Operation and Maintenance Manual: City of Moses Lake

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CITY OF MOSES LAKE

DUNES WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
VOLUME 1
WILSON ENGINEERING, L.L.C.
Consulting Engineers
805 Dupont Street, Suite 7
Bellingham, Washington 98225
www.wilsonengineering.com
April 2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME 1 - OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................7
PURPOSE OF TREATMENT PLANT ................................................................................................................................ 7
BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
NEW PLANT ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
GUIDE TO USE OF THIS MANUAL ................................................................................................................................ 8
COLLECTION SYSTEM AND PUMP STATION ..................................................................................................9
COLLECTION SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................................9
GRIT BASIN/SKIMMER EFFLUENT PUMP STATION ......................................................................................................9
Purpose and Intent.................................................................................................................................................9
Description ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
Operation ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
Standard Pump Station Operating Procedures ................................................................................................... 11
Start-Up Procedures ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Shut-Down Procedures ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................................................... 12
Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
Gravity Line Blockage ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
Pump Station Maintenance ................................................................................................................................................ 14
Safety ................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Manholes and Pump Stations............................................................................................................................................. 14
SAND DUNES WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT .................................................................................... 17
(DUNES WWTP) ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................ 17
GRIT REMOVAL & MECHANICAL SCREENING .......................................................................................................... 17
Operation ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
Hycor Helisieve Unit ......................................................................................................................................................... 18
Return Activated Sludge .................................................................................................................................................... 18
Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
Safety ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
BIOLAC WAVE OXIDATION TREATMENT PROCESS ................................................................................................... 19
Operation ............................................................................................................................................................. 20
Process Description ........................................................................................................................................................... 20
Wave Oxidation ................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Process Equipment ............................................................................................................................................................ 21
Aeration Basin............................................................................................................................................................... 21
Integral Clarifier ............................................................................................................................................................ 21
Process Design................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Aeration Basin Design ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
Clarification ......................................................................................................................................................... 24
Clarifier Design (2 Clarifiers): ........................................................................................................................................... 24
Process Control .................................................................................................................................................................. 25
General .......................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Process Control Variables.................................................................................................................................................. 25
Solids Level Calculations .............................................................................................................................................. 26
Sludge Wasting ............................................................................................................................................................. 27
2
Operational Effects of Sludge Wasting/Return ............................................................................................................. 28
Sludge Wastage Valves ................................................................................................................................................. 31
OPERATING PROBLEMS ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Biolac Basin Appearance .................................................................................................................................... 32
Mixed Liquor Color ............................................................................................................................................. 32
Fresh Crisp White Foam ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Excessive Billowing White Foam ......................................................................................................................... 33
Thick Scummy Dark Tan Foam ........................................................................................................................... 33
Integral Clarifier Appearance ............................................................................................................................. 33
Sludge Bulking ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
Clumping, Ashing and Rising Sludge .................................................................................................................. 35
Sludge Solids Washout ......................................................................................................................................... 36
Deflocculation ..................................................................................................................................................... 36
Pin Floc ............................................................................................................................................................... 36
Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................................ 37
Safety ................................................................................................................................................................... 38
BLOWER ROOM – CONTROL BUILDING .................................................................................................................... 38
BLOWERS ................................................................................................................................................................. 39
Operation ............................................................................................................................................................. 39
Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................................ 39
Safety ................................................................................................................................................................... 40
ELECTRICAL ............................................................................................................................................................. 40
Wiring System ...................................................................................................................................................... 40
Motors.................................................................................................................................................................. 40
Emergency Generator.......................................................................................................................................... 41
Power Failure..................................................................................................................................................................... 43
In-Plant Power Failure ....................................................................................................................................................... 43
CONTROL SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................................... 43
TREATMENT PLANT STATUS ANNUNCIATION ........................................................................................................... 44
Minor Alarms ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
Pump Alarms ....................................................................................................................................................... 45
ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION EQUIPMENT................................................................................................................ 46
Operation ............................................................................................................................................................. 46
UV Lamps ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
Monitoring System ............................................................................................................................................................ 47
Exposure Time................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Factors Affecting Performance .......................................................................................................................................... 47
Maintenance ...................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Cleaning Lamps ............................................................................................................................................................ 48
Replacing Lamps ........................................................................................................................................................... 48
Safety ................................................................................................................................................................................. 48
SLUDGE WASTING .................................................................................................................................................... 49
LONG TERM SLUDGE DIGESTION BASINS (LTSDB) ................................................................................................. 49
PERMIT FOR BIOSOLIDS MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................... 49
Biosolids Land Application Permit .................................................................................................................................... 49
2005 Biosolids Application ............................................................................................................................................... 50
Future Biosolids Application ............................................................................................................................................. 50
RAPID INFILTRATION ................................................................................................................................................ 50
SAMPLING AND LABORATORY TESTING ...................................................................................................... 51
PURPOSE AND INTENT .............................................................................................................................................. 51
SAMPLING PROCEDURES .......................................................................................................................................... 51
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SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND FREQUENCIES ............................................................................................................... 52
TYPES OF SAMPLES .................................................................................................................................................. 52
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS SCHEDULE ...................................................................................................................... 52
LABORATORY REFERENCES FOR TEST PROCEDURES ................................................................................................ 52
LABORATORY TESTING ............................................................................................................................................ 53
Temperature ........................................................................................................................................................ 53
pH ........................................................................................................................................................................ 53
Alkalinity.............................................................................................................................................................. 53
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ....................................................................................................................................... 54
Oxygen Utilization Rate ....................................................................................................................................... 54
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) .................................................................................................................. 54
Suspended Solids ................................................................................................................................................. 54
Volatile Suspended Solids .................................................................................................................................... 55
30-Minute Settleability......................................................................................................................................... 55
Sludge Volume Index ........................................................................................................................................... 55
Fecal Coliform ..................................................................................................................................................... 55
Nitrogen Tests ...................................................................................................................................................... 55
APPENDIX A - PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE SYSTEM ......................................................................... 57
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 57
MAINTENANCE RECORDS ......................................................................................................................................... 57
Card File System ................................................................................................................................................. 57
LUBRICATION ........................................................................................................................................................... 61
EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE ..................................................................................................................................... 61
Pumps .................................................................................................................................................................. 61
Electrical Equipment ........................................................................................................................................... 62
Major Process Equipment ................................................................................................................................... 62
Spare Parts .......................................................................................................................................................... 62
Tools .................................................................................................................................................................... 63
Painting ............................................................................................................................................................... 63
Instrument Calibration ........................................................................................................................................ 63
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE OUTLINE ........................................................................................................................ 63
Daily Maintenance .............................................................................................................................................. 64
Control Building ................................................................................................................................................................ 64
Pump Stations .................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Aeration Basins ................................................................................................................................................................. 64
Clarifier ............................................................................................................................................................................. 64
General Plant ..................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Weekly Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................ 65
Pump Stations .................................................................................................................................................................... 65
Emergency and Portable Generators .................................................................................................................................. 65
Influent Structure ............................................................................................................................................................... 65
Quarterly Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................ 65
General Plant ..................................................................................................................................................................... 65
Semi-Annual Maintenance ................................................................................................................................... 65
Influent Structure ............................................................................................................................................................... 65
Biolac System .................................................................................................................................................................... 65
UV Treatment System ....................................................................................................................................................... 65
Flow Meter ........................................................................................................................................................................ 65
Electrical System ............................................................................................................................................................... 65
Annual Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................ 65
APPENDIX B - SAFETY RULES AND REGULATIONS .................................................................................... 67
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 67
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SAFETY REGULATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 67
GENERAL PLANT SAFETY ......................................................................................................................................... 67
SAMPLING SAFETY ................................................................................................................................................... 68
ELECTRICAL SAFETY ................................................................................................................................................ 69
APPENDIX C - PERSONNEL ................................................................................................................................. 70
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS FOR TREATMENT PLANT OPERATOR ......................................................................... 70
CERTIFICATION ........................................................................................................................................................ 70
APPENDIX D - RECORDS AND REPORTS ......................................................................................................... 71
RECORDS .................................................................................................................................................................. 71
Process Operation/Performance Records ........................................................................................................... 71
Daily Operating Log ............................................................................................................................................ 72
Maintenance Records .......................................................................................................................................... 72
Safety Records ..................................................................................................................................................... 73
Physical Plant Records ........................................................................................................................................ 73
REPORTS................................................................................................................................................................... 73
State Report ......................................................................................................................................................... 73
Annual Report ...................................................................................................................................................... 74
Annual Biosolids Report to Ecology .................................................................................................................... 74
Biosolids Evaluation Report to Ecology .............................................................................................................. 75
APPENDIX E - EMERGENCY PLANS AND PROCEDURES ........................................................................... 76
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 76
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN .................................................................................................................................. 76
EMERGENCY OPERATION PROCEDURES.................................................................................................................... 77
Power Failure ...................................................................................................................................................... 77
Flooding .............................................................................................................................................................. 77
Earthquakes ......................................................................................................................................................... 77
Fires ..................................................................................................................................................................... 77
Explosions............................................................................................................................................................ 77
Freezing ............................................................................................................................................................... 78
EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION SCHEDULE ................................................................................................................... 79
PREVENTION OF EMERGENCY CONDITIONS .............................................................................................................. 79
APPENDIX F - STATE WASTE DISCHARGE PERMIT ................................................................................... 80
APPENDIX G – SITE SPECIFIC LAND APPLICATION PLAN ....................................................................... 81
APPENDIX H – EQUIPMENT DATA SHEETS ................................................................................................... 82
APPENDIX I – YARD PIPING SCHEMATICS .................................................................................................... 83
VOLUME 2 - PARKSON BIOLAC TREATMENT SYSTEM MANUAL (VOL. 1 & 2)
PART I - General Installation Instructions

PART II - Aeration Equipment Installation
PART III - Clarifier Equipment Installation
PART IV - Biolac-R System Control System Installation
PART V - Biolac Treatment System Description
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PART VI - Operation
PART VII - Maintenance
PART VIII - Vendor Data
Biolac System Drawings
VOLUME 3 - MANUFACTURER’S OPERATION & MAINTENANCE LITERATURE
Section
11100 – Pump Station Equipment
11200 – Biolac Treatment System
11300 – UV Disinfection Equipment
11500 – Mechanical Screen
16000 – Electrical Instrumentation and Controls
16200 – Power Generation (on CD)
16770 – Paging and Intercom System
VOLUME 4 – DUNES WWTP RECORD DRAWINGS
SAND DUNES WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

Civil Drawings: Sheets C01 to C20
Architectural Drawings: Sheets A01 to A08
Mechanical Drawings: Sheets M01 to M14
Structural Drawings: Sheets S2.1 to S2.3, S4.0 to S4.2
Electrical Drawings: Sheets E01 to E17
Fire Protection Drawings: Sheets FP1 to FP2
PHASE II – BIOSOLID FACILITY IMPROVEMENTS

Civil Drawings: Sheets C01 to C14
Mechanical Drawings: Sheets M01 to M04
Architectural Drawings: Sheets A01 to A02
Structural Drawings: Sheets S01 to S02
Electrical Drawing: Sheet E01
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INTRODUCTION
Purpose of Treatment Plant
The City of Moses Lake is responsible for the collection, treatment, and disposal of
wastewater from the residential and commercial population of Moses Lake. The City is
responsible for protecting public health, ground water quality, and the water quality of the
Infiltration Basins. The Wastewater Treatment Facilities exist to: 1) remove suspended
and floatable material; 2) to treat biodegradable organics; 3) to reduce the total nitrogen
concentration; and 4) to eliminate pathogenic organisms from the collected wastewater.
The most recent (September 1, 2002) State Waste Discharge Permit (# ST 8012) was
issued by the Washington Department of Ecology to document the recent changes in the
capacity and degree of treatment provided by the facilities. The state waste discharge
permit effluent limitations and conditions are also intended to ensure the protection of the
environment and public health.
Background
The old sewage treatment plant, located immediately northeast of the new plant, was
constructed in 1983 and consists of screening, 4 aeration basins, 2 sedimentation
basins, 2 rock filters, and 8 rapid infiltration basins. The 1983 plant did not have
provisions for disinfection, future demands, nor did the plant have the design
capabilities to achieve the new total nitrogen limit of 10 mg/L.
New Plant
The objective of the new treatment Plant is to provide an extended aeration activated
sludge system with ultra violet disinfection, producing a chlorine-free effluent low in total
nitrogen suitable for rapid infiltration to recharge the groundwater.
Construction of the new Plant consists of installing two 188’ X 188’ HDPE lined aeration
basins, six 50’ X 36’ concrete clarifiers (three for each of the two aeration basins), 50’ X 60’
vehicle shed, a 74’ X 30’ control buildin (contains UV disinfection, aeration blowers and
electrical control panels), installation of the BIOLAC aeration system and integral clarifier
equipment, an outfall line to rapid infiltration basins, a waste activated sludge line to four
HDPE lined long term sludge digestion basins (4,100,000 gallons/basin), and
miscellaneous yard piping, pumping, plant and site improvements.
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Guide to Use of this Manual
The City of Moses Lake Wastewater Treatment Plant Operation and Maintenance Manual
describes the operations and maintenance procedures at the plant operated and owned
by the City of Moses Lake, located in Grant County, Washington. The purposes of the
manual are: (1) to acquaint the personnel responsible for operation of the treatment
facilities with Plant capabilities, (2) to outline the responsibilities of the operations and
maintenance personnel, (3) to instruct personnel on the purpose and intended operation of
each treatment process, and (4) to provide personnel with the necessary instructions for
the proper operation and maintenance of the treatment plant. This manual serves as a
reference and a guide for Plant maintenance and operation.
The presentation of material in the manual is directed to personnel who are familiar with
wastewater treatment and process theory. It should be emphasized that the manual
cannot be substituted for experience, nor is it intended to cover all of the operation
possibilities available. Reference publications cited in this manual may provide additional
pertinent information desired by personnel. It is intended that this manual and related
material provide the basis for an expanding Plant library. Descriptions and instructions are
provided for specific processes, services or functions. In addition, the appendices present
material generally applicable to all plant. It is recommended that all personnel become
familiar with the manual contents, format and organization.
Copies of this Operation and Maintenance Manual have been provided to the City with
complete sets of equipment operation, maintenance, and repair instructions prepared by
the manufacturer. These manufacturer's manuals, along with submittal information and
record drawings may be found on file with the City of Moses Lake.
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COLLECTION SYSTEM AND PUMP STATION
Collection System
The collection system was modified to reroute the existing 20” A.C. forcemain to the new
headworks facility. The new section of forcemain is 20” ductile iron and has a 12” influent
flow meter (record drawing C04).
Grit Basin/Skimmer Effluent Pump Station

(record drawing M12)
Purpose and Intent
There is one new pump station: 1. Grit Basin Drain/Skimmer Effluent Pump Station (record
drawing M12). This pump station is required to raise the level of wastewater flowing into
the pump station to a level sufficient for providing the necessary head to allow flow of
clarifier scum and/or raw wastewater & grit into either the aeration basins or into the long
term sludge digestion basins (LTSDBs). The piping also allows for pumping supernatant
from the LTSDBs to the headworks.
Description
The Grit Basin Drain/Skimmer Effluent (grit/scum) Pump Station has two submersible KSB
pumps with cable guides to retrieve and set pumps.
The wetwell is constructed from precast concrete pipe. The pumps operate on an
alternating lead-lag basis. During normal operation, only one pump operates at a time.
The second pump serves as a standby. The pumps have vortex impellers which handle
long fibrous solids better than closed vane impellers. Each pump is controlled by hand-off-
auto switches at the control panel. The control panel for this pump station is adjacent to
the wetwell.
Gate valves are located on the pump station discharge lines. Check valves are located on
the discharge between the pumps and gate valves to eliminate backflow into the pump
station wet well.
Table 1-1 lists the basic information for the Grit Basin Drain/Skimmer Effluent Pump
Station.
Table 1-1
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Pump Station Name Grit Basin Drain/Skimmer Effluent
Grit Basin Drain size (inches) 8
Scum Drains (2) size (inches) 12
Supernatant Drain size (inches) 8
Wetwell Diameter (inches) 96
Depth (feet) 16
Gallons per Minute 600
Total Dynamic Head 14
Electric Motor Horsepower 10
Voltage/Phase 480/3
Impeller Type Vortex
Impeller Diameter (mm) 216
Discharge Pipe Size (inches) 8
Sheets with General Info. M12
Operation
Under normal conditions, the pump station will operate automatically either by water levels
or time intervals. Scum flow enters the wet well through the two 12” scum drains.
Water Level Operating Mode
When a preset wastewater elevation is reached, the first pump (lead) is activated by the
level sensor. If the wastewater continues to rise, the second pump (lag) comes on. If the
wastewater level continues to rise above the level where the second pump turns on then
an alarm will be energized lighting the beacon on the control panel. Both pumps operate
until the level of wastewater is lowered to a preset elevation. At this water level, all pumps
cease pumping. Level sensor process and alarm elevations may be adjusted if needed.
Low Water Alarm: Minimum Submergence Required by Pump Manufacturer

Pumps Off: For drain/skimmer station: 1 foot above low water alarm
First Pump On: 10 minutes x peak pumpage rate(gpm)/ 3.1416 x well radius2
Second Pump On: For drain/skimmer station: 2 foot above first pump on level
High Water Alarm: For drain/skimmer station: 1 foot above second pump on level
Timed Interval Operating Mode
The time clock in control panel is provided to allow operator to operate the pumps pre-
set on/off cycle for a 24 hour period instead of the level operating mode described
above. This allows operator to remove scum from clarifiers on timed schedule rather
than the continuous scum recycle associated with the water level operating mode.
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Standard Pump Station Operating Procedures
The pump station may be considered to be operating normally when:

1. It is receiving electrical power from its primary utility source.
2. The wastewater flow is entering the wet well, and appropriate pump discharge valves
are open.
3. The water level in the wet well is being accurately detected by the water level sensors.
4. The pumps are operating as intended for the selected operating conditions.
5. The alarm functions are capable of responding as required.
6. All emergency equipment is performing when and as required. This equipment includes
the alarm system and standby generator.
Start-Up Procedures
For All Pump Stations Remarks
1. Set all valves to correct positions. Never run a pump against closed valves.
2. Check maintenance records. Verify that all preventive maintenance has

been performed. See Appendix A and the
maintenance section of this chapter.
3. Check wet well Remove large floating materials and probe for
any evidence of grit build-up.
4. Examine the check valves Improperly closed check valves will allow
backflow to enter the wet well.
5. Set pump controls For normal operation set switch on control panel
to AUTO for each pump.
6. Check pumps Listen for unusual noises, vibration. Check for

over heating. Keep pump and shaft free of
grease.
7. Check alarm systems Observe pumping cycle to be sure alarm

systems are working correctly.
Shut-Down Procedures
Remarks
1. Check water level in wet well Level should be within normal operating range.
11
2. Shut down pumps A. Shut off one at a time if operating.
3. Close valves B. Turn control switch to "OFF" position
Troubleshooting
Problem
Alarm beacon light flashing on the control panel indicating pump is called to run but is not
running.
Solution
1. Check the automatic control system. Position the hand-off-automatic switch at the
hand setting. If that causes the pump to run, as evidenced by a lowering of the water
level, the problem is within the automatic control system.
2. Check to see if the run indicator light in the Control Panel is on. If not, a power failure
is indicated.
3. If steps 1 and 2 have not solved the problem, then the pump has failed mechanically.
Uncouple the inoperative pump and remove it for repair or replacement according to
manufacturer's instructions.
Problem
Pump failure
Solution
1. Check the control panel for proper switch positions. Be sure the switch is set for
operation.
2. If the pump has overheated, determine the reason for overheating, and then reset the
pump controls.
3. If clogging is evident, lockout pump, drain, open and remove clogging material.
4. Close the motor circuit breaker if it is open.
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Problem
Noisy pump
Solution
1. Check for clogs. Remove as necessary.
2. Examine the impeller for wear. Replace if damaged.
Problem
Pumping rate inadequate
Solution
1. Be sure pump is sufficiently submerged.
2. Check for clogging of discharge and suction lines, impeller, and check valves. Lockout
pump and remove clogging material.
3. Be certain that the valves are fully open.
Problem
Impeller wear and cavitation
Solution
1. Replace impeller ring if necessary.
2. Cavitation is a sign of hydraulic design problems. Check for clogs.
Maintenance
Gravity Line Blockage
If one of the gravity flow lines becomes blocked, rodding may be necessary to clear it
depending on the severity. Periodic hydraulic flushing can help to minimize the likelihood
of blockage. Rodding equipment should be inserted in a downslope direction. After
rodding, the line should be flushed.
13
Pump Station Maintenance
It is suggested that a preventative maintenance schedule be implemented for all pumps

and incorporated into the routine work schedule. Pump station maintenance should
include:
1. Checking for smooth operation - note any unusual noise, vibrations, etc.
2. Running and checking the motors.
3. Checking annually the motor oil level.
4. Checking annually resistance of cable insulation.
5. Checking annually power cable for damage.
6. Hosing down the walls of the wet walls, valve chambers, and manholes, and
removing grit and debris on a regular basis.
To remove the pump and motor for repair in any pump station, set the hand-off-automatic
switch to "HAND" for the operative pump. Then set the switch to "OFF" for the affected
pump, lockout the pump control and close the valve for the pump. A lifting chain, power
cables, and two guide cables per pump are provided for removal of the pumps. There is
no need for personnel to enter the wet well.
Safety
Manholes and Pump Stations
Design of the on-site Dunes WWTP collection system is designed to reduce the potential
for sewage to become septic or for the need to enter a manhole. However, if the necessity
of entering a manhole or pump station wet well ever arises, observe all local, state, and
federal safety rules and regulations. Confined spaces are defined by OSHA as spaces in
which two simultaneous conditions exist:
1. The existing ventilation is so poor that dangerous levels of air contamination and/or
oxygen deficiency could occur, and
2. Access in or out of the space is difficult because of the location or size of the opening
to the outside.
Because confined spaces such as manholes and wetwells are unventilated or poorly
ventilated areas, gases, and vapors can rapidly build up to dangerous levels. Additionally,
combustion processes (as torches, heaters, etc.) and oxidation processes related to
sewage treatment can quickly deplete the oxygen supply in a poorly ventilated confined
space. If a gas is odorless and colorless, like carbon dioxide, the first sign to indicate a
problem is dizziness, headache, or shortness of breath. The victim may not have the time
to alert someone of the problem or escape before losing consciousness. Often a co-
worker will try to rescue a friend in trouble and be killed or injured in the attempt.
14
Entering a confined space is strongly discouraged, but when it is necessary to plan work in
manholes, wetwells, or any other confined space, employ the following:
1. Before work begins, evaluate the space to be entered. Ask essential questions. Is
access a problem? What about the structural integrity of the space? Is the existing
ventilation adequate to control air contamination or oxygen deficiencies.
2. Have the personnel and technical resources that you need at the work site. This
includes testing equipment, ventilation blowers, personal protective equipment (gloves,
respirators, hardhats, coveralls, safety glasses, goggles), and emergency rescue
equipment. Personnel must be trained in the hazards they may encounter in confined
spaces and be prepared for emergencies. Have at least one standby person trained in
CPR.
3. Have a set of written procedures to be used every time confined spaces are
encountered. Document the steps that are to be taken. Use a permit system where
workers enter the confined space only after all parts of the entry permit are completed.
4. Maintain an effective means of communication. It is mandatory to maintain an effective
means of communication between the worker in the confined space and the standby
workers whenever respiratory protection is used or when the worker in the confined
space is out of sight.
5. Use protective clothing. When there is contamination, or the possibility of
contamination by substances corrosive to or absorbed by the skin use protective
clothing.
The following list includes basic safety rules that should be followed.
1. PROVIDE ADEQUATE VENTILATION. A portable non-sparking blower should be

used to force fresh air into the enclosure and remove harmful gases. The use of an
oxygen-deficiency indicator and a combustible-gas indicator is a normal precaution.
2. PROVIDE ADEQUATE ILLUMINATION. The use of an electric explosion-proof lantern

is suggested.
3. NEVER ENTER ALONE. Open flow in the wet well produces currents capable of
pulling a person into the pumps' suction. Always have someone to help in the event of
trouble.
4. USE A SAFETY HARNESS AND HOIST equipped with safety line. Manhole and
related spaces in wastewater plant are cramped. A hoist for removing an unconscious
person is quick and safer for fellow workers.
5. BE CAREFUL ABOUT FOOTING.
6. USE BUCKET AND ROPE to lower tools and equipment.
15
7. GOOD HOUSEKEEPING is essential in valve chambers.
8. NEVER SMOKE OR STRIKE MATCHES in the vicinity of any enclosure where

explosive gases could accumulate.
9. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT is contained in the pump stations. Any time equipment or

wiring is to be worked on, turn off power and lock out. Post sign until an all clear
inspection is made.
10. PUMPS AND PUMP MOTORS WILL BE ROTATING. Caution should be taken to
keep all guards in place until power is locked off any time work is being performed.
11. HIGH PRESSURES WILL BE PRESENT in the pump and pipelines. Care must be
taken to isolate equipment and release pressures before dismantling any connections.
Washington Labor and industry have posted safety regulations (WAC 296-76-145) for
confined spaces and other topics on the following web site: www.wa.gov/lni/home/wacs.htm.
16
SAND DUNES WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
(DUNES WWTP)
General Description
The WWTP is an extended aeration activated sludge plant. Raw wastewater is

mechanically screened before entering the Biolac System. The Biolac System has an
integral clarifier for sludge separation and recycle. The Biolac System is a wave oxidation
process which creates oxic/anoxic zones to reduce total nitrogen. The required air is
supplied by two or three 75 HP blowers. Two additional blowers are provided for backup.
(Only two blowers are necessary for basin mixing requirements). An ultraviolet system will
be used for disinfection of the clarifier effluent prior to discharge to the Infiltration Basins.
Sludge from the clarifiers will be air lifted and drained into the four Long Term Sludge
Digestion Basins (LTSDB’s). In the LTSDB’s sludge will digest anaerobically from 70%
volatile solids to 40% volatile solids. Additionally, the biosolids will gravity thicken and
dewater through evaporation. Operators may alternate sludge discharge to one basin to
the other, allowing time for sludge drying and management, as needed. The unit
processes, equipment, operation, and maintenance are described below. More detailed
information on equipment items can be found in the manufacturer's operation and
maintenance manuals. Also, Appendix F contains the record drawings, which show the
site plan, hydraulic profile, and process schematic, along with the piping, electrical, and
mechanical details.
Grit Removal & Mechanical Screening
Wastewater flows are pumped via a twenty-inch sewer forcemain into the pre-aeration and
grit removal basin and mechanical screen structure. The Influent Structure performs three
functions: 1) grit removal with course bubble diffusers, 2) screening of wastewater, and 3)
mixing the raw wastewater with the return activated sludge prior to discharge into the
Biolac aeration basin.
Preliminary treatment consists of grit removal and screening. Heavy grit particles will
settle-out in the aerated grit basin, and remaining solids will be collected on a mechanically
cleaned filter screen as the wastewater passes through the screen. Screenings are
compacted, washed and discharged off the top end of the moving screw into a removable
bagging device.
17
Operation
Hycor Helisieve Unit
The Hycor Helisieve Unit is relatively simple to operate. It may be turned on and off
manually at the local control station. After power is supplied to the screen, it operates
automatically and continuously.
The screen is designed to be self-cleaning by using water and brushes to remove the
captured materials from the screen surface. An ultra sonic level sensor operates a
shaftless spiral that spins around, sweeping away debris in a continuous upward motion.
As the debris climbs up the spiral, it is compacted and washed, before final ejection down
a flexible discharge chute into the disposal bin.
The local control enclosure contains controls which operate the unit as follows:
Helisieve Modes of Operation:

When the selector switch is in the "OFF" position, the unit will not run.
Placing the selector switch to the "HAND" position causes the unit to run continuously.
Placing the selector switch to the "AUTO" position causes the unit to run when the
material reaches the start level as sensed by the ultrasonic level sensor. The unit will
continue to run until the level of drops below the set point for a time delay set on 1TR.
Press Zone Spray Wash Modes of Operation:

Placing the selector switch to the "HAND" position causes the press zone spray wash
to run continuously.
Placing the selector switch to the "AUTO" position causes the press zone spray wash
to cycle off and on per 2TR (off-time first).
Emergency Stop:
The unit will stop immediately if any of the E-Stop pushbuttons are depressed, or the
inspection door is opened.
Return Activated Sludge
There are two parallel Biolac equally-sized treatment trains. Each has an 18” return
activated sludge (RAS) that flows by gravity to the aeration basin 21” influent line where
the RAS and screened influent wastewater are mixed flow to the aeration basins.
Maintenance
The manufacturer's operation and maintenance manual contains detailed maintenance

instructions. These instructions are outlined here.
18
Start-up: If the screen has been shut down for an extended period of time then the startup
procedures listed in the manufacturer's O&M manual should be followed.
Check drive unit oil level weekly.
Wash down submerged parts of screen semi-annually.
The wastewater channel should be checked monthly for accumulation of settled solids.
Repairs: The procedure for replacement of filter elements and removal of the screen from
the channel are covered in the manufacturer's O&M manual.
Grease and Oil Schedule: The manufacturer's O&M manual covers in detail the schedules
and required lubricants. Primarily the gear motor oil level should be checked monthly and
changed annually.
Troubleshooting
The manufacturer's O&M manual has a detailed guide for mechanical and electrical
problems. Refer to these documents in the event of operational problems.
Safety
As in any area where wastewater is present, it is important to maintain good personal

hygiene. Avoid smoking, eating, or drinking in this area. When performing maintenance
on the mechanical screen, always lockout electrical equipment.
Biolac Wave Oxidation Treatment Process
Biological oxidation of matter and denitrification occurs in the aerated Biolac basin.
Oxidation of organic matter by the microorganisms serves to reduce the oxygen depleting
characteristics of the effluent upon receiving waters. The microbial demands represented
by BOD and carbon content of the wastewater are to be met first, before allowing
microbes removing nitrogen compounds to successfully compete for food. Denitrification
is accomplished by creating oxic and anoxic zones in the aeration basin which removes
total nitrogen to levels which are acceptable for rapid infiltration. The integral clarifier then
separates the clear liquor from the suspended solids generated in the basin. Clarification is
a critical link, as it is the final step in the removal of suspended solids and organic
pollutants (as measured by the BOD test) from the wastewater. Basic operating theory,
equipment control and maintenance are described below.
19
Operation
Process Description
While the complete secondary treatment system does not solely consist of the Biolac
basin, the basic operating principles of activated sludge will be discussed in this section.
In the activated sludge process, wastewater is fed continuously into an aerated tank,
where the microorganisms degrade the solids by oxidizing part of the soluble organic
material for energy and synthesizing some of the soluble organic material into new
bacterial cells. The activated sludge process is developed when these organisms floc
together and are heavy enough to settle and be removed from the liquid. The physical
system is really designed for the floc-forming type, which tend to settle easily in the
clarifier. Microorganisms (activated sludge) are settled from the aerated mixed liquor in
the clarifiers where a portion is returned to the aeration tank and the remaining portion is
wasted. The reason for settling and recycling is to develop a concentrated biomass in the
aeration basin. This concentrated biomass is used to oxidize organics and organic forms
of nitrogen. Autotrophs and nitrifiers reduce nitrates down to nitrogen, whereas
heterotrophs transform ammonia components into nitrates. Clear supernatant from the
final clarifiers is the Plant effluent.
The Biolac basin process is a type of activated sludge system characterized by operation
in the endogenous zone of cell metabolism. The term "endogenous" refers to a particular
phase in the microbial growth pattern of the organisms that degrade the organic matter in
the wastewater. This growth pattern can be compared to the life cycle of any living
organism (i.e. birth, growth, maturity, death) and therefore any particular phase in the
growth pattern is dependent on time or "age" of the microorganisms. Within a short period
of time after the food or organic matter comes in contact with a healthy population of
microorganisms, the microorganisms reproduce rapidly as long as there is an abundance
of food available. This phase of growth is log growth phase. The rate of reproduction in
this phase is only limited by the microorganisms’ ability to consume and process the food.
As more microorganisms are produced in the system, their total food consumption causes
an increasing shortage of food. This is characteristic of the declining growth phase. The
rate of reproduction decreases until the number of microorganisms is stationary (rate of
reproduction is equal to the rate of death.)
With time, the activity level slows down and because there is not enough food available,
the growth rate also slows down. The process enters the endogenous zone and the
microorganism population starts to decrease. Due to the lack of food, some of the
microorganisms die. As death occurs the cells break apart and release some organic food
matter to be used by the remaining population. Thus, even in the endogenous phase,
growth still takes place.
20
By operation in the endogenous zone, the Biolac basin process is characterized by a low
F/M ratio (food to microorganism ratio,) and a high sludge age or mean cell residence
time, MCRT (the average time the mixed liquor stays in the system.) This highly
competitive and self-destructive endogenous phase results in a highly treated effluent with
low, very stable sludge production. This process utilizes long detention times, which allow
the system to operate effectively even though flows and strengths may vary widely.
Wave Oxidation
The wave oxidation modification to the standard Biolac Process is used to provide
denitrification. Wave oxidation consists of creating oxic (aerated) and anoxic (non-
aerated) zones in the aeration basin by turning aeration chains on and off. A minimum
of 3 adjacent chains are turned off for 20-30 minutes (typically) to create an anoxic
zone. Adjacent oxic and anoxic zones are alternated every 20 – 30 minutes to create
the proper environment for denitrification. A dissolved oxygen probe is provided for
blower control. If oxygen levels drop below 0.5 mg/l then additional aeration is provided
by turning on the VFD standby blower, and ramping-up blower power accordingly. The
Biolac Manual provides a detailed description of the wave oxidation process and
controls.
Process Equipment
The two identical Biolac Systems each consists of two major components: 1) The
Aeration Basin and 2) The Integral Clarifier.
Aeration Basin
The aeration system consists of floating aeration chains which span the aeration basin and
are fixed at both ends. Each aeration chain is formed by a floating HDPE pipe with 1”
hanging hoses attached to the fine bubble diffusers. From the HDPE float assemblies,
fine bubble diffusers are suspended above the basin floor. Air is introduced at one end of
the aeration chain and then enters the wastewater through the diffusers. The air both
oxygenates and mixes the basin contents. Because the aeration chains are flexible, the
air released from the diffusers causes the aeration chains to oscillate back and forth in a
regular pattern. The chains are installed so that the entire basin floor is covered by these
patterns. The time for one complete oscillation is typically 2-3 minutes. The magnitude of
the movement can be adjusted by adjusting the tension on the aeration chains using the
restraining chains present on each end.
Integral Clarifier
Both clarifiers are formed by four concrete walls and two concrete hopper bottoms. The
integral clarifiers receive wastewater from the basin and separate the clear liquor from the
21
suspended solids. A concrete wall separates the clarifying zone from the rest of the basin.
Flow enters the clarifier through the open 16” flap gates at the bottom of the wall. After
settling, the effluent discharges through an overflow weir, and the Sludge Removal (RAS)
System removes the sludge. The air piping supplies the airlift with air from the aeration
blower. The PVC sludge suction piping is inserted along the length of the clarifier's hopper
bottom in order to remove the settled solids from the clarifier. The flocculating rake
mechanism, a vertically hung assembly with chains suspended from the bottom angle,
travels back and forth across the length of the clarifier to aid in sludge distribution. The
Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) flow is controlled by an automatic gate valve which is
controlled by a timer in the electrical control panel.
Process Design
The Biolac System is an extended aeration/activated sludge basin with an integral clarifier
for sludge separation and recycle. The criteria at design flow and design BOD loading is:
F/M Ratio 0.055

MLSS 3000 mg/l
Hydraulic Retention time 1.19 days
Solids Retention time 45-75 days
BOD effluent conc. 10 mg/L (Average Monthly)
Aeration Basin: The aeration requirements for each of the two identical Biolac Systems
are calculated below.
Actual Oxygen Requirements (AOR) per Aeration Basin:
2.0 MGD * 215 mg/l BOD * 8.34 = 3586 lbs. BOD/day
1.5 lbs O2/lb of BOD removed

25 hours retention time
95 % removal of BOD
(lbs. BOD removed/day) * (lbs. O2/lb. BOD removed) = AOR for BOD removal
3407 lbs. BOD * 1.5 lbs O2/lb. BOD = 5110 lbs. O2 (AOR for BOD removal)
2.0 MGD * 24 TKN mg/l * 8.34 = 400 lbs. TKN/day
4.6 lbs O2/lb. of TKN removed (standard)

96% TKN removal
(lbs. TKN removed/day) * (lbs. O2/lb. TKN removed) = AOR for TKN removal
384 lbs. TKN * 4.6 lbs O2/lb. TKN = 1768 lbs. O2 (AOR for TKN removal)
22
Combined AOR = 6878/24 hrs = 287 lbs. O2/hr.
Temperature (T) = 20 C
Saturation (CSM) = 9.092 mg/l
Site Barometric Pressure (BP) = 14.44 psia
Diffuser Water Depth (DWD) = 11 feet
Equivalent Depth Factor (F) = 0.25
Alpha (A) = 0.70, Oxygen-Transfer Correction Factor for Waste
Beta (B) = 0.95, Salinity Surface Tension Correction Factor
Theta = 1.024
Dissolved Oxygen Level (C-L) = 2
(C-ST) Saturated Adjustment for Depth of Aeration

(C-S20) Saturation Adjustment to Standard temperature of 20 C
(C-SW) Saturated Con. Adj. Using the Salinity Surface Tension Adjustment Factor
C-ST = CSM * (BP + (0.433 * DWD * F)) / 14.7 = 9.6681

C-S20 = 9.07 *((14.7 + (0.433 * DWD * F)) / 14.7 = 9.8047
C-SW = Beta * C-ST = 9.18469
Standard Oxygen Requirement (SOR):
SOR = lbs. O2/hr. AOR 287/Alpha * (C-SW - C-L / C-S20) * (Theta^T-20)
SOR = 559 lbs. O2/hr
The required air is supplied by 4, 75 HP blowers. A fifth blower is provided for

100% backup with the largest unit out of service. Only two blowers are necessary
for basin mixing requirements.
Aeration Basin Design
Influent Feed: influent will be split between two feed lines to distribute the
influent into the two aeration basins.
Description HDPE Lined Basin (Side Slope 1.5:1)
Number of Basins 2
Approx. Dimensions at Grade (ft.) 185 x 185
Approx. Dimensions at Bottom (ft.) 149 x 149
Side Water Depth (ft) 12
Freeboard (ft.) 2.0
23
Basin Volume (MG) 2.39 per basin
Aeration System Design:
Diffuser Type Fine Bubble

Estimated SOR/basin (lbs/hr) 559
Estimated SCFM/basin 2943
Estimated Brake HP/basin 120
Blowers 5 - 75 HP Blowers
No. Diffusers/basin 612
No. BioFuser Assemblies/basin 153
No. Bioflex Headers/basin 9
Blowers 5 - 75 HP Blowers
Air Flow per Header (SCFM) 327
Feed Diameter (inch) 6
Velocity at Condition (fps) 28
Min. SCFM for mixing basin:

(basin vol. ft3)(3.5 SCFM/1000 ft3) = 1118 SCFM
Min. BHP for mixing = 47
Clarification
The clarifier design parameters are as follows:
Average Flow: 4.00 MGD

Peak Flow: 4.64 MGD
Effluent TSS: 15 mg/L average month
23 mg/L peak day
Clarifier Design (2 Clarifiers):
Surface Dimensions (ft) 150 x 33.33

Avg. Overflow Rate gpd/ft2 400
Peak Overflow Rate gpd/ft2 464
Avg. Weir Loading gpd/ft 6667
Peak Weir Loading gpd/ft 7733
Sludge Recycle:
Pump Type 4 - 8" airlifts

Capacity 0.5 to 1.5 Influent Flowrate
1388 to 4166 gpm
24
Process Control
General
The secondary treatment process at Moses Lake is commonly referred to as an extended

aeration activated sludge system. Characteristics of extended aeration activated sludge
systems have been previously discussed.
As an operating process, a Biolac System Plant can adapt to and adsorb substantial
changes in flow, loading or environment. However, adjustments must sometimes be
made to respond to these changes in flow or loading if the efficiency is expected to remain
at an acceptable level. This chapter presents process control strategies to enable
operation under a wide range of conditions.
Process Control Variables
The operator basically has three methods of exerting control over the treatment system.
These consist of:
1. increasing or decreasing the aeration

2. increasing or decreasing sludge wasting
3. increasing or decreasing sludge recycle
These control variables are interrelated and should only be adjusted when the operator
has an overall process control strategy developed.
Two process control methods used commonly by Facility operators are the
food/microorganism ratio (F/M), (food refers to the organic matter present in the influent)
and the Mean Cell Residence Time (MCRT). The first one, F/M is the oldest method
and therefore the most commonly used. The use of F/M is based on the idea that the
amount of biodegradable organic matter fed to the process directly affects growth rate.
Therefore it is desirable to keep a definite ratio between the incoming food and the
microorganisms.
The MCRT method of control relates solids in the system to growth rate. It is expressed
in time (days) which an average microorganism remains in the system.
Both of these controls are interrelated (changing one control changes the other) and
both provide the operator with a means for maintaining the best effluent and sludge
quality. Also, these controls indicate the solids level needed to stabilize the food and
attain good sludge quality. No matter what operating strategy the operator uses,
ultimate control of the system will be based on the solids level, which is controlled by
25
wasting. To maintain a desired solids level it is necessary to waste the amount of net
daily growth. Increasing the solids level can be accomplished by decreasing the waste
rate and decreasing the solids level can in turn be accomplished by increasing the
waste rate. Examples of solids level calculations applicable to the WWTP follow.
Thus, the best operating F/M or Ø (MCRT) must be experimentally determined based
on actual results of treatment.
Perhaps the most important recommendation which can be given to an operator is to

collect raw data from his various control tests, and then plot these data on graphs.
Graphing is the best means for converting raw numbers into a usable form which can then
be easily and readily used to see developing patterns. This method also permits
accumulation of a visual history on all kinds of operations. The operator can always trace
back to see what results were obtained as response changes were made.
Solids Level Calculations
The determination of the optimum solids to be carried in the mixed liquor is based on two
factors. These are concentration and quantity of the influent to the basin and the
maximum amount of solids which can be maintained which will provide the best effluent
quality. When considering the ratio of solids under aeration to the influent concentration,
F/M, it is best to consider it on a pounds basis. As an example, the pounds of BOD (or
food for the microorganisms) in the influent are calculated by:
BOD mg/l x 8.34 x flow(MGD) = lbs/day of food
As an example, for the Dunes WWTP, the BOD loading per aeration basin is calculated as
follows:
215 mg/l x 8.34 x 2.0 MGD = 3586 lbs BOD per day per aeration basin
To determine the amount of mixed liquor expressed in pounds, the volume of the aeration
tank and the concentration of the solids are used in the following calculation:
MLSS mg/l x 8.34 x Vol. (million gallons) of aeration tank = total pounds of mixed liquor
solids
The volume of the Biolac basin is, of course dependent on the depth of mixed liquor in the
tank. For a given mixed liquor depth, the approximate volume in gallons for the Biolac
basin can be calculated as follows:
D = Mixed Liquor Depth (ft) = 12 ft for Dunes WWTP
Basin volume in gallons = 4,760,000 gallons for the two Dunes WWTP aeration basins
volume.
26
As an example of the use of F/M, assume the influent BOD (So) to be 215 mg/l, Ø =
hydraulic detention time, and X = microorganism concentration in aeration basin, mg/l.
F/M = So/ Ø X (from Metcalf & Eddy, 3rd Ed., eq 8-48, page 532)
If the desired F/M is 0.06 and Ø = 1.82 (Dunes WWTP Design Condition) then:
F/M = 215/1.15 X = 0.06
And the necessary concentration of volatile suspended solids in the aeration basin is:
X = 215 / ((1.82)(0.06)) = 1969 mg/l
The above is an example of how aeration basin microorganism concentration (solids level)
may be determined for a given influent BOD and a desired F/M. Values used for these
calculations should be averaged over several weeks to arrive at figures to be used as
process adjustments. Generally, it would be found that higher amounts of sludge would
be carried in the system during cold winter months, as compared to summer months;
therefore an F/M of 0.05 might be selected for November through March and 0.07 during
warmer weather. Details on the use of the F/M method for process control can be found
later in this chapter under Sludge Wasting.
Sludge Wasting
An advantage of using the mean cell residence time (Øc) control method is that for a given
mass of solids in the system the necessary solids wasted per day can be calculated for
any Øc.
Øc = Vr X / QwXr + QeXe
Vr = volume of aeration basin

Qw = wasteage rate
X = concentration of microorganisms (solids) in aeration basin
Xr = concentration of microorganisms (solids) in recycle
Qe = effluent flow rate
Xe = effluent concentration of microorganisms (solids) in effluent
Solving for the wasteage rate with the following known values follows as an example:
Vr = 4,760,000 gallons (total for 2 basins)

X = 1969 mg/l
Xr = 9,000 mg/l
27
Qe = 4,000,000 gallons per day
Xe = 15 mg /l
Øc = mean cell residence time
60 = (4,760,000)(1969)/((Qw )(9,000) + (4,000,000)(15)); Qw = 10,685 gallons per day
Operational Effects of Sludge Wasting/Return
It is important to emphasize that all of the variables affecting the process are interrelated,
(i.e. a change in one variable produces change in others).
As an example: an increase in food produces a change in microbial growth which affects

MLSS concentration, air usage and settleability.
Similarly, changes made in sludge return and wasting will produce changes in or affect
various process operations such as:
air requirements and usage,
sludge settleability,
mean cell residence time (MCRT),
concentration (MLSS and settled).
Therefore, it is necessary for the operator to realize the total impact on all process factors
before changing control variables such as return or wasting sludge rates. Generally,
change should be made in only one variable at a time, and then no more than ten percent
of the total.
Return Sludge
An active bio-mass is required in the Biolac basin which should be maintained at a given
level based on the optimum MCRT or F/M ratio. The active bio-mass or sludge is
separated from the mixed liquor in the integral clarifiers and must be returned to the Biolac
basin as rapidly as possible. Sludge return operations throughout the day are based on
several considerations:
The solids loading on the clarifiers. The Plant is limited by the maximum number of
pounds it can carry in the system.
The desired MLSS concentration or weight carried in the Biolac basin.
28
Settleability of the solids entering the clarifier as measured by the SVI.
The Influent flow (q).
The concentration of solids in the return sludge.
The concentration of solids in the effluent.
Since the solids level in the aeration basins will be influenced by the rate of Influent and
rate and concentration of return sludge, several pieces of information will be necessary in
finding the best return sludge rate. The sludge that settles to the bottom of the clarifiers is
much more concentrated than the mixed liquor entering the final clarifiers, and the
relationship of these concentrations and the return sludge and influent flows is given
below.
The rate of return can be determined from the following formula:
Qr = (QeXe - QwXr – QX) / X – Xr
Given:
Q = 2,000,000 gallons per day

X = 1,969 mg/l
Xr = 9,000 mg/l
Qe = 2,000,000 gallons per day
Xe = 15 mg /l
Qw = 5344 gallons per day
Then:
Qr = 562,664 gpd (or 0.56 MGD)
The return sludge flow is measured magnetic flow meter in both of the 18” RAS lines
Sludge Wasting
Ultimate control of the system, no matter what intermediate operating decisions are made,
always will be based on solids wasting. There are three methods commonly used by
operators to decide how much sludge to waste:
1. Control by maintenance of a constant MLSS.

2. Control by maintenance of a constant F/M ratio.
3. Control by maintenance of a constant MCRT.
29
1. Control by maintenance of a constant MLSS. With this method, the operator
is maintaining a constant mass of organisms to use the incoming food
supply. If the operator finds that an MLSS of 4,000 mg/l works effectively at
the Plant, that level will be maintained. If the solids in the Biolac basin
increase above 4,000 mg/l the operator will waste more until the MLSS level
is again 4,000 mg/l. If the MLSS drops below 4,000 mg/l, the operator will
waste less and allow the solids concentration to increase. Graphing can be
very helpful with this method. MLSS values plotted against effluent quality
parameters can help the operator to select the desired MLSS value.
Wasting rates can also be plotted against resulting MLSS values to
determine a relationship between wasting and MLSS. While this method is
simple to understand and manage, problems can occur if large variations in
loading are encountered. The problem occurs due to changes in the F/M
ratio. For example, if the BOD of the incoming waste Increases by 50
percent over a substantial period of time, the increase in solids production
from the higher BOD load would be wasted to maintain the constant MLSS.
The result of this action, however, is that the F of the F/M ratio is 50 percent
higher while the M remains at the previous level. The resulting increase in
F/M could lead to process inefficiency or failure.
2. Control by maintenance of a constant F/M ratio. This method of control is

based upon wasting to maintain a constant F/M ratio. The operator will try to
increase or decrease the MLSS to match an increase or decrease in the
BOD entering the Plant. The extended aeration ditch will operate best at a
specific F/M ratio between 0.05 to 0.07. Plotting F/M values against effluent
quality should aid in the selection of an F/M value. The solids level
calculation examples should be referred to when increasing or decreasing
the MLSS. This method tends to be the most difficult but is fairly successful
if the Plant receives wastes with predictable variations.
3. Control by maintenance of a constant MCRT. The MCRT or sludge age can

be expressed by the following equation:
MCRT = total solids under aeration/total solids wasted per day.
or
MCRT = XV
QwXr + (Q-Qw)Xe
or assuming Xe (effluent concentration) is very small at 250 lbs/day, use:
MCRT = XV
30
QwXr
Where:
MCRT = mean cell residence time, days
X = MLSS, mg/l
V = volume of mixed liquor under aeration, gal
Qw = flow rate of sludge being wasted, GPD
Xr = return sludge concentration, mg/l
The operator can set the MCRT that he feels will work well or has found to work well for
this particular Plant. Therefore, to calculate the wasting rate, Qw, the operator needs only
to know the total liquid volume under aeration, the MLSS concentration and the return
sludge concentration.
The MCRT for extended aeration plant will vary from 45 to 75 days. The operator can
easily estimate what MCRT to use based on past solids wasting practices which yielded
good effluent and sludge quality.
The wasting of sludge must be based on a reliable base of sludge inventory. Since
operation of the WWTP requires intermittent wasting, it is wise to time the wasting periods
such as to always have enough sludge in the Biolac basin during periods of increased
loading such as known industrial contributions or diurnal changes. The following are some
general guidelines for wasting:
1. Compute and set the wasting rate and time so as to maintain sufficient solids in the
system.
2. Don't over waste or there will be an insufficient amount of M in the ditches when the
load hits the Plant in the morning or during other known load increases.
3. Monitor the sludge blanket in the clarifier. If the depth of sludge is unusually high
then the start of wasting or increasing the rate of wasting may be necessary.
4. To increase the amount of solids under aeration (decrease F/M ratio), decrease or
stop wasting and increase the return. To decrease the amount of solids under
aeration (increase F/M ratio) increase wasting and decrease the return.
5. Normally wasting practices will be changed at those times when the process is
becoming upset.
Sludge Wastage Valves
31
Sludge wasting is accomplished by the use of a 4” automatic sludge wasting valve
controlled by a cycle timer for each aeration basin. The flow in the WAS line is measured
by the magnetic flow meter. The pounds of sludge wasted per day are estimated as
follows:
(mg/l return sludge)(8.34x10-6)(measured gpm)(minutes/day valve is open)
Operating Problems
Severe problems can often be avoided by observing and controlling a process problem
before it gets out of hand. The operator should inspect all processes daily for
abnormalities.
Biolac Basin Appearance
The operator should look at general appearance of the Biolac basin contents to determine
if there are any unusual colors or foams.
Mixed Liquor Color
A dark blackish color may indicate an anaerobic condition caused by poor aeration or an
improper discharge of sludge to the Biolac basin. Other unusual colors may indicate the
presence of an industrial waste. These situations may require increased aeration (See
chapter 3), a check of the entering flow streams, and possible separation of industrial
waste components for pretreatment.
Industrial waste is not to be accepted at this plant. The City should also be reluctant to
accept any septage. Septage is highly corrosive and may have high levels of grit. If
septage is to be accepted, use only sources that are well know and uncontaminated.
Pump septage into the grit basin, so that material may be screened. Assuming that
septage has 8000mg/L of BOD, the City should not exceed the total plant design load of
4,000,000 gallons/day at 215 mg/L. This means that a load of 1000 gallons of septage is
equal to 26,667 gallons of normal wastewater, and the plant will only be able to handle
3,973,333 gallons of City wastewater, during that day.
Fresh Crisp White Foam
A modest accumulation of fresh crisp white foam is usually a good sign of a well operated
system that is producing good effluent. The operator should try to maintain the system
(i.e. keep operating variables constant) until the -physical characteristics of the system
change or other control tests dictate a change.
32
Excessive Billowing White Foam
Thick billows of white sudsy foam may indicate that the MCRT is too low (young sludge
age) and requires an increase by reducing the sludge wasting rate. It can also indicate the
presence of a non-biodegradable surface active material, for example, from an industrial
cleaning compound, or another industrial waste of some kind.
The sludge wasting rates should be gradually decreased until observations and lab tests
reveal improving trends. The operator may choose to plot all the process characteristics
such as sludge volume index, mixed liquor concentrations, and MCRT. The operator can
then use previously discussed control methods to maintain an effective MCRT. It is not
wise for the operator to make drastic changes in sludge wasting rates, because the
system will respond better to gradual changes in the wasting rates. Wasting rates should
be changed by no more than 10 percent at any one time.
Thick Scummy Dark Tan Foam
A dense and somewhat greasy and scummy layer of deep tan to brown foam covering the
Biolac Basin surface may indicate an old sludge or one that is over oxidized. To eliminate
this situation the MCRT can be reduced by increasing the sludge wasting rate. Again the
wasting rate requires an increase at a modest rate.
Foam of any color or characteristic should never be allowed to cover the entire water
surface in the Biolac basin. Foam can be broken up by the use of a water hose.
Integral Clarifier Appearance
Careful observation of the surface of the integral clarifier and the effluent can give the
operator the best clues to required process changes.
If the effluent is clear and attractive, the operator normally will continue present control
policies. If the effluent is turbid, contains noticeable solids, or is deteriorating steadily, the
operator will review the control and response trend lines and adjust the operating
variables. Without adjustment, the deteriorating condition of the effluent often will be
followed closely by more serious problems that are reflected by the clarifier surface.
Sludge Bulking
Sludge bulking is probably the most commonly stated reason for a poorly operated
activated sludge Plant. Bulking sludge, sludge in which the solids will not separate, is
normally attributed to the presence of filamentous and/or nonfilamentous microorganisms.
The nonfilamentous or "zoogleal" bulking is quite rare and is associated with large
33
amounts of entrapped water in the sludge floc. This type of bulking usually can be
eliminated by reducing the F/M ratio.
Filamentous bulking is associated with large numbers of hairlike bacteria or fungi in the
sludge floc. These organisms are easy to recognize under a microscope, although
identification of the type of filament may require the assistance of an experienced
microbiologist. Such service may be desirable because the benefits associated with
knowing the filament type are often worth the initial expense. Even if the type of filament is
not determined the operator can proceed to correct the problem on a short-term basis by
chemical treatment such as chlorination. Wastewater characteristics that can affect sludge
bulking include fluctuations in flow and strength, pH, temperature, staleness, nutrient
content, dissolved oxygen, and toxicants.
Other causes of bulking sludge can be microbial problems such as nutrient deficient
influent, deflocculation, septic sludge, rising sludge, floating sludge or pinpoint floc. These
problems will be discussed separately later.
An organized approach to finding a chemical treatment for bulking is a necessity. The

following approach is recommended:
1. Identify bulking as distinct from such factors as poor operation, deflocculated

sludge, foam-forming sludge, rising sludge, and septic sludge. Influent and effluent
quality parameters should be compared with those when the system was working
satisfactory (i.e., check D.O. in basin). Characteristics of bulking are (a) sludge
settles and leaves a clear supernatant but SVI is high (greater than 150 ml/g), (b)
low solids concentration in return sludge, and (c) high sludge blanket in final settling
tank.
2. Determine if the bulking is filamentous or nonfilamentous by microscopic

examination of mixed liquor and return sludge. The use of a microscopic
predominance chart is recommended. If nonfilamentous bulking, chlorinate return
sludge at 5 to 10 mg/l; if filamentous bulking, go to Step 3
3. Determine if filamentous organisms are bacteria or fungi. If fungal organisms are

causing the bulking, look for an industrial waste problem. If bacterial filamentous
organisms are responsible for the bulking, identify the organisms, if possible, and
go to Step 4.
4. Look for the source of the massive concentrations of filamentous bacteria in

wastewater or process return flows. If the source of filamentous bacteria is found,
disinfectant should be used to eliminate it. If filamentous bacteria are growing in
activated sludge, then go to Step 5.
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5. Choose as basic approach one of the following: (a) killing sludge and starting over,
(b) using disinfectant on return sludge, or (c) using flocculent or weighing agent to
decrease SVI.
6. Establish objectives, minimum time, and control procedures for the corrective
treatment chosen.
7. Carry out the corrective treatment and collect data for evaluation.
8. Evaluate Steps 5 through 7. If successful, continue as needed. If unsuccessful, go

back to Step 5 and try again.
Other methods that may help reduce or eliminate bulking on a longer term basis are:
increasing the sludge age; adding nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus; increasing
the return sludge rate; and, increasing the air applied. Carrying a greater than normal
amount of activated sludge solids when adequate aeration capacity exists in a system
subject to periodic upsets of this kind will help cushion the effect. In most cases, when
excess solids are carried, bulking to the extent of solids carry over will not occur.
Many factors have been blamed for the development of bulking sludge. They include
shock loadings, ineffective aeration, nutrient imbalance, too low sludge age, and improper
operation. Once severe bulking is present, it is difficult to eliminate. With daily
microscopic examination of the MLSS, however, impending filamentous bulking can be
recognized and cured before the situation gets out of control.
Clumping, Ashing and Rising Sludge
At times, large masses of sludge, possibly 0.3 m (1 ft) in diameter will rise to the final
surface, burst, and spread over the surface. This has been termed "clumping". Smaller
sludge particles, usually deep brown to gray in color, may rise and spread over the settling
tank surface. Some operators call this "ashing." If aeration is sufficient to produce nitrates
in the aeration tanks, problems may result in the settling tanks. If the sludge inventory is
too high or if the DO level in the clarifier influent is not high enough, denitrification may
result. The oxygen associated with the nitrate is removed, and the remaining nitrogen gas
rises to the surface, carrying solids with it. Anaerobic conditions eventually may develop
that result in the beginning phases of digestion and gas production. This also may cause
rising sludge.
When floating sludge appears in quantity on the integral clarifier surface the following may
be tried as a remedy:
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Increase the rate of return activated sludge pumping from the integral
clarifier. This reduces the average depth of sludge on the tank floor and
increases movement of sludge toward the sludge withdrawal lines.
Sludge Solids Washout
Solids may be washing over the effluent weirs even though classic bulking is not occurring.
This can be shown by settling tests which will indicate a good settling sludge. In these
instances, the sludge blanket may be several feet below the settling tank surface except
near the weirs. Washout may be occurring in these instances because of unequal mixed
liquor flow into or by unequal return sludge removal from the integral clarifier. In this case,
flow into and out of the integral clarifier will require balancing. Maintaining the sludge
blanket as low as possible will help. Solids washout also can be caused by nonlevel weirs,
or hydraulic overloading.
Deflocculation
Deflocculation is just what the name implies - the sludge breaks up into very small
particles that settle poorly and the effluent becomes very turbid. The effluent turbidity is
caused by individual microbial cells and other microscopic particles that give the effluent a
high SS concentration and a high BOD. Deflocculation may occur because of toxic
wastes, acid wastes, anaerobic conditions in the aeration tank, overloading of the aeration
tank, inadequate nitrogen or phosphorus supply, and excess shear caused by hydraulic
turbulence. The phenomenon of deflocculated sludge is quite different from that of bulking
sludge, but the initial symptoms of rising SVI and turbid effluent are the same. However,
deflocculation is normally a temporary condition that will correct itself in several days.
Chemical treatment in this case would be of no help. Interpretation of deflocculation
versus bulking characteristics by using the SVI depends on the time increment: for
deflocculation the SVI will stop rising after several days, while for a bulking sludge the SVI
will continue rising. A microscope can be used to interpret deflocculation versus bulking
characteristics. Bulking sludge will exhibit filamentous organisms which can be identified
through the use of a microscopic predominance chart.
Pin Floc
At other times, very small, compact pin floc, usually less than 0.76 mm (0.03 in) in
diameter may be observed suspended throughout moderately turbid clarifier contents.
This is a strong indication that the sludge age may be too high, (sludge age may be
reduced by increasing the sludge wasting rate) the sludge may be overoxidized, or the
turbulence in the Biolac basin is too great, resulting in floc shear instead of floc formation.
This will be confirmed by a settleability test if rapidly settling discrete sludge particles
appear granular rather than flocculent and accumulate rather than compact while forming
a sludge blanket.
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The pin floc might be reduced by lowering the sludge age or reducing the turbulence in the
Biolac basin before the integral clarifier.
Maintenance
Maintenance of the Biolac System will mostly consist of equipment cleaning and
lubrication. All exposed parts of the basins should be washed frequently and scraped
occasionally to prevent the accumulation of odor-causing deposits, such as scum, solids,
algae, and fungi. Slime growths on concrete walls should be removed by scrubbing with a
course bristled brush and/or high pressure water nozzles as often as needed to prevent
foul odors and appearances. Remove any debris or floating material from the clarifier's
surface with a simple hand skimmer. Probe on a 5 year interval the aeration basins using
a sludge judge to determine if sludge or grit is accumulating in any particular area of the
basins. The clarifiers should be drained and inspected on an annual basis. Regularly
remove grease and scum that accumulates areas that the skimming mechanism misses.
The overflow weir must be maintained level and kept clean to achieve equal flow and even
velocities throughout the tank. Check the drive motor, bearings, and gears, and lubricate
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Be sure cover plates are in place
when they are not in use. Cleanliness is essential in the operation of the clarifiers.
Troubleshooting
Problem Solution
Unusual turbulence 1. Close the aeration chain butterfly valve.

2. If turbulence continues, check the diffuser sheath for
tears or damage. Clean off any obstructing material
and replace the diffuser if damaged.
Clogged diffuser sheaths 1. Flex diffuser by shutting off 2 or 3 aeration chains at

the same time.
2. Open the 3/4" ball valves which are located next to
the aeration chain's butterfly valve.
3. Close ball valve and open butterfly valve.
Septic conditions are present 1. Sludge needs to be wasted from the clarifiers.
causing odors 2. Add chlorine to the clarifiers. Use small doses
(about 2 mg/l) to prevent disruption of the activated
sludge process.
3. Be sure the clarifier walls and all other parts
exposed to wastewater are regularly hosed down to
prevent odors.
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The supernatant zone above 1. Sludge removal is insufficient. Increase sludge
the settled sludge is not clear withdrawal rate from the clarifier.
Sludge bulking (accumulation 1. Increase sludge withdrawal time.

and overflow with the effluent)
Plugging of sludge lines 1. Loosen compacted material manually or by jetting.

2. Backflush clogged pipelines.
3. Pump sludge more frequently.
Safety
Domestic sewage contains bacteria, some of which may cause illness in man, therefore,
precautions should be taken when working around the treatment Plant.
1. WASH EQUIPMENT that has been in contact with sewage, with a mild chlorine
solution.
2. CLEAN UP ANY SPILLED SEWAGE IMMEDIATELY.
3. GOOD HOUSEKEEPING is essential.
4. GOOD PERSONAL HYGIENE is important, (keep open wounds covered.)
5. DO NOT EAT, DRINK, OR SMOKE IN THIS AREA.
6. All personnel, when working in and around the basin and lagoons MUST WEAR LIFE
JACKETS.
7. All electrical equipment should have local disconnects so that service personnel may
shut down the equipment at the site of operation.
8. When entering a drained tank, use a harness and safety line to prevent falling.
9. Use lockouts and signs to discourage accidentally re-energizing equipment while

repairs are ongoing.
Blower Room – Control Building
The blower room of the control building contains five 75 HP blowers, each: Sutorbilt Model
# 7015, 1,629 SCFM @ 6.27 PSIG. The blower system provides aeration for the Biolac
basin. Additionally, the Building contains the Motor Control Center (MCC), the Main
Control Panel (MCP), service breakers, and transfer switches.
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Blowers
Operation
The blowers are automatically operated. Two blowers will supply sufficient energy to
completely mix the Biolac basins. Four blowers will supply sufficient aeration to maintain
the maximum dissolved oxygen level at approximately 2.0 mg/l when the Plant is loaded to
the design capacity. The average aeration basin dissolved oxygen level will be in the
range of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/l to promote denitrification. Five blowers are provided so that there
is a backup blower in the event of mechanical problems. The blowers should be manually
alternated weekly to promote even wear. Detailed startup procedures are presented in the
manufacturer's O&M manual.
Maintenance
The manufacturer's operation and maintenance manual contains detailed maintenance

instructions. These instructions are outlined here.
Lubrication: Unless operating conditions are unusually severe, a weekly check of oil levels
in the gearbox, with addition of oil as requires, should be sufficient. The oil should be
changed after the initial 100 hours of operation and a complete oil change after every
additional 2000 operational hours if synthetic oil is used or 1000 hours if regular oil is used.
The drive belts should be inspected for wear as part of each oil change.
Shaft seals should be replaced whenever drainage from the headplate vent cavity
becomes excessive or when the blower is disassembled for any reason.
Repair: Detailed instructions for replacing timing gears, shaft bearings, and impellers can
be found in the manufacturer's O&M manual.
Start-up: After a long shutdown, follow procedures in the O&M manual for correct removal
and replacement of grease.
Troubleshooting
The manufacturer's O&M manual has a detailed guide for mechanical problems. Refer to
these documents in the event of operational problems.
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Safety
1. Blower casing and associated piping or accessories may become hot enough to cause
major skin burns on contact.
2. DO NOT REACH into any opening in the blower while it is operating, or while subject to
accidental starting. Cover external moving parts with adequate guards.
3. DISCONNECT POWER before doing any work and use all safety and protective
devises. Lockout and tag power disconnection to minimize accidents.
4. If blower is operated with piping disconnected, place a strong coarse screen over the
inlet and avoid standing in the discharge air stream.
5. Stay clear of open inlet piping of pressure blowers, open discharge blast from vacuum
blowers, blast from pressure relief valves and the suction area of vacuum relief valves.
6. Avoid extended exposure to unsafe noise levels.
7. Casing pressure MUST NOT EXCEED 25 PSI (172 kPa) gauge. Do not pressurize
vented cavities from an external source, nor restrict the vents.
8. DO NOT USE air blowers on explosive or hazardous gases.
Electrical
Wiring System
All 480 volt Power Feeders, service feeder, and pump feeder power cabling were tested
prior to being placed into operation to determine their insulation resistance. The test
results have been recorded and filed as part of the Contractor's O&M submittals to be
used as a reference during any future testing.
Motors
All 3-phase motors installed by this contractor have been tested during construction for
voltage, current, and resistance. Motor test report forms have been completed by the
contractor and filed as part of the Contractor's O&M submittals including test results and
pertinent motor nameplate data for future reference.
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See Manufacturer's Operation and Maintenance Manual for manufacturer's maintenance
requirements on all motors.
Emergency Generator
The emergency generator is a Caterpillar Generator Set Model 3456, 400 bkW diesel
engine powered unit. It has its own local control panel and initiates alarms if trouble
develops. The generator does not have the capability to operate all of the Plant’s
equipment simultaneously. The following list shows the devices with generator
interlocks and their operation limitations:
Harmonic Conditioner 1 of the 1conditioner

UV 1 of the 1 UV systems
Control Bldg 1 of the 1 Control Bldg
Headworks Bldg 1 of the 1 Headworks Bldg
Vehicle Bldg 1 of the 1 Vehicle Bldg
Mechanical Screen 1 of the 1 Mechanical Screen
Grit/Scum Pumps: 1 of the 2 pumps
Flock Rakes: 6 of the 6 motors
Blowers: 2 of the 5 blowers
Fire Flow Pump: 1 of 1 pump
Irrigation Pump: 1 of 1 pump
Mechanical screen: 1 of the 1 screen
and miscellaneous 120/240V loads
Refer to the Manufacturers O&M Manual for further operation and maintenance details.
The manual is provided under a separate cover.
The generator set is equipped with a control panel which includes the
following:
Engine coolant temperature gauge

Engine lubricating oil temperature gauge
Engine lubricating oil pressure gauge
Engine running time meter
Battery charge ammeter
Engine/generator tachometer
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Ammeter-voltmeter phase selector switch
Frequency meter (45 to 65 hertz)
Voltage adjustment rheostat (minimum plus/minus 5%)
Individual indicating lights for:
Selector switch in OFF position
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Selector switch in AUTOMATIC position
High water temperature
Low water temperature
Low water level
Low lubricating oil pressure
Engine starting prohibited after three (3) cranking cycles
Overspeed
Generator run failure
High battery voltage
Low battery voltage
Battery charger failure
Low fuel alarm
Low fuel shutdown
A "Generator Trouble" alarm signal is sent to MCP for any of the conditions listed above
for individual indicating lights.
The three position selector switch:
a) In the automatic position - allows the engine to automatically start after a time delay
when contacts in the transfer switch control circuit close and stop after the control
circuit contacts open.
b) In the off position - prohibits starting of the engine.
c) In the test position - causes the engine to start and remain in operation until the
selector switch is moved to either of the other positions.
The automatic starting system controls operation of the engine starter motor until the
engine has started. The starting system includes manually adjustable timing circuits for
control of the time of operation of the engine starter motor. These timing circuits may be
adjusted manually with a screwdriver. The time required to disable the starter motor (after
the engine has failed to start) is adjustable along with the time delay to re-enable the
starter motor. The starting system enables the number of starting cycles to be manually
selected and prohibits operation of the starter motor if the engine fails to start after three
starting cycles. The starting system circuitry includes dry contacts for remote indication of
generator set running and not running conditions.
The engine emergency shutdown controls include sensors and control circuits which stop
operation of the engine under either of the following conditions:
a) Engine coolant temperature rises to a preselected value.

b) Engine speed rises to a preselected value.
c) Engine lubricating oil pressure drop to a preselected value.
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The control circuits prohibit subsequent restarting of the engine until a reset switch is
manually engaged.
The automatic transfer switch located in the control room has its own control switch and
exercise clock to automatically test the switch and generator system. Refer to the
manufacturer's manual for additional information.
A single 180-gallon capacity fuel tank is mounted internal in the generator enclosure base.
The fuel system includes the following:
a) Low level fuel alarm contacts for alarm annunciation at the MCP
b) Critical low fuel alarm for generator engine shutdown.
c) Rupture basin leak sensor
d) Manual fuel fill cap
e) Mechanical fuel level gage mounted on the fuel tank
f) Plastic sight glass.
Power Failure
If power to the Plant fails due to phase failure, low voltage, or outage, the auto-transfer
switch signals the generator to start, verifies proper voltage and transfers the treatment
plant loads to the generator power. When the normal power is restored, the transfer
switch re-transfers the load to the normal source. An internal clock on the transfer switch
exercises the generator and operates the transfer sequence for a minimum of 30 minutes
weeky. Refer to the manufacturer's manual for manual testing, initial time delay settings,
and transfer operation.
In-Plant Power Failure
There is a phase sensing relay in the ATS. If there is a phase fault, the relay interrupts the
control power to selected three-phase motor starter and stops the motors. (see above for
listing) When the power is restored, the motor circuits are re-enabled after a time delay.
There will also be a flashing window reading "Phase Failure" at the annunciator panel at
the Auxiliary Control Panel.
Control System
There are two modes of control for the devices in the Plant: Hand and Auto. The
grit/scum pump station has two Auto modes: (1) level control and (2) timed interval control.
Hand - allows the operator to manually operate any motor or valve regardless of the
control sequence operation.
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Auto - allows automatic starting or stopping motors, interlock equipment operation,
and alarm equipment failures.
Not all motors are intended to be operated automatically.
For a detailed description of interlocks and auto operation, refer to other sections covering
the equipment individually.
Treatment Plant Status Annunciation
Pump Control Panels - Indicating lights

a. Green - Equipment running
b. White - Control power available
c. Red - Solid, Overload failure
All of the indicating lamps listed above have push-to-test lamp test feature.
Minor Alarms
Minor alarms are displayed at the alarm annunciator panel on the front of the Auxiliary
Control Panel. Alarms are acknowledged by pushing the "alarm reset". Problems are to
be logged by the operator. The operator should walk to the equipment location in the
Plant, check the item that was shown on the alarm annunciator, and respond as
appropriate. Once the problem has been found and corrected, the annunciator light may
be cleared by pressing the reset push-button. CAUTION: Pressing the reset push-button
to clear an alarm will reset all alarm indicating lights at the Auxiliary Control Panel where
the failure has cleared. The following points will be monitored by the RTU.
1. Mechanical screen run

2. Mechanical screen fail alarm
3. Grit pumps station – Pump 1 fail alarm
4. Grit pump station – Pump 1 run
5. Grit pump station – Pump 2 fail alarm
6. Grit pump station – Pump 2 run
7. Grit pump station – Phase fail alarm
8. Grit pump station – Bubbler fail alarm
9. Grit pump station – Wet well level
10. Biolac control panel – Run status for each of 5 blowers
11. Biolac control panel – Fail alarms for each of 5 blowers
12. Biolac control panel – Rake Run status for each of 6 rakes
13. Biolac control panel – Rake Fail alarms for each of 6 rakes
14. Biolac control panel – Waste valve fail alarms for each of 2 valves
15. Generator – Common Fail alarm
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16. Generator – Common Trouble alarm
17. Generator – Low fuel alarm
18. ATS – In utility position
19. ATS – In generator position alarm
20. UV system trouble alarm
21. Common smoke alarm for 3 detectors
22. OIT alarm in blower room alarm
23. Eye wash alarm
24. Intrusion selector status
25. New building – Motion detector status for each of 3 detectors
26. Existing building – Motion detector for each of 3 detectors
27. Door switch status for 5 door switches
28. Potable well Run
29. Potable well Fail alarm
30. Irrigation well Run
31. Irrigation well Fail alarm
32. Low attic temp alarm
33. Effluent pH
34. Effluent DO
35. Influent flow
36. Influent pH
37. Influent conductivity
38. DO basin 1
39. DO basin 2
40. RAS 1 flow
41. RAS 2 flow
42. WAS 1 flow
43. WAS 2 flow
44. Common alarm output to new control building
Pump Alarms
All pump alarms (red lights) come in initially as a flashing red light at the respective pump
control panel. All pump alarms are individually indicated on the pump control panel and
“commoned” at the auxiliary control panel.
Possible causes for "Pump Fail" alarm are:
1. a blown fuse in the MSB

2. a tripped breaker in the MSB
3. a phase failure in the MSB
4. an overload, motor high temp, or motor moisture condition (all indicated at pump
control panel)
45
A single red light at the pump control panel indicates an associated failure with the device
in alarm. All pump failures are reset by pressing the reset button at the pump control
panel.
Pressing the reset push-button at the annunciator panel will OK any pump fail lights where
the alarm condition no longer exists. This reset push-button does not reset any motor or
input device.
Ultraviolet Disinfection Equipment
The integral clarifier sends effluent which still contains numerous bacteria to the UV
system. The UV treatment is a consistent and effective method of wastewater disinfection.
In the UV channel, wastewater effluents are exposed to ultraviolet light which inactivates
bacteria, and in turn, protects public health. This process is the final treatment of plant
effluent before discharge into the Rapid Infiltration Basins.
Operation
UV modules are the basic building blocks of the UV Treatment System. Disinfection takes
place within an array of lamps, which are enclosed in quartz sleeves attached to the
module inside a waterproof connector. All connecting wires are isolated and completely
protected inside the waterproof frame. The lamps are submerged in the liquid, parallel to
the flow. The size and number of UV modules required in a particular application is
determined by the flowrate, water/wastewater quality, and disinfection requirements. UV
modules are mounted in a stainless steel channel. Power supply to the UV modules is
provided through standard outdoor ground fault protected receptacles. The overflow weir
maintains correct water depth over the complete range of flowrates to be treated. A built in
drain facilitates channel cleaning.
UV Lamps
Each of the four UV banks consists of six modules placed in parallel at a distance of three
inches from each other. Each module consists of a stainless steel type 316 frame which
holds eight UV lamps 64" long. Mounted on top is an anodized extruded aluminum ballast
enclosure designed for easy handling by the person lifting the module out of the channel.
This enclosure contains the electronic ballasts (one for every two lamps) and the UV
module circuit board. The UV modules are held in the support frame with the aluminum
ballast enclosure above the water. The modules are connected to the Power Distribution
Center (PDC) through the connecting cable located at one end of the aluminum enclosure.
The UV lamps are enclosed in quartz sleeves and attached to the module at each end by
means of a sleeve cup and the formed leg of the module. The output of the lamps after
46
one year is approximately 65% of the output after the 100 hour burn-in period. This output
is further reduced to 58% at the end of two years. To ensure maximum performance from
the unit, it is essential that the quartz sleeves be kept clean. If coating is allowed to buildup
on the sleeves, the amount of UV light transmitted to the effluent will be reduced. The
presence of high levels of inorganic magnesium or calcium carbonates in a wastewater
stream may contribute to coating of the quartz sleeves.
Monitoring System
A submersible UV sensor continuously monitors the UV intensity produced in each bank of

UV lamp modules.
The System Control Center (SCC) should be set to alarm when the UV intensity drops
below certain set points. Typically, the initial low intensity warning setpoint is set at 2.8
mw/cm². This is done under the Setup, Alarm Setpoints screen.
Both displays utilize 7 segment displays and are visible through the panel door.
Exposure Time
Ultraviolet light kills bacteria and viruses by destroying their genetic material. The
performance of UV systems to disinfect water is expressed in terms of reduction of
bacteria counts to a certain allowable level, which depends on the requirements of the
specific application. The dose of UV light available to kill bacteria is measured in
microwatt-seconds/cm2, which is equivalent to the product of the light intensity and the
duration of exposure, or retention time. Any factor that affects light intensity of retention
time will affect performance.
Dose = Intensity ( W/cm2) x Retention time (sec)
Typically after one year of operation, the Trojan system is designed to deliver the design
dose that takes into account lamp fouling and aging.
Factors Affecting Performance
INTENSITY X RETENTION TIME = DOSE
INTENSITY RETENTION TIME

Water Quality Flow Rate
- UV Transmission Reactor Design
- Suspended Solids
- Level of Dissolved Organics
- Total Hardness
47
Lamp Condition
- Sleeve Cleanliness
- Aging
Maintenance
Cleaning Lamps
To ensure maximum performance, it is essential that the quartz sleeves containing the UV
lamps on the UV module be kept clean. If coating is allowed to build up on the sleeves the
amount of UV light transmitted to the water will be reduced. The cleaning interval for the
UV modules depends on the effluent quality. Quite often simply hosing off foreign matter
clinging to the unit will be all that is required. Always turn off the unit while cleaning the
modules and channel. Over a period, a coating will build up on the quartz sleeves and it
will be necessary to thoroughly clean them. The method of cleaning the sleeves is to
manually hand wipe them using a descaling solution such as Lime-A-Way. Rubber gloves
must be worn when performing this operation.
Replacing Lamps
Lamps are typically replaced every 13,500 hours of operation. The actual time between
replacements may vary according to the requirements of the user. To ensure that lamps
are replaced at the proper time it is best to replace all lamps in a scheduled operation and
to keep a record of the replacement date and elapsed time of the lamps. It is imperative
that lamp modules be unplugged before being removed from the unit. It is advisable to
maintain in stock at all times a number of lamps equivalent to 5% of the total in the system.
Safety
Each lamp in the UV module is a powerful source of ultraviolet light. UV light can cause
damage to unprotected skin and eyes, but it is safe when the proper precautions are
taken. The best protection is to prevent exposure to UV light. The UV modules pose no
health threat when submerged. If it becomes necessary to work with an open source of UV
light, gloves, protective clothing and UV face shield should be worn. Ordinary eye glasses
are not adequate protection. Neither are safety glasses with plastic lenses or goggles that
do not cover the entire face. No part of the body should be exposed to UV light. Exposure
to a burning UV lamp can damage eyes and skin.
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Sludge Wasting
The purpose of sludge thickening in the clarifier is to stabilize and consolidate sludge
generated within the treatment system. This process comprises the final treatment of
wasted sludge before discharge to the Long Term Sludge Digestion Basin.
The amount of sludge wasted from the Biolac Process is controlled by two electrically
activated valves (W.A.S. Gate Valve) and cycle timers (one for each aeration basin). The
sludge wasting rate, when the Plant is fully loaded (4 MGD), will be approximately 10,685
gallons per day, based on typical sludge production rates. The two W.A.S flow meters will
be used to control the sludge wasting rate and provide the total sludge wasted per day.
Long Term Sludge Digestion Basins (LTSDB)
To perform the function of long-term sludge thickening and digestion, four 4,104,000 gallon
(at 15’ depth) sludge basins are provided. Sludge will be wasted to the basins on a daily
basis to be reduced in quantity by long term digestion and dewatered through evaporation.
As an additional operation feature, the scum lines may be drained into the LTSDB’s when
scum build-up becomes a problem. In addition, after sediments begin to build-up inside
the grit basin, the Operator may drain the sediments to the grit/scum pump station and
pump sediments to the LTSDB’s.
Data from LTSDBs receiving Biolac sludge indicate that volatile solids in the sludge are
reduced to 30% through aerobic and anaerobic digestion and thickened to 3-4% solids.
Maintaining a 1-foot water cap over sludge layer has successfully prevented odor issues
at other LTSDBs. The operator should monitor the volatile solids in the LTSDBs and as
bottom sludge layer approaches 30% and 3% solids content the biosolids can be
applied to adjacent rangeland permitted for land application of biosolids. Biosolids shall
be tested in accordance with WAC 173-308 and Dunes Treatment Plant Statewide
General Permit for Biosolids Management.
Permit for Biosolids Management
Biosolids Land Application Permit

Ecology permitted (Ecology May 24, 2005 letter) the Dunes WWTP as a land
application site for City’s municipal wastewater treatment plant biosolids. The proposed
site will be used for both Larson WWTP and Dunes WWTP biosolids. The proposed
application site encompasses 193 acres of the City owned property around the Dunes
WWTP. No biosolids from sources other than the City of Moses Lake are proposed to
be applied to the site.
49
The Site Specific Land Application Plan and the Biosolids Sampling and Management
Plan are attached as Appendix G. The Site Specific Land Application Plan provides
specific information for agronomic rate determination, method of application, seasonal
timing of applications, soils sampling, vegetative sampling, and biosolids evaluation
report. The Biosolids Sampling and Management Plan provides specific requirements
for sampling, testing, and managing biosolids to be land applied.
2005 Biosolids Application

During August through December 2005 a total of 6,900 dry tons (dt) of biosolids (1,200 dt
from Larson WWTP and 5,700 dt from Dunes WWTP) was applied at the rate of 38
pounds of nitrogen per acre. The land application rate varied from 17.9 dt/acre to 36.4
dt/acre reflecting the range of nitrogen concentration of the various biosolids.
Future Biosolids Application

It is anticipated that after the initial application, biosolids will not be applied for at least 5
years. At their current loadings, the biosolids available for application in 5 years would
equal less than 25% of the initial application, or less than 1,250 tons. Data from the soil
and vegetative monitoring could change future application rates, locations, and methods.
Until the results of the initial application are available such recommended changes are not
known.
Rapid Infiltration
To perform the function of wastewater effluent disposal, the treatment plant is equipped
with Rapid Infiltration Basins. Eight basins, each with isolation valves, are to be
periodically rotated. Alternation periods between the eight basins are to be established at
the operator’s discretion, keeping in mind that an even distribution is desirable.
50
SAMPLING AND LABORATORY TESTING
Purpose and Intent
Effective wastewater treatment at the Dunes Plant depends upon maintenance of a

proper biochemical balance in the aeration basins and subsequent disinfection of
effluent. Laboratory data keeps the personnel informed of the Plant's efficiency and
helps in predicting problems that may be developing in the system. In order to meet
State of Washington Water Quality Standards for discharge to the Infiltration Basins as
required on the State Discharge permit, tests must be made and the results recorded
and reported to the State of Washington Department of Ecology. The lab samples will
be sent to a state certified laboratory for analytical services. The results of the
laboratory tests will be compared with regulatory standards for specific laboratory
parameters. For these reasons, it is essential that the field testing program at the plant
and lab produce complete and accurate results.
Sampling Procedures
The value of results from the laboratory testing of the wastewater is dependent upon the
sample being truly representative of the condition of the wastewater at the sampling
point. The operator is responsible for ensuring that all personnel who might participate
in the sampling program be personally instructed in the sampling techniques utilized at
the Dunes Treatment Plant.
General guidelines for wastewater sampling include:
1. Samples should be taken at locations where the wastewater is as completely

mixed as possible.
2. Particles greater than 1/4-inch diameter should be excluded when sampling.
3. Any floating materials, growths, etc., which may be present at a sampling
location should not be included in the sample.
4. Samples kept on site for more than one hour should be immersed in ice water or
placed in a refrigerator to retard bacterial action. Every effort should be made to
run tests in the samples immediately after sampling. However, when samples
must be stored to await testing, they should be refrigerated at 4°C as soon as
possible.
5. Proper sampling equipment should be used and safety precautions should be
exercised during all sampling.
6. Consideration should be given to the relationship between the Plant's daily flow
variation and detention time through the units so that influent and effluent
samples relate to the same waste.
51
Supplemental information regarding proper methods of sampling can be found in the
WEF MOP OM-1, WASTEWATER SAMPLING FOR PROCESS AND QUALITY
CONTROL, and other references listed herein.
Sampling Locations and Frequencies
The recommended sampling schedules presented in the following tables to provide data
for process control and State permit monitoring. Influent flow is measured prior to the
headworks. Average daily flows should be recorded daily and on a continuous basis.
Types of Samples
The operator will be required to take two types of samples: grab samples and
composite samples. A grab sample is a single withdrawal at one point in time. A
composite sample is a mixture of samples of equal volume or amounts that are in
proportion to the volume of flow. This type of sample is taken at selected time intervals
throughout one day (24 hours) to minimize the effect of variability. Grab samples are
normally taken for use in tests for DO, Settleable Solids, Fecal Coliform, and pH.
Ammonia, TKN, Nitrate, Suspended Solids and BOD tests require a composite sample.
These tests will be described in a later section of this chapter.
Sampling and Analysis Schedule
The recommended sampling and analysis schedule for the Dunes WWTP is presented
in Appendix F – State Waste Discharge Permit.
Laboratory References for Test Procedures
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Latest Edition.
EPA Publication, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastewater, (GPD Stock
No. 5501-0067), 1983.
WPCF Publication MOOl8PA, Simplified Laboratory Procedures for Wastewater

Examination, 1985.
Chemistry for Environmental Engineering, Sawyer and McCarty, McGraw-Hill, 3rd Ed.,
1978.
52
EPA Publication, Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in Water and Wastewater
Laboratories, Technology -Transfer, 1979.
WEF MOP OM-1, Wastewater Sampling for Process and Quality Control.
WPCF Manual for Practice No. 0M-1, Wastewater Sampling for Process and Quality.
WPCF Manual of Practice No. SM-1, Laboratory Management, 1981.
Laboratory Testing
This section contains descriptions of each laboratory test and explain its application to
the wastewater treatment plant. The laboratory/maintenance building houses the
laboratory equipment and chemicals necessary to perform these tests. Detailed
laboratory procedures may be found in the references listed in the preceding section.
Temperature
The temperature of the wastewater in the basin directly controls the treatment
efficiency. As the temperature decreases, the rate of BOD and Nitrogen removal will
decrease. Because the operator cannot control the temperature of the wastewater, he
must be aware of the effects that varying temperatures will have on process efficiency.
pH
The term pH is used to express the intensity of the acid or alkaline condition of a
solution. The pH scale is usually represented as ranging from 0 to 14, with pH 7
representing absolute neutrality. Acid conditions increase as pH values decrease, and
alkaline conditions increase as the pH values increase.
Independently, the pH test is not an indicator of need for specific corrective action within
the Plant, but is used as a corroborator with the tests for solids and oxygen. A pH of 7
is the condition under which organisms function best. A pH of less than 7 may suggest
anaerobic decomposition or a septic condition.
Alkalinity
The alkalinity represents the capacity of the water to neutralize acids. Although many
substances contribute to the alkalinity of water, the following three materials are of
primary significance; hydroxide, carbonates, and bicarbonates. These substances act
as buffers to the pH of the water by resisting pH drops resulting from acid addition.
Alkalinity test below 100mg/L indicate a need for process adjustment. In addition,
53
alkalinity test results are used as corroborators with the tests for nitrification, solids, and
oxygen. Alkalinity is consumed by the nitrification process. Depending on the alkalinity
of the water supply, the lack of alkalinity could possibly be a limiting factor.
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Dissolved oxygen represents the amount of oxygen in solution in a liquid. The solubility
of oxygen in fresh waters ranges from 14.6 mg/l at O0C to about 7 mg/l at 350C. The
solubility of oxygen is at a minimum when temperatures are high. In wastewater testing,
dissolved oxygen measurements are used to monitor aerobic conditions in receiving
streams, such as the Infiltration Basins, and to control the aerobic treatment process in
the basin. A minimum DO level of 0.5 mg/l should be maintained throughout each
basin.
Oxygen Utilization Rate
The oxygen utilization rate, also called oxygen uptake or respiration rate, is an
indication of the ability of the microorganisms in the mixed liquor to utilize available
oxygen. The dissolved oxygen concentration in a known volume of mixed liquor with a
known-concentration of suspended solids is measured at 60 second intervals over a
ten-minute period. The results are reported in mg O2/mg MLSS/hr. Oxygen utilization
by an aerobically digesting sludge is expressed in terms of mg O 2/mg VSS/hr, and is
called the specific oxygen utilization (U0). The results of this test are used to predict the
efficiency of the sludge digestion process.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
The BOD test is used to determine the oxygen needed to biologically stabilize the
organic matter present in the wastewater. It is the principal test to determine the
strength, in terms of oxygen required, of the wastewater. It is widely used to evaluate
the efficiency of many treatment processes. BOD test results are usually reported in
milligrams per liter (mg/l) of oxygen consumed at the end of a five-day test period.
These results are referred to as the 5-day BOD (BOD5).
Suspended Solids
The undissolved substances in wastewater are referred to as suspended solids or

suspended matter. This is a major parameter in evaluating wastewater strength and in
determining the efficiency of treatment processes. It is also used to estimate effects of
pollution on receiving streams, such as the Infiltration Basins. Suspended solids test
results are reported in terms of mg/l.
54
Volatile Suspended Solids
The volatile fraction of the suspended solids represents the organic matter present.
This test is accomplished by combustion of the suspended solids at a controlled
temperature. The loss in weight after combustion represents the volatile (organic)
component of the suspended solids. Analysis of the volatile suspended solids (VSS) in
mixed liquor is a good indicator of the number of microorganisms that are present.
30-Minute Settleability
The 30-minute settleability test consists of adding a one-liter mixed liquor sample into a
settlometer (clear glass cylinder) and recording the volume of settled sludge at five-
minute intervals for the first thirty minutes and ten- minute intervals for the second thirty
minutes. The standard test duration is one hour. Results of this test, reported in ml/l,
can assist the operator in assessing process efficiency by providing information on
sludge characteristics.
Sludge Volume Index
The sludge volume index (SVI) is used to assess the efficiency of the liquid- -solids
separation part (the clarifiers) of the activated sludge system. The SVI is determined by
dividing the result of the 30-minute settleability test after 30 minutes of settling by the
concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids. Results are reported in ml/g. The
lower the SVI, the better the settling quality of the mixed liquor. Good liquid-solids
separation results in a smaller volume of settled sludge and a lower pumping rate
required to keep the solids in circulation. The SVI is also used to detect the presence of
sludge bulking.
Fecal Coliform
The coliform group of bacteria is considered a reliable indicator of the adequacy of

treatment for bacterial pathogens. Tests for coliform bacteria are made on the
treatment Plant effluent and give an indication of its sanitary quality. The test shows the
presence of that portion of the coliform group found in the intestines of warm-blooded
animals. Effluent fecal coliform counts are used to assess the effectiveness of the Plant
UV disinfection system. Test results are reported in number of coliforms per 100 ml of
sample.
Nitrogen Tests
Nitrogen tests include total Kjeldahl (TKN), ammonia, and nitrate. TKN and ammonia
nitrogen are important components of biological oxygen demand. High nitrate
concentration (>10 mg/l) in drinking water is potentially harmful to human health. The
55
process is designed to oxidize TKN and ammonia. These tests are important indicators
of process performance. If ammonia concentrations increase in the effluent then
normally the sludge age needs to be increased. In addition, other parameters to check
are alkalinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, and the presence of inhibitory
substances in the influent.
56
APPENDIX A - PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE SYSTEM
Introduction
A well-operated treatment plant depends to a great extent on a good preventative

maintenance program. The City of Moses Lake Wastewater Treatment Plants must
operate twenty-four hours a day, every day of the year. Preventative maintenance is
most important to long life of the equipment and is necessary in order to qualify for
warranty protection. To maintain continued operation of the Plant when maintenance is
performed, some duplication of Plant equipment and functions has been provided for
operation flexibility.
Maintenance Records
Records of service, maintenance, and repair must be maintained in order to develop

historical data vital for planning purposes. Standardization of records and procedures
will reduce confusion in the use of these records. Good records will also permit the
determination of major or recurring problem areas where improved maintenance or
other appropriate action may be required.
Maintenance records shall be kept for each individual unit. All maintenance performed
on each unit must be recorded when it is performed.
Card File System
It is recommended that a maintenance card file system be used. This system may be
computerized if desired. Each item of equipment should have a set of two cards filed
alphabetically in a card file. These Equipment Cards should be provided to summarize
pertinent information from the equipment submittals and manufacturer's manuals. One
card contains Information about the manufacturer, model, capacity, bearings, drive,
seals, etc. The other card summarizes the electrical information. Each card also
contains lubrication information and the type and frequency of work to be done on the
equipment. The backs of the cards should be used to record the dates that any work is
performed, the type of work done, and the initials of the person performing the tasks.
Repair work as well as routine maintenance should be included on the card. The
purpose of the card system is to provide a complete record of all maintenance work
performed on every piece of equipment in the Plant. Sample cards are illustrated on the
following figures. The format and information presented in the figures may also be used
on the Plant computer system. A record of parts used and parts in stock should also be
on file with the equipment records. See Appendix G for major equipment data sheets.
57
City of Moses Lake – Dunes Wastewater Treatment Plant
EQUIPMENT CARD
ITEM
LOCATION: IMPELLER SIZE
DATE INSTALLED: IMPELLER NO:
MANUFACTURER: WEAR RING:
Address:
Phone:
Fax: MOTOR SHEAVE:
DRIVE SHEAVE:
VENDOR: BELT: Deflection:
Address:
Phone:
Fax: DRIVE:
COUPLING:
MODEL: BEARING:
MODEL NO: BEARING:
SIZE: PACKING:
SERIAL NO: SEAL: Lip Seal.
RATED CAPACITY: SHAFT:
RATED PRESSURE: CLEARANCES:
RATED RPM: Air Filter:
LUBRICANTS:
COMMENTS:
58
ELECTRICAL MOTOR EQUIPMENT CARD
ITEM
MANUFACTURER: SHAFT SIZE:
MODEL: KEY SIZE:
SERIAL NO: BEARING:
HORSEPOWER: BEARING:
SERVICE FACTOR: CIRCUIT BREAKER:
RPM: HEATER:
VOLTAGE: COIL NO:
HERTZ: CONTACT NO:
RATED AMPERAGE: ROTATION:
INITIAL AMPERAGE: LUBRICANTS:
PHASE: AMBIENT TEMP °C:
FRAME: TEMP RISE °C:
ENCLOSURE: INSULATION:
COMMENTS:
59
EQUIPMENT WORK RECORD
ITEM
Date Work Description Signature
60
Lubrication
Regular lubrication for all bearings and gears is one of the most important items in
preventing equipment failures and as such requires special mention. Manufacturer's
manuals contain lubrication schedules for each piece of equipment requiring lubrication.
There are three important considerations when lubricating machinery:
1. Do not let bearings or gears run dry. Know all the points to be lubed - follow the
schedule or, if operating conditions dictate, change frequency as necessary.
2. Do not over-lubricate. Too much lubricant causes anti-friction bearings to overheat

and may damage grease seals. In motors, over-lubrication may damage windings,
which may result in motor failure.
3. Use the correct lubricant. The type and grade of lubricant is affected by the
composition of metal used in bearings and gears, the use of equipment, and
operating conditions such as ambient temperature.
Equipment Maintenance
Pumps
Pumps are probably the most important pieces of equipment in the treatment plant. An
understanding of individual pump capacities and construction is important. During
normal operational evaluation it is possible to estimate wastewater flow based on the
pumping time alone. These estimated flow rates may also be used to test the pump
efficiency and, when compared to the manufacturer's pump capacity curve, to check the
capacity of the pump. If the observed pump capacities do not match the curve, then
repair of the pump may be required. Detailed information including nameplate data,
maintenance and specific pump capacity curves are included in the manufacturer's
catalogs.
Daily inspection of the grit/scum pump station should be performed. Each pump should
be checked for correct operation. Special attention should be given to any unusual
noise or vibration from the pumps or motors. All control equipment should be kept clean
and in good working order. At periodic intervals (refer to manufacturer's operation
instructions) the pumps should be serviced. A careful inspection of the pump and motor
should be conducted to identify wear or any damaged parts. Replacement of parts or
troubleshooting should be performed according to the manufacturer's operation and
maintenance manual.
61
From time to time it is advisable to check current electrical consumption by means of an
ammeter. A constant current reading indicates normal operation. Occasional current
fluctuations indicate the presence of solids in the pump fluid as they pass the pump.
A general overhaul of a pump is usually required in the case of defective bearings or

motor. Overhaul should be performed at a manufacturer's authorized service shop.
Care of the pumping equipment cannot be over-emphasized. A breakdown of pumping

equipment may mean general degradation of the treatment process and ultimate
decline in quality of treated effluent. Therefore, it is advisable that the operator become
thoroughly familiar with the manufacturer's operation and maintenance manuals.
Electrical Equipment
The treatment plant cannot operate continuously without a planned maintenance

program to keep all electrical units functioning efficiently. It is known that 90 percent of
motor failures are due to four causes: dirt, moisture, friction, and vibration. A routine
cleaning program eliminates dirt. Anti-moisture precautions are effective in combating
moisture. Proper oil and grease tend to eliminate friction. Regular daily observations
should check for tightness and to see that moving parts are free, contact pressure firm,
and shunts unfrayed. Controls should also be checked to see that they are operating at
rated voltage and amperage. Most important of all is to see that all electrical controls
are kept dry.
Major Process Equipment
All mechanical equipment must be kept in perfect working order. Moving parts should
be regularly lubricated, and pipes should be maintained open and free from obstructions
and accumulations of any sort. All gates and valves should be exercised every 3
months. A complete cleaning of each unit should be done at regularly scheduled
intervals, if it can be taken out of service without seriously affecting subsequent
treatment. Structures such as channels, tanks, and wet wells should be dewatered on
an annual basis for inspection and protective coatings applied as necessary. For
metals and concrete in contact with wastewater sludge, coal tar epoxies are to be
utilized.
Spare Parts
Refer to the manufacturer's manuals for listings of spare parts available for each piece
of equipment.
62
Tools
Good maintenance depends upon the availability of proper tools to do the job. An
important consideration in caring for a good stock of tools is to have regular places of
storage for them. It is suggested that maintenance tools and supplies not be placed any
farther than 100 to 200 feet away from the location where they will be used. Tool
boards with specialized or frequently used tools should be located with appropriate
equipment where required. Specialty tools and delicate instruments should be stored in
the Main Control Building.
Painting
The aesthetic quality and structural integrity of the treatment plant are enhanced by
painted surfaces. Paint provides a protective coating against weathering and corrosion
by wastewater. A painted surface is more easily cleaned.
Oxygen dissolved in wastewater combines with iron to form iron oxide (rust). Hydrogen
sulfide gas emitted from the wastewater surface in the basins, clarifiers, and digester
combines with moisture in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid that will attack
unprotected surfaces. Metal surfaces must be painted to prevent these types of
corrosion.
Paint on all structures and equipment should be evaluated annually to determine if

refinishing is required. Repainting should be done with an industrial grade of paint that
is sufficiently durable to withstand the corrosive environment at the Plant. All surfaces
should be thoroughly cleaned and all loose dried paint and rust removed before
repainting.
Instrument Calibration
It is necessary that the flow meters and laboratory equipment be serviced and
recalibrated on a regular basis to ensure that they give accurate readings. Coating of
the transducers by wastewater could cause attenuation of the flow meters' signal and
produce inaccurate flow data. The transducers in the flow meters should be removed
and inspected semi-annually. Recalibration should also be performed at this time. The
laboratory balance requires service at least annually.
Maintenance Schedule Outline
It is the responsibility of the Plant operator to incorporate a regular preventative

maintenance program into the routine work schedule based on the guidelines presented
63
in this appendix and the information provided in the manufacturer's manuals for each
piece of equipment in the Plant.
The tasks outlined in this section serve as a minimum recommended list of maintenance
tasks from which a detailed checklist of routine operation can be developed by
experience. All equipment manufacturer's maintenance requirements, as given in their
operation and maintenance manuals, must be incorporated into the working schedule.
Daily Maintenance
Control Building
1. Check annunciator lights to determine if all equipment is operating normally.
2. Record blower running times.
3. Check flowmeter recorder to see if new chart is required.
4. Check alarm lights for the grit/scumpump station on the Pump Station Control Panel.
5. Maintain clean, orderly working environment.
6. Check temperature and pressure gauges on blower discharge lines.
7. Check UV system for UV intensity and burned out bulbs.
Pump Stations
1. Check wet well for materials that could potentially clog pumps. Remove as
necessary.
2. Visually inspect wiring and float level sensors for proper operation.
3. Check pumps for correct operation. Note and report unusual vibration and noise
when running. Check motors for overheating. Look for oil leaks.
Aeration Basins
1. Observe aeration operation. Note any unusual turbulence.
2. Clear debris from diffuser.
Clarifier
1. Operate skimming device to remove scum.
2. Hose down clarifier walls and weir troughs.
3. Check sludge wastage valve operation.
General Plant
1. Maintain clean, orderly appearance of buildings and grounds.
2. Neatly store unused tools, parts, and equipment.
64
Weekly Maintenance
Pump Stations
1. Inspect arm position of the check valves. Check valves should be open when the
pump is operating and closed completely when the pump is shut down.
Emergency and Portable Generators

1. Check fuel, oil, and coolant levels and fill as needed.
Influent Structure
1. Check basins near weirs for sediment accumulation. Remove sediment if
necessary.
2. Inspect helical screen elements.
Quarterly Maintenance
General Plant
1. Exercise all gates and valves in the plant.
Semi-Annual Maintenance
Influent Structure
1. Pivot the filter screen out of the channel for routine maintenance as specified in
manufacturer's manual.
Biolac System
1. Perform maintenance as outlined in the manufacturer's manual.
UV Treatment System
1. Drain and clean if solids are present.
Flow Meter
1. Check calibration.
Electrical System
1. Test each alarm condition to determine if all systems are operational. Replace light
bulbs and take remedial action if necessary.
2. Inspect Motor Control Center. Badly worn or pitted contacts should be replaced.
Annual Maintenance
1. Perform annual maintenance specified in manufacturer's manuals.
65
Information provided in this appendix is not comprehensive. It is intended to serve as
an initial guide to the operator for setting up a routine work schedule. It is
recommended that the operator formulate his own abbreviated list from the material in
this appendix and print it on a checklist sheet for the purpose of recording items
performed. This will be of particular value for new personnel not familiar with the Plant.
Modifications and/or additions to the work schedule will be made as the operator gains
experience in maintaining and operating the Plant.
66
APPENDIX B - SAFETY RULES AND REGULATIONS
Introduction
The Dunes WWTP contains potential hazards that are present in any industrial Plant, as
well as special hazards related specifically to the wastewater treatment process.
Occupational hazards associated with the operation of mechanical and electrical
equipment exist in any industrial setting. Hazards that are unique to wastewater
treatment plant are associated with the characteristics of wastewater. It should be kept
in mind at all times that raw sewage is infectious and that anaerobic sewage generates
noxious, explosive, and oxygen-replacing gases.
Consequently, the telephone numbers of several local physicians, the nearest hospital,
police and fire departments, ambulance services, and rescue squad should be posted at
the phone in the Main Control Building.
SAFETY IS ONE OF THE TREATMENT PLANT EMPLOYEES'

MOST IMPORTANT RESPONSIBILITIES!!!
The operator should take necessary steps to protect himself and others from known and
unknown dangers at the Plant site. This section discusses some of the common
hazards encountered by Plant personnel . Personnel are alerted that information
contained herein is not comprehensive.
Safety Regulations
Two State of Washington publications which contain guidelines for safe working
conditions and health standards should be on file in the Plant office. Each employee
should be acquainted with their general contents. They are entitled:
1. General Safety Standards, WAC 296, Chapter 25.

2. Occupational Health Standards, WAC 296, Chapter 62.
General Plant Safety
1. PREVENT FALLING! KEEP ALL AREAS CLEAR AND CLEAN. Pick up all
loose objects, tools, trash, ladders, hose, etc. Clean up all oil or grease spills
immediately. This is especially important when working above the basin. A fall
into the basin would prove most unpleasant and even disastrous.
67
2. PREVENT BODY INFECTIONS AND DISEASE. Wash hands. Wear gloves
when working on or near sewage equipment or collecting samples. Keep food
and drink in office areas.
3. USE COMMON SENSE WHEN MOVING OR LIFTING HEAVY OBJECTS. Use

proper equipment. Lift with your legs - not your back.
4. NEVER WORK ON EQUIPMENT WITHOUT locking it out at push buttons or

circuit breaker. Tag main circuit breaker.
5. KNOW WHERE SAFETY EQUIPMENT IS AND USE IT.
6. KNOW LOCATIONS OF ALL FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND HOW TO USE

THEM.
7. DON'T DO IT ALONE! It takes two people to work in a confined space such as a

manhole.
8. ALL INJURIES, EVEN SCRATCHES AND SKIN ABRASIONS, MUST BE

REPORTED AND FIRST AID GIVEN. An entry MUST be made in the daily log
giving time and nature of accident or injury.
9. BE CONTINUALLY ALERT TO SAFETY CONDITIONS AROUND THE PLANT!

If something is out of place or not working, fix it.
10. HAZARDOUS AREAS. Certain hazardous areas require special attention.

Safety rules and precautions for these areas must be followed.
11. IT IS EVERYONE'S RESPONSIBILITY TO REPORT IMMEDIATELY ANY

SAFETY HAZARD OR UNSAFE CONDITION!
Sampling Safety
Caution must be exercised when sampling to avoid infection or injury. Please observe
the following rules.
1. RUBBER GLOVES should be worn when handling samples.
2. WASH HANDS WITH SOAP before eating or smoking.
3. LOCK OUT AND TAG mechanical equipment that could present a hazard to an
operator taking a sample.
68
Electrical Safety
1. LOCK OUT AND TAG main switch of electrical equipment before working on it.
2. DO NOT REMOVE TAG without first checking with person who initiated the tag.
3. NOTIFY PLANT FOREMAN in the event a motor circuit breaker trips out.
4. DO NOT OPEN MOTOR CONTROL PANELS unless you are trained and authorized
to perform the work.
5. REPORT AND LOG any unusual motor noise, vibrations, etc.
69
APPENDIX C - PERSONNEL
Purpose and Intent
To ensure that the treatment plant is operated efficiently and economically, it is

necessary to employ qualified personnel. The purpose of this section of the O&M
manual is to describe the manpower requirements for the treatment Plant.
Personnel Qualifications For Treatment Plant Operator
The permanent treatment Plant operator is required to perform the operation, regulation,
maintenance, and process functions in the treatment Plant and pump stations. The job
also requires the performance of additional related work. As an example, the treatment
Plant operator performs, records, and analyzes routine laboratory tests and modifies
Plant operations in accordance with the test results. The operator also controls the flow
of sewage and its components to insure operational process efficiency; operates and
regulates sludge collection and treatment; performs all types of maintenance; maintains
the records necessary for effective maintenance of the process machinery and
equipment.
Effective operation of the treatment Plant requires that the operator possess knowledge
of Plant operation process, equipment, and controls. Ability to operate all processing
equipment and to utilize laboratory tests in making necessary process modifications, as
well as developing and maintaining orderly records, are also necessary.
An operator of the Dunes Wastewater Treatment Plant must have education and
experience sufficient for carrying out the procedures described in this manual and in the
references provided. Operator certification is required. The Plant is a very large
investment, and, as such, needs to be run as efficiently as possible by a knowledgeable
operator.
Certification
For the Dunes WWTP an operator certified for at least a Class 3 plant by the State of
Washington shall be in responsible charge of the day-to-day operation of the
wastewater treatment plant. An operator certified for at least a Class 2 plant shall be in
charge during all regularly scheduled shifts.
70
APPENDIX D - RECORDS AND REPORTS
Purpose and Intent
Maintaining a complete and accurate set of records is very important to the treatment
Plant's continuing operational efficiency. Records provide to the operator an Indication
of trends in the treatment process that may assist in predicting future operating
performance. The purpose of maintaining records are summarized below:
1. Evaluating Plant operation. Review of operating records can indicate Plant

efficiency and help pinpoint past or future problems. This information may be
used as a guide in the upgrading or modification of treatment units and
equipment.
2. Determining maintenance frequency of operating units. These records are also

necessary qualifications for warranties issued by manufacturers.
3. Supporting budget requests for personnel, treatment units, or equipment to assist

the City of Moses Lake officials in arriving at annual budget estimates.
4. Protection against damage suits to the City, especially during emergencies.
5. For use in reports required by the State Department of Ecology for water
pollution protection and public health safety.
6. For public and administrative officials.
Records
Process Operation/Performance Records
It is recommended that the operator keep a daily log of all laboratory tests conducted,
all operational action taken, and any required data. Entries in the log should be made
twice daily, preferably in the early morning and late afternoon, when the operator
conducts his routine inspection. Data should be recorded on worksheets located in the
Main Control Building.
71
Daily Operating Log
It is good practice to maintain a daily operating log. Entries should be clearly and
concisely made as they often describe important situations with potential legal
ramifications. The log should be bound to prevent the destruction or alteration of the
records. Information recorded in the daily log should include, but not be limited to:
1. Date and time of entry.
2. Performance data.
a. Plant influent, WAS, and RAS flows.
b. Equipment running time.
c. Dissolved oxygen levels in each aeration basin.
d. Temperature and pH in each aeration basin.
3. Atmospheric conditions.
a. Air temperature.
b. Rainfall.
c. Cloud cover.
d. Severe weather conditions.
4. Changes in routine duties.
5. Changes in operating mode, including actions taken to control or correct

processes.
6. Accidents involving personnel.
7. Complaints.
8. Plant Visitors.
9. Major pump or equipment failure.
Entries should be dated and signed.
Maintenance Records
A discussion of maintenance records is found in Appendix A.
72
Safety Records
Every accident, injury, or illness occurring on the job must be immediately reported and
recorded. A form must be filled out and kept on record for five years for review by the
Department of Labor and Industries.
Physical Plant Records
The following records were provided when the treatment plant was built and describe in
detail the entire Plant. These records are:
1. Design Drawings: A full set of record engineering drawings showing structural,

architectural, mechanical, and electrical features of the Plant.
2. Installation-Operations-Maintenance Catalogs: These describe the capacity,

size, and functions of the various pieces of equipment which were placed within
the Plant. The compilation of literature from the manufacturers includes shop
drawings of the original installation. They provide useful data on parts,
capacities, and dimensions.
3. This Operations and Maintenance Manual: This manual provides under one
cover all of the essential material regarding the administration, management,
operation, and maintenance of the Plant. It covers design data, flow diagrams,
and discussions of emergency plans and procedures, as well as operation
strategy. The appendix of the manual includes several supporting documents
relating to the operation of this Plant.
The above records are located at the City of Moses Lake, the COF Building, and at the
Dunes WWTP.
Reports
Reports differ from records in that they are always submitted to someone as evidence of
operation. Records, on the other hand, remain at the Plant and should be retained for
at least three years as evidence or back-up data for the information contained in a
report.
State Report
A monthly operation report must be filed with the Washington State Department of
Ecology (WDOE) and submitted to the above department's office in Spokane. Special
73
instructions for using and filling in the required data are included in the instructions by
the WDOE. The State monthly report should be sent to the following location:
Eastern Regional Office

Department of Ecology
Water Quality Section
N. 4601 Monroe, Suite 100
Spokane, WA 99205-1295
Annual Report
It is suggested that an annual report be prepared and submitted at the end of each
fiscal year to the Moses Lake City Council summarizing the past year's operations and
making recommendations for the coming year. In general, the report should contain the
following:
1. Title Page,
2. Letter of Transmittal,
3. Table of Contents,
4. Description of Plant Operation highlighting events that occurred in each month,
5. Maintenance Information,
6. Summary of Plant Operation Efficiency Parameters,
7. Recommended Capital Expenditures for the coming year.
Useful graphs could also be included to illustrate in summary form the important
quantities of flow received, and BOD5 & Suspended Solids removed. A brief summary
could also be included on the safety and accident program, including results.
The permit requires that the permittee shall submit an Annual Wasteload Assessment
report, as defined by permit condition S.4.C.
Annual Biosolids Report to Ecology

An annual biosolids report is required to be submitted to the Department of Ecology and
must address the following sections:
A. Facility Information
B. Biosolids Or Sewage Sludge Production & Management
C. Lagoon Solids Accumulation Or Lagoon Storage
D. Biosolids Quality
E. Attachments
F. Annual Report Form Certification Statement
74
Biosolids Evaluation Report to Ecology
For the Fall 2005 initial application of biosolids an evaluation report will be prepared and
submitted to Ecology. The report should be submitted by December 2006 and will
summarize the sampling and analytical results. Additionally, the report will use the
results as a basis to develop recommendations for future biosolids application methods,
locations, and loading rates.
75
APPENDIX E - EMERGENCY PLANS AND PROCEDURES
Introduction
The operator must be prepared to act in the event of an emergency situation which
might cause damage to the wastewater collection system or create a health hazard in
the receiving waters or in the City of Moses Lake. Emergency planning is essential to
insure continued effective operation of the Plant during such emergencies. However,
should such damage occur or a health hazard be created, the operator must
immediately report it to the Washington State Department of Ecology.
Emergency Response Plan
An emergency response plan is necessary to ensure continued operation of the Plant

under any emergency condition. The plan may be based upon the following response
procedures:
1. Analyze all emergencies to determine the proper course of action.

2. Implement protection measures where applicable.
3. Dispatch pretrained crew where applicable.
4. Check spare parts inventory before ordering parts.
5. Take the unit processes out of operation only as a last resort.
6. Keep down-time to a minimum.
7. Critique the response plan.
It is recommended that a unit process priority list be made. In an emergency situation,

this list will serve as a guide for quick response to the situation. The following is a
sample priority list for emergency conditions. Items are listed in order of priority.
1. Restore power supply.

2. Maintain aeration and wastewater pumping.
3. Check influent structure.
4. Check Biolac System.
5. Check UV disinfection system.
76
Emergency Operation Procedures
Power Failure
In the event of a general power failure, an emergency generator located in the Main
Control Building will automatically start to provide power to the treatment Plant.
Operation of the generator under emergency power conditions should be according to
the manufacturer's operation and maintenance manual. Close supervision of generator
fuel levels and power production is required to maintain reliable treatment Plant
operation. Upon resumption of normal power, the automatic transfer switch will transfer
the load back to the normal source. After transfer to the normal electrical supply, all
motors will start automatically if their automatic mode is calling them to start.
Flooding
The Plant is constructed to an elevation above the 100 year floodplain elevation. The
land surrounding the Plant is also above the 100 year floodplain. Flooding is not
expected to be a potential hazard for this plant.
Earthquakes
Fire due to gas line ruptures are normally the worst danger associated with an
earthquake, other than structural damage. There are no gas lines at the Plant site. The
structures are primarily reinforced concrete, steel frame buildings, and a membrane
lined basin which are resistant to earthquake damage. After an earthquake assess the
structural damage and make arrangements for repair.
Fires
In case of fire, the first action to take is to get all personnel away from the fire and to a
safe place. Then call the Fire Department. The WWTP Control Buildings and vehicle
shed are equipped with an automatic fire sprinkler system.
Explosions
After an explosion, the first action to take is to shut off the source of the explosion and
ignition sources to prevent further explosions. The only fuel associated with the plant is
the diesel fuel for the WWTP generator. Provide care for any injured persons and then
leave the area. Call the Fire Department. Keep people a safe distance from the site of
the explosion.
77
Freezing
During freezing conditions it is important to break up ice around the outlet works and
weirs of the influent structure, the Biolac basin, the integral clarifier, and the infiltration
basin outfalls.
78
Emergency Notification Schedule
Responsible Plant Personnel Telephone Number
Dunes Wastewater Treatment Plant 766-9258
City Hall
Municipal Services Department 766-9217
Engineering Division 766-9218
Central Operations Facility (COF) 766-9229
Injury-Fire-Explosion 911
Moses Lake Police Department 911
Grant County Crisis Response Unit 911
Utilities (Grant Co. PUD)

Larry Schwab (509) 766-2520
Electrical Repair
Cascade Mountain Electric, Inc. (425) 373-0036
Department of Ecology - Violation of Discharge Permit

Wayne Peterson (State Waste Dis. Permit Manager) (509) 329-3518
DOE (Eastern Regional Office, Receptionist) (509) 329-3400
DOE (Olympia, Receptionist) (360) 407-6000
DOE (Spokane, Richard Koch) (509) 329-3519
Prevention of Emergency Conditions
The operator is responsible for preventing conditions that may result in emergency
situations arising from poor maintenance, negligent operation, and accidents. Carefully
following the preventive maintenance program should eliminate equipment breakdown
caused by poor maintenance practices.
79
APPENDIX F - STATE WASTE DISCHARGE PERMIT
80
APPENDIX G – SITE SPECIFIC LAND APPLICATION PLAN
81
APPENDIX H – EQUIPMENT DATA SHEETS
82
APPENDIX I – YARD PIPING SCHEMATICS
83

Operation and Maintenance Manual: City of Moses Lake

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OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

CITY OF MOSES LAKE

WILSON ENGINEERING, L.L.C.

VOLUME 2 - PARKSON BIOLAC TREATMENT SYSTEM MANUAL (VOL. 1 & 2)

PART I - General Installation Instructions

VOLUME 3 - MANUFACTURER’S OPERATION & MAINTENANCE LITERATURE

VOLUME 4 – DUNES WWTP RECORD DRAWINGS

SAND DUNES WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

PHASE II – BIOSOLID FACILITY IMPROVEMENTS

Purpose of Treatment Plant

Grit Basin/Skimmer Effluent Pump Station

Purpose and Intent

Water Level Operating Mode

Low Water Alarm: Minimum Submergence Required by Pump Manufacturer

Timed Interval Operating Mode

The pump station may be considered to be operating normally when:

For All Pump Stations Remarks

2. Check maintenance records. Verify that all preventive maintenance has

6. Check pumps Listen for unusual noises, vibration. Check for

7. Check alarm systems Observe pumping cycle to be sure alarm

3. Close valves B. Turn control switch to "OFF" position

4. Close the motor circuit breaker if it is open.

1. Check for clogs. Remove as necessary.

2. Examine the impeller for wear. Replace if damaged.

Pumping rate inadequate

1. Be sure pump is sufficiently submerged.

3. Be certain that the valves are fully open.

Impeller wear and cavitation

1. Replace impeller ring if necessary.

2. Cavitation is a sign of hydraulic design problems. Check for clogs.

Gravity Line Blockage

It is suggested that a preventative maintenance schedule be implemented for all pumps

Manholes and Pump Stations

1. PROVIDE ADEQUATE VENTILATION. A portable non-sparking blower should be

2. PROVIDE ADEQUATE ILLUMINATION. The use of an electric explosion-proof lantern

5. BE CAREFUL ABOUT FOOTING.

6. USE BUCKET AND ROPE to lower tools and equipment.

8. NEVER SMOKE OR STRIKE MATCHES in the vicinity of any enclosure where

9. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT is contained in the pump stations. Any time equipment or

The WWTP is an extended aeration activated sludge plant. Raw wastewater is

Grit Removal & Mechanical Screening

Hycor Helisieve Unit

Helisieve Modes of Operation:

Press Zone Spray Wash Modes of Operation:

Return Activated Sludge

The manufacturer's operation and maintenance manual contains detailed maintenance

Check drive unit oil level weekly.

Wash down submerged parts of screen semi-annually.

As in any area where wastewater is present, it is important to maintain good personal

Biolac Wave Oxidation Treatment Process

F/M Ratio 0.055

Actual Oxygen Requirements (AOR) per Aeration Basin:

2.0 MGD * 215 mg/l BOD * 8.34 = 3586 lbs. BOD/day

1.5 lbs O2/lb of BOD removed

2.0 MGD * 24 TKN mg/l * 8.34 = 400 lbs. TKN/day

4.6 lbs O2/lb. of TKN removed (standard)

(C-ST) Saturated Adjustment for Depth of Aeration

C-ST = CSM * (BP + (0.433 * DWD * F)) / 14.7 = 9.6681

Standard Oxygen Requirement (SOR):

SOR = lbs. O2/hr. AOR 287/Alpha * (C-SW - C-L / C-S20) * (Theta^T-20)

SOR = 559 lbs. O2/hr

The required air is supplied by 4, 75 HP blowers. A fifth blower is provided for

Aeration Basin Design