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Objectives
Value-Added
GPRS (ps) Services
Core Network (WAP)
GSM/GPRS PLMN network entities
BSS NSS
BTS
TRAU MSC/VLR GMSC PSTN/
BSC ISDN
MS BTS
EIR HLR AC
BTS TRAU
BSC
BTS classical
circuit
BSS switched
GSM
GSM/GPRS PLMN network entities
BSS NSS
We have to transfer
BTS user data between
GPRS-MS and external
TRAU MSC/VLR GMSC PSTN/
Packet Data Networks
BSC ISDN
(PDN).
MS BTS
What kind of network
elements are required? EIR HLR AC
corp.
BTS TRAU network
BSC PDN
GPRS BTS
MS
WAP
BSS
GSM/GPRS PLMN network entities
BSS NSS
BTS
TRAU MSC/VLR GMSC PSTN/
BSC ISDN
MS BTS
EIR HLR AC
corp.
BTS network
TRAU
BSC GGSN PDN
GPRS BTS
MS
BSS WAP
HLR Extensions
GSM/GPRS PLMN network entities
BSS NSS
BTS
TRAU MSC/VLR GMSC PSTN/
BSC ISDN
BTS
MS
EIR HLR AC
corp.
BTS TRAU network
IP-
BSC SGSN backbone GGSN PDN
GPRS BTS
MS
internal transmission WAP
BSS
network based on IP
protocol; L1 and L2 are
not specified
GSM/GPRS PLMN network entities
BSS NSS
BTS
TRAU MSC/VLR GMSC PSTN/
BSC ISDN
BTS PCU
MS
EIR HLR AC
corp.
BTS TRAU network
IP-
BSC SGSN backbone GGSN PDN
GPRS BTS PCU
MS
WAP
BSS
cs resources ps resources
BSC PCU
cs Radio Resource ps Radio Resource
Management Management
Um
Where can the PCU unit be located?
Gb
BTS BSC site SGSN site
CCU
PCU
CCU
Abis
BTS BSC site SGSN site
CCU
PCU
CCU
Gf Ge
Gd Gr Gc
Gs
GGSN External
Gi packet
BSC SGSN network
Gn
Gb Ga
Ga
CG
Gn
Air (Um) Gp
BG Inter-PLMN
SGSN Gp GPRS
backbone
• E
x How is GPRS seen by an external network?
t
e• External point of view, GGSN is a router to an IP network
r• When the GGSN receives data addressed to a user in the mobile network, it first
n
checks if the address is active
a
– If it is, GGSN forwards the data to the SGSN serving the mobile
– If the address is inactive, the data is discarded
p
Host
Internet 131.44.15.3
o Router
i
Host Router LAN
155.222.33.55
n
t
Container
User User
SGSN packet packet GGSN
User
packe
t t
cke User
r pa
Use pack
et
MS SGSN GGSN
GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP)
GTP tunnel between SGSN and GGSN
• Carrying signalling and user traffic
• Hiding backbone from Internet and the MSs
BTS BSC • Mobility management
SGSN • Tunnel Endpoint Identifier TEID= 32 bit
value
BTS BSC
SGSN
Gn Gi
APP
USER GPRS
PAYLOAD TCP/UDP Backbone
IP IP Network
GTP L2
UDP L1 GGSN Internet
IP
L2 FW
L1
Gn Gi
Backbone Internet
GGSN functionalities
HLR
MSC/
VLR
BTS BSC
SS7
SGSN
GPRS
Core GGSN Server
Network Internet
Application Layer
APP Transport layer
USER Tunnelled
PAYLOAD TCP/UDP Network layer
payload
IP
GTP L2 Public
UDP GPRS tunnel L1 Data Network
IP Layers 1 & 2
GPRS
Backbone L2 Transport layer
Layers 1 & 2 L1 Network layer
Key points
• The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN):
– acts as the interface between the GPRS network and external networks
– collects charging data and traffic statistics
– can allocate IP addresses for users
– routes packets coming from external networks towards the correct SGSN and
vice versa
• Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN):
– converts protocols used in the IP backbone to protocols used in the BSS and
the MS
– takes care of authentication and mobility management
– routes data to the relevant GGSN when connection to an external network is
required
– collects charging data and traffic statistics
Key points
• The most important open interfaces in the GPRS network are:
– Gb - SGSN to BSS
– Gn - between GSNs (GTP)
– Gr - between SGSN and HLR (MAP)
– Gs - SGSN to MSC (BSSAP+)
– Gi - GGSN to external data networks
– Gf - SGSN and the EIR (MAP)
– Gd - SGSN and the GMSC (SMSC)
– Gp - between GSNs of different PLMNs
– Ge - SGSN-SCP
• The user packets are transported encapsulated using the GPRS Tunnelling
Protocol (GTP) over the GPRS backbone. The backbone is an IP network.
Gb Interface: Frame Relay
Gb interface using point-to-point FR
Gb interface using point-to-point FR