TEXT INFORMATION AND MEDIA

TEXT-text is any piece of writing. alphanumeric characters and logograms are example of text
TEXT INFORMATION-information that is communicated through text. Examples: signs, books, menus,
etc.

TEXT MEDIUM- A vessel that communicates text information to a receiver; The most common media
are books, cellphones, and computers.

FOUR TYPES OF TEXT

1. DESCRIPTVE TEXT –

• This is a text that aims to have the reader picture or imagine what is being described
• A text which say what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular
person, place, or thing.

•
Example: Novels, News, etc.
2. INFORMATIVE TEXT-
• Based on its root word “inform”, informative text’s primary purpose is to advise or tell a reader
about something.

• Nonfiction writing, written with the intention of informing the reader about a specific topic.

• It is typically found in Magazines, Science or history books, Autobiographies and Instruction

manuals.

3.INSTRUCTIVE TEXT-
• This instructs or tells a reader how to do something.

• Examples; cookbook, manuals, etc.

4.PERSUASIVE TEXT-
• This is a text that seeks to persuade a reader to believe in or to do something

• Example; Editorial

SELECTION CRITERIA:
1.RELEVANCE- Having a bearing on or connection with the matter. The condition of being relevant, or
connected with the matter at hand.

2.TRIANGULATION- Triangulation involves using multiple data sources in an investigation to produce

understanding.

3.POINT OF VIEW- Does the information sound biased? Does the analysis come from only one
perspective?

4.MEDIUM USED- The medium used in delivering information is a vital indicator of whether the source
is to be trusted or not.

5. AUDIENCE- Who was the information written for?

6. WRITING STYLE- is much like any other type of style in that it helps us express who we are. It is how
the writer chooses to express himself or herself through writing.

PRODUCING TEXT INFORMATION

PATTERSON (2002,2015)
16 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN THAT PRODUCER MUST KEEP IN MIND
• FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES
a) DEFINING THE PROBLEM
 b) PROVIDING STRUCTURES

c) PROVIDING CLARITY

d) PROVIDING EMPHASIS

e) PROVIDING SIMPLICITY

f) PROVIDING UNITY

• ADMINISTRATIVE PRINCIPLES
a) INFORMATION ACCESS

b) INFORMATION COSTS

c) INFORMATION ETHICS

d) SECURING QUALITY

• AESTHETIC PRINCIPLES
a) HARMONY

b) AESTHETIC PROPORTION

• COGNITIVES PRINCIPLES
a) FACILTATING ATTENTION

b) FACILTATING PERCEPTION

c) FACILTATING PROCESSING

d) FACILTATING MEMORY

PROVIDING STRUCTURE AND SIMPILCITY

INTERNAL TEXTUAL STRUCTURE

• The “techniques used to organize sequence, and provide an internal framework for helping
readers to understand a prose content”

• RONIE LIPTON (2007): Advise that it is important to arrange information from the most
important to the least important.

FIVE STRUCTURES YOU CAN USE IN PRODUCING TEXT INFOMATION

1.SEQUENCE
• Steps, Specific order.
2.PROBLEM AND SOLUTION
• Problem which is solved
3.COMPARE AND CONTRAST
• Comparing how things are the same/different
4.DESCRIPTION
• Details
5.CAUSE AND EFFECT
• Something causes something else to happen
EXTERNAL USED STRUCTURE
1. LEGIBILITY—Good typography has strong contrast and distinctive patterns, which makes the
text legible to read.

• Horton and Lynch- said that typography is the tool a person use to “paint” patterns
of organization on a page. They also stated that the first thing a reader sees in text is
the overall pattern.

• Alignment and space- this involves the use of margins and spacing that provide
visual relief and delineation from text blocks. ex. Justified, center, right-justified. And
left-justified text.

• Justified text – is set flush with both side margins usually done in
symmetrical and formal documents.

• Centered and Right-justified text - the most difficult to read alignment.

• Left-justified text – the most legible alignment among the four. It supports
anchoring in the left margin and does not compromise the text for a
symmetrical look unlike the justified text

• Line length- The eye span of acute focus is only three to four inches wide. A long line
may cause reader to lose track of the next line.

• Type color – This pertains to the font manipulation, line spacing, and paragraph
organization. It involves kerning, tracking or letterspacing, and more.

2. EMPHASIS- it is significant to put emphasis to terms or words that need to be highlighted.

Several ways to emphasis text.

• Italics

• Boldface

• Underline

• Color

• Capitals

GENERAL TIPS THAT YOU SHOULD OBSERVED IN WRITING TEXT INFORMATION.

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

• Make use of adjectives and adverbs.

• Use comparisons or idioms to aid the reader in picturing the scene.
• Employ the reader’s five senses.
INFORMATIVE TEXT
• Avoid repetition.
• Present facts.
• Give information.
INSTRUCTIVE TEXT
• Use active voice.
• Keep your language direct and avoid unnecessary words.
• Use number or bulleted points
• If possible, attach diagrams, drawings, or pictures for better comprehensions.
PERSUASIVE TEXT
• Subtly repeat important notes.
• Use imposing formats (capital letters, boldfaced, font size for titles, exclamation marks, etc)
• Use rhetorical questions.
• Present a persuasive one-sided argument.
• In most cases, humor is encouraged.