NANOTECHNOLOGY
- part of science and technology about the control
of matter on the atomic and molecular scale.
- the current culmination of development in
scientific research
•Nanomaterials
- very small
>size: 1 nm= 10-9 m (100 times smaller than
width of human hair)
-nanomaterials are naturally occurring that can be
found in:
 volcanic ash
 oceans spray
 fine sand & dust
•Nanostructures
- naturally occurring nanostructures are present in
plants and animals.
Example: nanostructures in insect eyes to ensure
anti-reflection ad water repelling effect
- scientist can create nanostructure through
rearranging the atoms of object, making new
nanomaterials with new properties.
Example: materials that are stronger, lighter or
different in color.
Food Nanotechnology
- researchers are working with nanotechnologist to
create novel products that may benefit to health
and diet.
>Nano-silver – has an anti-bacterial property used
in food contact material such as:
 Cutting boards
>Food supplements – contain nano sized carrier
that increase the absorption of nutrients.
 Nano sensors can be incorporated into
packaging to monitor the quality and shelf
life of food from manufacturers to
consumers
– can make food ingredients
tastier or healthier.
 In the EU, engineered nano materials in food
requires safety assessment of the ff:
•Physicochemical Characterization
•Hazard Identification
•Hazard Characterization
•Exposure Assessment
•Risk Characterization
- nanotechnology, like many scientific advances,
brings uncertainty and potential risks. It is up to
scientists, business and governments to make it
work.
Nanotechnology and Society
- nanotechnologies may contribute to major
changes in global economy, workforce and way of
living.
- applications range from new electronic devices
from new electronic devices and the means to
fabricate them to materials for health and
environmental uses.
- Some nanotech products are already on the
market while others are decades away from
realization outside the lab.
- new nanotechnologies pose many uncertainties
for society.
- risks that may accompany their use are
largely unknown and their potential social
and economic effects raise questions
regarding equity and fairness, many of
which are difficult to anticipate.
Everyday Applications of Nanotechnology
- Nanotechnology has numerous applications in
everyday life, ranging from consumer goods to
medicine to improving the environment.
 Medicine
- involves employing nanoparticles to deliver
drugs, heat, light or other substances to
specific types of cells, such as cancer cells.
- particles are engineered so that they are
attracted to diseased cells, which allow
direct treatment of those cells.
 This technique reduces damage to
healthy cells in the body and allows
for earlier detection of disease.
 Electronics
- Nano electronics – holds some answers
on expanding the capabilities of electronics
devices while reducing their weight and
power consumption.
These include:
 improving display screens on
electronics devices
  increasing the density of memory
chips.
- Nanotechnology can also reduce the size
of transistors used in integrated circuits.
- One researcher believes it may be
possible to put the power of all of today’s
present computers in the palm of your
hand.
 Environment
- Nanotechnology is being used in
several applications to improve the
environment.
These include:
1) cleaning up organic chemicals
polluting groundwater.
 Iron nanoparticles can be
effective in cleaning up
organic solvents that are
polluting groundwater.
2) improving manufacturing
methods to reduce the
generation of new pollution
 Epoxy containing carbon
nanotubes used to make
windmill blades.
(stronger blades and lower
weight generates a great
amount of electricity by
each windmill)
3) producing solar cells that
generate electricity at a
competitive cost.
 array silicon nanowires
embedded in a polymer
results in low-cost but high-
efficiency solar cells that
generate electricity as cost
effectively as coal or oil.
 Consumer Products
- Nanotechnology has already found its
way into numerous consumer products
that are used every day.
These include:
 silver nanoparticles in fabric
that kill bacteria making clothing
odor-resistant.
 skin care products that use
nanoparticles to deliver vitamins
deeper into the skin.
 lithium ion batteries that use
nanoparticle-based electrodes
powering plug-in electric cars.
 flame retardant formed by
coating the foam used in
furniture with carbon nanofibers.
 Sporting Goods
- Current nanotechnology applications in the
sports arena include:
 increasing the strength of tennis
racquets by adding nanotubes to the
frames which increases control and
power.
 filling any imperfections in golf club
shaft materials with nanoparticles
which improves the uniformity of the
material, thereby improving your
swing.
 reducing the rate at which air leaks
from tennis balls so they keep their
bounce longer.
Nanotechnology Jobs
 Applications Engineer.
 Director of Product Marketing.
 Director of Research.
 Holography and Optics Technician.
 Manufacturing Engineer.
 Market Development Manager.
 Mechanical Engineer.
 Optical Assembly Technician.
Impacts of Nanotechnology
1) Faster, smaller, and more powerful computers
that consume far less power, with longer-
lasting batteries.
 Circuits made from carbon nanotubes
could be vital in maintaining the growth of
computer power, allowing Moore's Law to
continue.
2) Faster, more functional, and more accurate
medical diagnostic equipment.
 Lab-on-a-chip technology enables point-
of-care testing in real time, which speeds
up delivery of medical care.
 Nanomaterial surfaces on implants
improve wear and resist infection.
3) Nanoparticles in pharmaceutical products
improve their absorption within the body and
 make them easier to deliver, often through
combination medical devices.
 Nanoparticles can also be used to
deliver chemotherapy drugs to specific
cells, such as cancer cells.
4) Improved vehicle fuel efficiency and corrosion
resistance by building vehicle parts
from nanocomposite materials –lighter,
stronger, and more chemically resistant than
metal.
 Nanofilters remove nearly all airborne
particles from the air before it reaches
the combustion chamber, further
improving gas mileage.
5) Nanoparticles or nanofibers in fabrics can
enhance stain resistance, water resistance,
and flame resistance, without a significant
increase in weight, thickness, or stiffness of the
fabric.
Example: “nano-whiskers” on pants make
them resistant to water and stains.
Nanotechnology Products
 Nano silver socks
- one of the most widespread
nanotechnology products available.
- just like normal socks except that they
have silver nanoparticles embedded in
their threads.
- the nanoparticles act as an antibiotic
agent, killing bacteria and fungus on the
wearer’s feet.
 Lab-on-a-chip
- A number of researchers are currently
working to develop what they call a “lab-
on-a-chip.”
- These small devices will be able to take
one of your body fluids (like blood or
saliva) and analyze it to determine whether
you are likely to develop specific diseases
or health conditions, without ever visiting a
doctor.
- Such daily monitoring might help to find
future conditions very early and perhaps
make treatments more successful.
- Some of these devices are currently
available, but scientists are working to make
even smaller designs that can screen for
many more diseases with a faster response
time.
 Mini-drones
 a major push in nanotechnology to create
electronic devices that are even smaller
and more powerful than those we have
today.
 One of the proposed benefits of such
scaling down is the possibility of building
incredibly tiny drones that could fly almost
undetected through the air and collect data
(including images) of people and places
without their knowledge.
 This research is motivated by a desire to
decrease the chances and impacts of
terrorist attacks, but surveillance
technologies are currently being employed
by many people outside of the military as
well.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Republic of the Philippines
 An archipelago comprising of 7,107 islands
Total land area: 300, 000 square km
Overall population: 98.9 million people
Nanotechnology can help provide some solutions:
 energy
 health
 environment
 agricultural productivity
ITDI Divisional Buildings at DOST compound
 Materials Science & Food Processing
 Environment & Biotechnology
 National metrology Laboratory, OD, ODD,
PMISD, FMD, ADM
 Chemicals & Energy
 Standards and Testing
 Packaging Technology
 Technological Services
 Information & Documentation (TSD)
Research & Development Priority Programs
Socio-Economic Sectors – increased productivity
and produced globally competitive products &
services
 Environment & natural resources
 Alternative energy
  Biotech  Nanotungsten carbide as tooling for
 Agriculture & food IC fabrication
 Health  Lead-free solder paste with carbon
 Nanotechnology nanotube for IC packaging
 Manufacturing & Production  CNT doped boron nitride nanotube
for optical light source
Nanotech Facilities and Equipment in the  Epoxy multiwalled carbon nanotube
Philippines for IC encapsulation
 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) - Health and Biomedical
 UP-NIC  PVA-chitosan nanofibrous
 UP-NEC membrane for drug delivery
 DLSU 3) DLSU
 ITDI-DOST  Synthesis of nanomaterials
 MIRDC-DOST - SnO nanocarbons/nanowires/nanobelts
 Transmission Electron Microscope
(TEM) 4) UPLB
 UP-NEC  Synthesis of nanomaterials
 NKI - ZnO nanowires
 St. Luke’s Hospital - Polymer nanofibers
 Makati Medical Center
 RITM 5) UPD
 Atomic force Microscope  Synthesis of nanomaterials
 UPD - ZnO nanowires
 ADMU - Polymer nanofibers
 Molecular Beam Epitaxy - GaAs nanowires
 UP-NIP - InAs quantum dots
 X-Ray Diffraction - Carbon nanofibers
 UP-NIP
 UP-NIGS
 Bureau of Mines & Geosciences  Nanotechnology application
 DLSU - ICT and Semi-conductors
 ITDI-DOST  Thermal interface material with
 Raman, FTIR, Optical emission nanoclay for IC packaging
characterization  GaAs based quantum well
 UP-NIP devices for RF application
 ITDI-DOST - Health and Biomedical
 Nanoparticle size analyzer  Carbon nanotubes for cancer
 ITDI-DOST diagnosis detection
 Surface area analyzer
 ITDI-DOST
Some Nanotechnology R&D in the Philippines
1) UST 6) ITDI-DOST
 Nanotechnology Application  Synthesis of nanomaterials
- Environment
- nanoclay
 nanosensors
2) MAPUA - alumina powder
 Synthesis of nanomaterials - magnetic nanoparticles (Fe)
- Carbon nanofibers - ZnO nanopowder
 Nanocomposites  Nanocomposites
- Natural rubber nanoclay - Polycarbonate nanoclay
 Nanotechnology Application - Thermoplastic elastomer
- ICT and Semis-conductors nanographite
 Aluminum carbon nanotube for - PET carbon nanotubes
heat sinks in microprocessor - Polycarbonate carbon nanotubes
 - Thermoplastic carbon nanotube
nanographite
- Epoxy halloysite nanotubes
 Nanotechnology application
- ICT and Semi-conductors
 PCB subtrate from recycled
polycarbonate and nanoclay
- Health and biomedical
 Nanofibrous membrane for
tissue engineering
 Load bearing Hap-Alumina
biocomposite
- Environment
 PMMA-nanoclay nanofibrous
membrane for waste treatment
 Chitosan biosorbent and
membrane for industrial
application
ITDI-DOST & Academe Research Initiatives
on Nanotechnology
 Nanoclay – is the commercial name for
organo-montmorillonite
 processed from local bentonite ore
 filler in POLYMER Nanocomposites
 Halloysite nanotube
 Nanofibrous scaffold for tissue
engineering
 Nanocomposite circuit boards
 Bio-nanocomposite packaging films
 Nano-filled solder paste for integrated
circuits
 Recycled polycarbonate-nanoclay
pellets
 Aluminum-nanotube heat sinks
 Nanofibers for waste water treatment
 Nanostructured solar cell
 Nanocomposite semi-biodegradable
cutleries
 Rubber-silicate nanocomposites
Nanotechnology Product from the
Philippines
 Atovi – a Filipino-invented product based
on molecular alteration, nuclear reaction
and nanotechnology. It is a feed premix
powder made from vitamins and minerals.
- It has no medication and nutritional value
due to molecular alteration with
revolutionary effects on the physiology and
immune system of livestock.
 Biodegradable Nanocomposite Pellets and
Films for Green Packaging
- Biodegradable Nanocomposite pellets
- Nano-biodegradable calendered films
- Nano-biodegradable film blowing
 Silver-Filled Epoxy (SFE)/Halloysite
Nanotube (HNT) Nanocomposites as Die
Attach Material in Semiconductor Devices
- Assembly structure of a plastic package
semiconductor device
- Halloysite nanotubes
- TO247 Package (power amplifier/power
switching application)
Nanomaterials in Electronics Components
 Nanomaterials have been used for many
centuries in a wide variety of applications.
 The electronics components industry
currently employs nanomaterials in many
products.
 Nanomaterials are ideally suited to provide
solutions for the continuing demands for
smaller, more and cost effective solutions.
 Combining nanomaterials with advanced
processing and fabrication techniques will
open doors to new smaller, smarter, higher
performing products.
Significant Market Opportunity
 National Science Foundation forecasts $1
trillion worth of nanotechnology-enabled
products on the market by 2015.
Future Market Opportunities of
Nanocomposites
 Agricultural Chemical – $135 billion
 Personal Products – $303 billion
 Aerospace – $320 billion
 Construction – $24 billion
 Cleaning Products – $24 billion
 Automotive – $510 billion
 Electronics – $170 billion
 Industrial – $460 billion
National Center for Advanced Materials
Characterization
 The expected outcome and impact to be
realized following the establishment of the
center:

1) Improved product quality and services

and enhanced productivity
2) Increased number of products and
innovative technologies
3) Increased number of R&D and S&T
services
4) Developed capability on new and
advanced technologies particularly on
nanotechnology

Advanced Characterization Tools

 Electron Microscopy Tools
- FESEM with FIB
- AFM
- TEM with CCD, EDX, EELS8 and STEM
 Surface Analysis Techniques
- AES
- TOF-SIMS
- XPS

The Philippines’ 5-year Nanotechnology

Roadmap

Four major programs:

1) Nano-based technologies and materials
 Nano-based technologies/materials for
Environment: Water and Waste Water
Purification, & Nano-based Engineering
/ Industrial materials

2) Nanosensors and nanodiagnostics

 Food (detection of contaminants),
Agriculture and Forestry (detection of
deseases), and health (Filipino
ethnicity-based nanodiagnostics)

3) Nanometrology for ICT and

semiconductor
 Fully operational metrology and FA and
materials testing laboratory

4) Nanostructured Solar Energy Devices

and Storage
 National Solar Cell R&D Testing
Facility, new design and new
methodologies for energy storage
devices, and scaling up processes of
nanostructured solar and energy
storage devices.