that are shifted 90 degrees to form
Output
portion
voltage one unit. A piezoelectric ceramic
piece is affixed to both the vibration
Sensor portion (Image)
Resonator 2.5V and detection portions. The charac-
teristic of the piezoelectric ceramic
piece is to become distorted when
Yaw rate
Left turn Right turn voltage is applied to it, and to gener-
ate voltage when an external force is
applied to distort the ceramic piece.
To detect the yaw rate, alternating
current voltage is applied to the
vibration portion, which causes it to
vibrate. Then, the yaw rate is
detected from the detection portion
according to the amount and direc-
tion of distortion of the piezoelectric
ceramic piece, which is caused by
the coriolis force that is generated
around the resonator.

6. Combination meter Assy 7. Steering

9. Brake booster with precharge func-
9. Brake booster with precharge (Built-in warning light) angle sensor
3. Speed sensor
tion(Some models only.)
function (Some models only.)
This generates the operating hydrau-
TRC OFF switch lic pressure of the TRC and VSC.
VSC warning
buzzer

3. Speed sensor

5. Stop light switch

4. Deceleration
8. Yaw rate sensor
sensor 3. Speed sensor
1. Skid Control
ECU
3. Speed sensor
2. Brake actuator

(1/1)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC

Control Skid Control ECU

1. TRC control
System diagram
The hydraulic pressure that is gener-
Engine ECU ated by the pump is regulated by the
master cylinder cut solenoid valve to
Brake actuator the required pressure. Thus, the
Speed sensors Skid Control
ECU
wheel cylinder of the drive wheels is
Booster solenoid valve controlled in the following 3 modes:
pressure reduction, pressure holding,
Slip indicator light and pressure increase modes, to
restrain the slippage of the drive
Drive wheel Target control
wheels.
speed
Control start
speed
speed As shown in the bottom graph at left,
when the drive wheel speed begins
to surpass the control start speed,
Brake hydraulic
the brake hydraulic pressure is
Vehicle speed
pressure increased and the number of fuel cut
cylinders is increased. Therefore, it
reduces the drive wheel speed.
Number of fuel cut-off cylinder

Start of TRC control Time

(1/3)

System diagram
2. VSC control
The VSC, by way of solenoid valves,
Stop light switch Engine ECU
controls the hydraulic pressure that is
Speed sensor Brake actuator generated by the pump and applies it
Steering angle Slip indicator to the brake wheel cylinder of each
sensor Skid Control light wheel in the following 3 modes: pres-
ECU
Yaw rate sensor
VSC warning
light
sure reduction, pressure holding, and
Deceleration sensor VSC warning pressure increase modes. As a
buzzer result, the tendency to front wheel
Master cylinder
pressure sensor
Booster solenoid
valve skid or rear wheel skid is restrained.
Start of End of End of
Start of fuel brake brake fuel cut-off
cut-off control control control control

Sliding
amount

Number of 3
fuel cut-off 2
cylinder 1

Pivot of brake
hydraulic
pressure
control
Time

(2/3)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC

3. Diagnosis
: Light ON : Light OFF
• If the Skid Control ECU detects a
Item ABS EBD Brake TRC VSC
Skid
Control malfunction in the ABS with EBD,
Assist ECU BA, TRC, and VSC, the ABS, brake
ABS warning light system, VSC warning lights and TRC
Brake system warning light
OFF indicator light that corresponds
TRC OFF indicator light*
to the function in which the malfunc-
VSC warning light
* : without Pushing TRC OFF switch
tion has been detected indicates or
lights up, as indicated in the table at
C1272/72 ABS Code 72 the left, to alert the driver of the mal-
ON
function.
OFF At the same time, the DTCs (Diagno-
sis Trouble Codes) are stored in
DLC3 YES NO ENTER memory. The DTCs can be read by
TC
F1 F2 F3
HELP 1 2 3

connecting the hand-held tester to

F4 F5 F6
RCV 4 5 6
F7 F8 F9
SEND 7 8 9
F0 ON
EXIT 0 #
OFF

the DLC3 to communicate with the

DLC3 CG ECU directly or causing a short
between TC and CG terminals of the
DLC3 and observing the blinking pat-
tern of the ABS warning light and
VSC warning light.
• This system has a sensor signal
check function. The sensor signals
can be read by connecting the hand-
held tester to the DLC3 or causing a
short between TS and CG terminals
of the DLC3 and observing the blink-
ing pattern of the ABS warning light
and VSC warning light.
• For details on the DTCs that are
stored in Skid Control ECU memory
and the DTCs that are output through
the sensor check function, refer to
the Repair Manual.
HINT:
Yaw rate sensor and deceleration
sensor zero point calibration needs
to be performed after the battery ter-
minal is disconnected or the yaw rate
sensor or deceleration sensor are
replaced.
Refer to the Repair Manual for infor-
mation regarding the setting method.
(3/3)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC

Operation Brake Actuator

1. TRC operation (for pressure
Precharge solenoid valve increasing mode)
Master cylinder
When the accelerator is depressed,
the hydraulic pressure for each
ABS & VSC & TRC & BA brake actuator wheel cylinder is controlled to control
Master cylinder Master cylinder the drive wheel slip. At this time, in
pressure sensor pressure sensor
models with a precharge function,
the precharge solenoid valve oper-
Reservoir Reservoir
ates to also use the hydraulic pres-
M/C cut Intake Intake M/C cut sure from the master cylinder.
valve No.2 valve No.2 valve No.1 valve No.1
A linear solenoid valve is used for the
master cylinder cut solenoid valve.
The hydraulic pressure is linearly
controlled to smooth out hydraulic
Holding
valve
Holding
valve
Holding
valve
Holding
valve
pressure fluctuations by adjusting the
amount of current flowing in the sole-
Pump
(ON) noid valve as controlled by the ECU.

Reduction Reduction Reduction Reduction

valve valve valve valve

Reservoir

Front left Rear right Rear left Front right

(1/2)

2. VSC operation
Precharge solenoid valve The VSC controls the brake hydraulic
Master cylinder
pressure by controlling the transmis-
sion to each wheel cylinder of the
ABS & VSC & TRC & BA brake actuator hydraulic pressure generated by the
Master cylinder Master cylinder pump inside the brake actuator to
pressure sensor pressure sensor
control the front wheel skid or rear
wheel skid. At this time, in models
Reservoir Reservoir
with a precharge function, the pre-
M/C cut Intake Intake M/C cut charge solenoid valve operates to
valve No.2 valve No.2 valve No.1 valve No.1
also use the hydraulic pressure from
the master cylinder.

Holding Holding Holding Holding

valve valve valve valve

Pump
(OFF)

Reduction Reduction Reduction Reduction

valve valve valve valve

Reservoir

Front left Rear right Rear left Front right

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Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC

(1) During front wheel skid suppression control

(1) During front wheel skid suppression
Precharge solenoid valve control
Master cylinder
When turning right, the front wheel
skid suppression control operates
ABS & VSC & TRC & BA brake actuator
the right and left front wheel brakes
Master cylinder Master cylinder and the brake of the inner rear wheel.
pressure sensor pressure sensor The brake control method (controlled
wheels) for the various wheels differs
Reservoir Reservoir depending on the model (FF, FR).
M/C cut Intake Intake M/C cut
valve No.2 valve No.2 valve No.1 valve No.1

Holding Holding Holding Holding

valve valve valve valve

Pump
(ON)

Reduction Reduction Reduction Reduction

valve valve valve valve

Reservoir

Front left Rear right Rear left Front right

(2) During rear wheel skid suppression control

(2) During rear wheel skid suppression
Precharge solenoid valve control
Master cylinder
When turning right, the rear wheel
skid suppression control operates
the brakes of the outbound front
ABS & VSC & TRC & BA brake actuator
Master cylinder Master cylinder wheel and, if necessary, the outer
pressure sensor pressure sensor rear wheel.
The brake control method (controlled
Reservoir Reservoir wheels) for the various wheels differs
M/C cut Intake Intake M/C cut
depending on the model (FF, FR).
valve No.2 valve No.2 valve No.1 valve No.1

Holding Holding Holding Holding

valve valve valve valve

Pump
(ON)

Reduction Reduction Reduction Reduction

valve valve valve valve

Reservoir

Front left Rear right Rear left Front right

(2/2)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC

Hydraulic Brake Booster General & Construction

Master cylinder pressure sensor
Accumulator
Reservoir tank
Brake fluid level
warning switch
Pump & pump motor
Accumulator
Master cylinder & brake
actuator portion
Pessure switch PH/PL
Relief valve
While a regular brake booster uses the
engine vacuum to generate a large
hydraulic pressure, the hydraulic brake
booster is a device that uses a pump
motor to generate a large hydraulic pres-
sure to reduce the required brake
depression force.
The hydraulic brake booster consists of
the master cylinder, brake actuator, res-
ervoir tank, pump, pump motor, and
accumulator. To inspect the reservoir
fluid level, turn the ignition switch to OFF
and release the pressure in the power
supply system.
HINT:
When a pressure in power supply
system is released, reaction force
becomes heavy and stroke becomes
shorter.

Pump & pump motor

(1/2)

The master cylinder & brake booster

consists of a brake booster portion, mas-
ter cylinder portion, and regulator por-
tion. These are positioned coaxially to
achieve a simple and compact construc-
tion.
• The brake booster portion consists of
Spool valve Master cylinder piston
Return spring an operation rod, power piston and
Reaction rod Regulator piston Booster chamber booster chamber.
Center valve Power piston
Rubber
reaction
• The master cylinder portion consists
disc of a master cylinder piston, return
spring and center valve.
• The regulator portion consists of a
Operation rod
regulator piston, return spring, spool
Return spring
valve, reaction rod, and rubber reac-
Regulator portion Master cylinder Brake booster tion disc.
portion portion

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Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC

Hydraulic Circuit
Reservoir tank
Accumulator

Pump & pump motor

Pressure
relief
valve PL PH

Pressure switches

Regulator
Master cylinder
pressure sensor
STR SA3 SA1 SA2
Switching
solenoid
valves

SHRR SHRL SHFR SHFL

Control
solenoid
valves

SRRR SRRL SRFR SRFL

Rear right Rear left Front right Front left

(2/2)

Operation
1. Pressure increase (Low pressure)
(1) The pedal operation force transmits
to Reservoir from Accumulator Master cylinder piston as follows: Operation Rod --> Power
Port "A"
(2)
Port "B"
Regulator valve
Piston --> Master Cylinder Piston

Rubber
(3) (2) (3)
(3)
(2) The load setting of the master cylin-
Operation rod
reaction der's return spring is higher than that
disc
(2) (1) (1) of the regulator piston's return spring,
the regulator piston gets pushed
(3) (3) (4) (4) (4) before the volume in the master cyl-
Power piston
Spool valve (4) (4) inder becomes compressed.
Booster chamber
to Rear brake to Front brake
Reaction rod (3) The spool valve closes the port "A"
(between the reservoir tank and
booster chamber) and opens the port
"B" (between the reservoir tank and
accumulator). Then, the pressurized
brake fluid is introduced into the
booster chamber to provide a power
assist to the pedal effort.
(1/4)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC

(4) This time, the power assist over-

comes the force of the master cylin-
der's return spring. This causes the
volume in the master cylinder to
to Reservoir from Accumulator Master cylinder piston become compressed and increased
(2) Regulator valve
Port "A" Port "B" the pressure that is applied to the
(3) (2) (3) front brakes. At the same time, the
Rubber (3)
reaction
Operation rod
pressure in the booster chamber
disc
(2) (1) (1) increases the pressure that is applied
to the rear brakes.
(3) (3) (4) (4) (4) During the initial stage of the brake
Spool valve
Power piston operation, the booster pressure that
(4) (4)
to Rear brake to Front brake
Booster chamber is applied to the rubber reaction disc
Reaction rod
is small.
Therefore, a return force in the right-
ward direction does not apply to the
spool valve via the reaction rod.

(2/4)

2. Pressure increase (High pressure)

In contrast to the time when the pres-
sure is low, when the pressure is
high, the booster pressure that is
from Accumulator Master cylinder piston
Regulator valve
applied to the rubber reaction disc
increases. Accordingly, the rubber
reaction disc deforms and causes a
Rubber Operation rod
reaction return force in the rightward direction
disc
to be applied to the spool valve via
the reaction rod.
Therefore, in contrast to the time
Spool valve Booster pressure when the pressure is low, a greater
to Rear brake to Front brake reaction force is transmitted to the
Reaction rod
brake pedal. As a result, a variable
servo mechanism is realized, in
which the servo ratio is lower during
high pressure than during low pres-
sure.
(3/4)

3. Holding
This is a state in which the force that
is applied via the brake pedal and the
master cylinder pressure are in bal-
Port "A" Port "B" Master cylinder piston ance.
Regulator valve The forces that are applied to the
front and the rear of the regulator pis-
Rubber Operation rod
reaction ton, in other words, forces that are
disc
generated by the master cylinder
Reaction pressure and the regulator pressure
rod
become balanced. This causes the
Spool valve
spool valve to close both port "B"
Master cylinder pressure
from the booster chamber to the
Regulator
pressure accumulator and port "A" to the res-
ervoir. As a result, the brake is in the
holding state.

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Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC

4. Pressure reduce
When the pressure that is applied to
the brake pedal is relaxed, the mas-
ter cylinder pressure decreases.
Port "A" Master cylinder piston Then, the regulator piston's return
to Reservoir Regulator valve (rightward) force becomes relatively
greater, causing the regulator piston
Rubber Operation rod
reaction to retract and the spool valve to also
disc
retract. As a result, the port "A"
Reaction between the reservoir tank and the
rod
booster chamber opens.
Spool valve
The booster pressure becomes
Master cylinder pressure
reduced in this state, creating a bal-
ance that corresponds to the force
that is newly applied via the brake
pedal. This process is performed
repetitively to reduce the booster
pressure and the master cylinder
pressure in accordance with the
force that is applied via the brake
pedal.

5. During power supply malfunction

If the accumulator pressure is
affected by any malfunction, no
Accumulator pressure hydraulic pressure will be supplied to
the booster chamber. For this rea-
Regulator valve
son, a power assist cannot be pro-
vided to the force that is applied via
Rubber
reaction
Operation rod
the brake pedal and the pressure to
disc
the rear brakes cannot be increased.
However, the pressure to the front
brakes will be increased at the mas-
Spool valve
Power piston ter cylinder piston in accordance with
to Front brake
the pedal effort applied to the brake
Reaction rod
Master cylinder piston pedal.

(4/4)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC

Exercise

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Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC
Question- 1
Mark each of the statements True or False.

No. Question True or False Correct Answers

The TRC (TRaction Control system) performs the brake hydraulic

1 control and engine output control when releasing the accelerator True False
pedal.

The VSC (Vehicle Stability Control system) detects the vehicle side-
2 way slip and performs the brake hydraulic control and engine output True False
control.

The hydraulic brake booster is a system to generate the hydraulic

3 pressure by use of atmospheric pressure and lighten the force to True False
depress the brake.

The TRC controls the braking force of drive wheels when depress-
4 ing the accelerator pedal and ensures the vehicle start-off/accelera- True False
tion ability or steering control.

Question- 2
The following illustration shows the construction parts of the TRC and VSC. From the following word group, select
the appropriate one that correspond to 1 to 5.

Brake booster with precharge 3 4

function (Some models only.) 1
TRC OFF switch
VSC warning
buzzer

1
Stop light switch

5
Skid Control
ECU 2 1

a) Brake actuator b) Speed sensor c) Yaw rate sensor and deceleration sensor d) Combination meter ASSY
e) Steering angle sensor

Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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Diagnosis Technicain - Brake TRC and VSC
Question- 3
The following statements pertain to the VSC control. Select the statement that is True.

1. To prevent the sideway slip, each control starts before the sideway slip starts.

2. When the sideway slip starts, the fuel cut control and brake hydraulic control are performed at the same
time.

3. The fuel cut control starts earlier than the brake hydraulic control.

4. Strength of the brake hydraulic control is in inverse proportion to the sideway slip extent.

Start of End of End of

Start of fuel brake brake fuel cut-off
cut-off control control control control

Sliding
amount

Number of 3
fuel cut-off 2
cylinder 1

Pivot of brake
hydraulic
pressure
control
Time

Question- 4
Select the appropriate warning light to turn on when the TRC malfunctions.

1. ABS warning light and Brake system warning light

2. TRC OFF indicator light and VSC warning light

3. ABS warning light and VSC warning light

4. Brake system warning light and TRC OFF indicator light

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