Q1In a digital transmission, signal degradation can be improved using

A. Filter
B. Amplifier
C. Regenerative repeater
D. All of the above

Answer: C

Q2Quantizing noise (quantization noise)

A. decreases as the bits per sample decreases

B. decreases as the bits per sample increases
C. decreases as the sample rate decreases
D. decreases as the sample rate increases

Answer: B

Q3The bit rate for each channel in DS-1 is:

A. 1.544 Mbps
B. 64 kbps
C. 56 kbps
D. 8kbps

Answer: A

Q4The Nyquist rate can be expressed in:

A. C = Blog2(1+S/N)
B. C = 2Blog2(M)
C. I = ktB
D. fS = 2fMAX

Answer: D

Q5The immediate result of sampling is:

A. PCM
B. PAM
C. PWM
D. PPM

Answer: B

Q6What is the minimum required number of samples per second to digitalize an analog signal
with frequency components ranging from 300 Hz to 3300 Hz?

A. 600 samples/sec
B. 3300 samples/sec
C. 6600 samples/sec
D. 6000 samples/sec

Answer: C

Q7What is the Shannon Limit of a channel that has a bandwidth of 4000 Hz and a signal-to-noise
ratio of 15?

A. 16 kbps
B. 32 kbps
C. 64 kbps
D. None of the choices

Answer: A

Q8Use Hartley's Law to find how much time it would take to send 100,000 bits over a channel
with a bandwidth of 2,000 Hz and a channel constant of k = 10.

A. 0.5 secs
B. 500 secs
C. 5 secs
D. None of the choices

Answer: C

Q9These are the bits added to a digital signal to help the receiver detect the beginning and end of
data frames.

A. Synchronization bits
B. Framing bits
C. Bit Padding
D. Parity

Answer: B

Q10A series of pulses in which the amplitude of the information signal at a given time is coded as
a binary number.

A. PAM
B. PSK
C. PPM
D. PCM

Answer: D

Q11Speed at which data is transmitted in a digital communication system.

A. Bit Rate
B. Baud Rate
C. Transmission Rate
D. Symbol Rate

Answer: A

Q12Digital modulation scheme that represents a bit pattern by a change in phase from the
previous state.

A. QAM
B. PSK
C. Phase Modulation
D. PPM
Answer: B

Q13The telephone local loop that combines analog telephone service with data communications

A. HDSL
B. SHDSL
C. ADSL
D. VDSL

Answer: C

Q14Codec stands for

A. Compress-Decompress
B. Coder-Decoder
C. Coded Carrier
D. Control-Decode

Answer: B

Q15Distortion created by using too low sampling rate when coding an analog signal for digital
transmission

A. Aliasing
B. Overload Distortion
C. Sampling Error
D. Quantization Error

Answer: A

Q16For a resolution of 0.04 V, determine the voltage for a linear 7 bit sign-magnitude PCM code
as 0000011.

A. +0.04V
B. -0.04V
C. +0.12V
D. -0.12V

Answer: C

Q17Most common compression value for µ-law

A. 87.6
B. 100
C. 255
D. 300

Answer: C

Q18The number of levels required in a PCM system whose SNR is 40 dB

A. 32
B. 64
C. 128
D. 256
Answer: C

Q19The DC component problem is handled in AM through ______

A. Transition at the beginning of each bit interval

B. Transition at the middle of each bit interval
C. Alternate positive and negative amplitude for the 1 bits
D. Alternative positive and negative amplitude for
the 0 bits

Answer: C

Q20Bipolar violation

A. Represents a zero bit followed by one bit

B. Occurs when two successive pulses have the same polarity and are separated by a zero level
C. Occurs when two successive pulses have the same polarity and are separated by one level
D. Represents as one bit followed by a zero bit

Answer: C

Q21How many voice channels are supported in an E-1 line?

A. 24
B. 30
C. 60
D. 300

Answer: B

Q22Which of the following uses modulo-11 in implementation

A. CRC
B. LRC
C. ISBN-10
D. ISBN-13

Answer: C

Q23Statistical TDM is also known as

A. Asynchronous TDM
B. Synchronous TDM
C. Isochronous TDM
D. Multilayer TDM

Answer: A

Q24Bandwidth efficiency for 16 QAM with a rate of 10

Mbps

A. 1 bit/cycle
B. 2 bits/cycle
C. 3 bits/cycle
D. 4 bits/cycle
Answer: D

Q25Determine the minimum bandwidth for 16-QAM modulator with an input bit rate of 20 Mbps

A. 5 MHz
B. 10 MHz
C. 15 MHz
D. 20 MHz

Answer: A

Q26What is the value of net susceptance at resonance?

A. Equal to one
B. Equal to zero
C. Equal to 1/R
D. Is greater than 1

Answer: B

Q27What is the voltage gain in dB at the break frequency?

A. 0 dB
B. -3 dB
C. 1 dB
D. 0.707 dB

Answer: B

Q28It is the continued exchange of energy in an AC circuit that produces a damped sine wave at
the resonant frequency

A. Skin Effect
B. Damping Effect
C. Capture Effect
D. Flywheel Effect

Answer: D

Q29A parallel LC circuit has the following values: L = 100 µH and C = 67 pF, and a Q = 150. What
is the bandwidth?

A. 1.94 MHz
B. 12.96 kHz
C. 13.16 kHz
D. 1.5 MHz

Answer: B

Q30What is the difference in phase of the source voltage and the line current at resonance?

A. +90 degrees
B. -90 degrees
C. 0 degrees
D. 180 degrees
Answer: C

Q31What is the range of Intermediate frequencies used in AM receivers?

A. 535 kHz 1605 kHz

B. 54 MHz 216 MHz
C. C. 88 MHz 108 MHz
D. 450 kHz 460 kHz

Answer: D

Q32Frequencies that are generally referred to as light

A. Ultraviolet
B. Visible Light
C. Infrared
D. Optics

Answer: B

Q33Determine the noise current for a diode with a forward bias current of 1 mA and over a 100-
kHz bandwidth.

A. 2.4 mA
B. 5.6 nA
C. 11.8 nA
D. None of the choices

Answer: B

Q34All kinds of two-way radio communication take place in this frequency band.

A. MF
B. UHF
C. VHF
D. HF

Answer: C

Q35Determine the wavelength of a signal whose frequency is 500 MHz.

A. 0.6 m
B. 0.7 m
C. 0.8 m
D. 0.9 m

Answer: A

Q36Both FM and PM are types of what kind of modulation?

A. Pulse Modulation
B. Digital Modulation
C. Angle Modulation
D. Amplitude Modulation

Answer: C
Q37What is the approximate frequency of the modulating signal having a bandwidth (using
Carson's rule) of 15 kHz and a frequency deviation of 6 kHz.

A. 1.5 kHz
B. 7.5 kHz
C. 9 kHz
D. 3 kHz

Answer: A

Q38The primary disadvantage of FM is

A. Noise immunity
B. Simple circuitry
C. Excessive use of spectrum space
D. Frequency instability

Answer: C

Q39A 100 MHz carrier is deviated 50 kHz by a 4 kHz signal. The modulation index is

A. 2
B. 12.5
C. 25
D. 50

Answer: B

Q40What is the amount of carrier swing necessary to produce an 80% modulation for FM
broadcasting?

A. 180 kHz
B. 120 kHz
C. 240 kHz
D. 60 kHz

Answer: B

Q41A modulator circuit performs what mathematical operation on its two inputs?

A. Addition
B. Multiplication
C. Division
D. Subtraction

Answer: B

Q42In the designation of bandwidth and emission, what letter in the first symbol represents an
SSBC signal?

A. J
B. B
C. H
D. R
Answer: A

Q43A bandwidth of 6 MHz becomes available for assignment. Determine the number of AM
stations that could be broadcast simultaneously if the maximum modulating frequency is limited to
5 kHz.

A. 600
B. 1200
C. 300
D. 3000

Answer: A

Q44An antenna transmits an AM signal having a total power content of 15 kW. Determine the
power being transmitted at each of the sidebands when the percent modulation is 85%.

A. 2709 W
B. 5418 W
C. 4950 W
D. 1990 W

Answer: D

Q45The type of AM signal that is used in TV broadcasting is called ____.

A. B8E
B. C3F
C. F3F
D. F3C

Answer: B

Q46Indicate the false statement regarding the advantages of SSB over double sideband, full
carrier AM.

A. More channel space available

B. Transmitter circuit must be more stable, giving better reception
C. The signal is more noise-resistant
D. Much less power is required for the same signal strength

Answer: B

Q47When the modulation index of an AM wave is doubled, the antenna current is also doubled.
The AM system being used is _____

A. H3E
B. C3F
C. J3E
D. A3E

Answer: C

Q48Indicate which one of the following advantages of the phase cancellation method of obtaining
SSB over the filter method is false:

A. Switching from one sideband to the other is simpler

B. It is possible to generate SSB at any frequency
C. SSB with lower audio frequencies present can be generated
D. There are more balance modulators; therefore, the carrier is suppressed better.

Answer: D

Q49The image frequency of a super heterodyne receiver

A. Is created within the receiver itself

B. Is due to insufficient adjacent channel rejection
C. Is not rejected by the IF tuned circuits
D. Is independent of the frequency to which the receiver is tuned

Answer: A

Q50One of the main functions of the RF amplifier in a super heterodyne receiver is to

A. Provide improved tracking

B. Permit better adjacent-channel rejection
C. Increase the tuning range of the receiver
D. Improve the rejection of the image frequency

Answer: C

Q51When the modulating frequency is doubled, the modulation index is halved, and the
modulating voltage remains constant. The modulation system is ____.

A. Amplitude Modulation
B. Phase Modulation
C. Frequency Modulation
D. Any one of the three

Answer: C

Q52Indicate which one of the following is not an advantage of FM over AM:

A. Better noise immunity is provided

B. Lower bandwidth is required
C. The transmitted power is more useful
D. Less modulating power is required

Answer: B

Q53In the spectrum of a frequency modulated wave

A. The carrier frequency disappears when the modulation index is large

B. The amplitude of any sideband depends on the modulation index
C. The total number of sidebands depend on the modulation index
D. The carrier frequency cannot disappear

Answer: A

Q54The difference between the phase and frequency modulation

A. is purely theoretical because they are the same in practice

B. is too great to make the two system compatible
C. C. In the poorer audio response of the phase modulation
D. lies in the different definitions of the modulation index

Answer: D

Q55Indicate the false statement. From the transmitter, the signal deterioration because of noise is
usually ____

A. Unwanted energy
B. Predictable in character
C. Present in the transmitter
D. Due to any cause

Answer: B

Q56A (75 j50) load is connected to a coaxial transmission line of Zo = 75, at 10 GHz. The best
method of matching consists of connecting

A. A short circuited stub at the load

B. An inductance at the load
C. A capacitance at some specific distance from the load
D. A short circuited stub at some specific distance from the load.

Answer: B

Q57The velocity factor of a transmission line.

A. Depends on the dielectric constant of the material used

B. Increase the velocity along the transmission line
C. Is governed by skin effect
D. Is higher for a solid dielectric than air

Answer: A

Q58For a transmission line load matching over a range of frequencies, it is best to use a

A. Balun
B. Broadband directional coupler
C. Double Stub
D. Single stub of adjustable position

Answer: C

Q59Indicate the true statement below. The directional coupler is

A. A device used to connect a transmitter to a directional antenna

B. A coupling device for matching impedance
C. A device used to measure transmission line power
D. An SWR measuring instrument

Answer: C

Q60Frequencies in the UHF range normally propagate by means of

A. Ground waves B. Sky waves

B. Surface waves
C. Space Waves

Answer: D

Q61Tropospheric scatter is used with frequencies in the following range

A. HF
B. VHF
C. UHF
D. VLF

Answer: C

Q62The ground wave eventually disappears, as one move away from the transmitter, because of

A. Interference due to sky wave

B. Loss of line of sight conditions
C. maximum single hop distance limitations
D. tilting

Answer: D

Q63Electromagnetic waves are refracted when they

A. Pass into a medium of different dielectric

constant
B. Are polarized at right angles to the direction of propagation
C. Encounter a perfectly conducting surface
D. Pass through small slot in a conducting plane

Answer: A

Q64Helical antennas are often used for satellite tracking at VHF because of

A. Troposcatter
B. Superrefraction
C. Ionospheric refraction
D. Faraday's effect

Answer: D

Q65Diffraction of electromagnetic wave

A. Is caused by reflections from the ground

B. Arises only with the spherical wave fronts C. Will occur when the waves pass through a large
slot
C. May occur around the edge of a sharp obstacle

Answer: D

Q66Indicate the antenna that is not wideband:

A. Discone
B. Folded Dipole
C. Helical
D. Marconi
Answer: D

Q67Indicate which of the following reason for use of an earth mat with antennas is false:

A. Impossibility of a good ground connection

B. Provision of an earth for the antenna
C. Protection of personnel working underneath
D. Improvement of radiation pattern of the antenna

Answer: C

Q68The standard reference antenna for the directive gain is the

A. Infinitesimal Dipole
B. Isotropic Antenna
C. Elementary Doublet
D. Half wave dipole

Answer: B

Q69Top loading is sometimes used with an antenna in order to increase its

A. Effective height
B. bandwidth
C. beam width
D. input capacitance

Answer: A

Q70One of the following is not an omnidirectional antenna

A. Half wave dipole

B. Log periodic
C. Discone
D. Marconi

Answer: B

Q71Indicate the false statement. The SWR on a transmission line is infinity; the line is terminated
in

A. A short circuit
B. A compound impedance
C. An open circuit
D. A pure resistance

Answer: D

Q72Impedance inversion may be obtained with

A. A short circuited stub

B. An open circuited stub
C. A quarter wave line
D. A half wave line
Answer: C

Q73Indicate which one of the following terms applies to troposcatter propagation

A. SIDs
B. Fading
C. Atmospheric storms
D. Faraday Rotation

Answer: B

Q74In electromagnetic waves, polarization

A. Is caused by reflection
B. Is due to the transverse nature of the waves
C. Results from the longitudinal natures of the waves
D. Is always vertical in an isotropic antenna

Answer: B

Q75As electromagnetic waves travel in free space, one of the following can happen to them:

A. Absorption
B. Attenuation
C. Refraction
D. Reflection

Answer: B

Q76The absorption of radio waves by the atmosphere depends on

A. Their frequency
B. Their distance from the transmitter
C. The polarization of the waves
D. The polarization of the atmosphere

Answer: A

Q77An antenna that is circularly polarized is the

A. Helical
B. Small circular loop
C. Parabolic reflector
D. Yagi-uda

Answer: A

Q78One of the following is very useful as a multiband

HF receiving antenna. This is the

A. Conical Horn
B. Folded Dipole
C. Log-periodic
D. Square Loop

Answer: C
Q79Which of the following antenna is best excited from a waveguide?

A. Biconical
B. Horn
C. Helical
D. Discone

Answer: B

Q80Indicate the false statement. When the free space wavelength of a signal equals the cutoff
wavelength of the guide

A. the group velocity of the signal becomes zero

B. the phase velocity of the signal becomes infinite
C. the characteristic impedance of the guide becomes infinite
D. the wavelength within the wave guide becomes
infinite

Answer: C

Q81Which organization has authority over interstate and international commerce in the
communications field?

A. ITU-T
B. IEEE
C. FCC
D. ISOC

Answer: C

Q82What oscillator frequency is needed to heterodyne 626 kHz up to 3.58 MHz?

A. 2.954 MHz
B. 4.832 MHz
C. 4.210 MHz
D. 2.328 MHz

Answer: A

Q83The best insulation at UHF is:

A. Black rubber
B. Bakelite
C. Paper
D. Mica

Answer: D

Q84A transmitter is required to deliver 100 W to an antenna through 5 m of coaxial cable with a
loss of 3 dB / 100 m. What must be the output power of the transmitter, assuming the line is
matched?

A. 136 W
B. 153 W
C. 151 W
D. 116815 W

Answer: A

Q85IS-95 system uses direct sequence spread spectrum with a chipping rate of

A. 1.23 MHz
B. 200 kHz
C. 500 MHz
D. 10.7 MHz

Answer: A

Q86How often will hand-offs occur when vehicle travels through a CMTS at 100 km per hour
speed if the distance between cell sites is 10 km?

A. 6 mins
B. 12 mins
C. 395 sec
D. 10 hrs

Answer: B

Q87An ambulance travels down a highway at a speed of 75.0 mi/h with its siren transmitting a
sound with a frequency of 400 Hz. What frequency is heard by a passenger in a card traveling at
55 mi/h in the opposite direction as it approaches the ambulance?

A. 443 Hz
B. 475 Hz
C. 339 Hz
D. 345 Hz

Answer: B

Q88A satellite receives an uplink frequency of _____

MHz from a ground station of 3700 MHz

A. 8150 MHz
B. 1475 MHz
C. 2225 MHz
D. 5925 MHz

Answer: D

Q89A telephone exchange has a subscriber loop limit of 1800 ohms, excluding the telephone
instrument. What is the farthest distance, in miles, that a subscriber can be located away from the
telephone exchange if AWG 26 cable, which has a resistance of 4.31 ohms/loop mile, is used?

A. 5.95
B. 8.18
C. 3.9
D. 4.18

Answer: D

Q90The minimum depth for an underground entrance conduit under areas used for vehicular
traffic inside private property

A. 300 mm
B. 600 mm
C. 50 mm
D. 1 m

Answer: B

Q91How much time in seconds is saved if we use Touch Tone Dialing instead of Pulse Dialing to
call telephone number 781-10- 05?

A. 3.55
B. 7.75
C. 7.55
D. 7.15

Answer: B

Q92With attenuation limit at 6 dB, what is the length of cable using gauge 26 with attenuation of
1.61 dB per km

A. 1.3 km
B. 4.7 km
C. 3.7 km
D. 2.5 km

Answer: C

Q93The backboard color for the house or riser cable

A. Yellow
B. White
C. Blue
D. Red

Answer: A

Q94OC-1 (STS-1) line rate is

A. 51.84 Mbps
B. 1.544 Mbps C. 3 Mbps
C. 2.048 Mbps

Answer: A

Q95Duration of vertical blanking

A. 1333 us
B. 10.2 us
C. 2.5 us
D. 63.5 us

Answer: A

Q96CATV superband channel

A. J
B. KK
C. GG
D. V

Answer: A

Q97A three-stage amplifier is to have an overall noise temperature no greater than 70 K. The
overall gain of the amplifier is to be atleast 45 dB. The amplifier is to be built by adding a low-
noise first stage with existing characteristics as follows stage 2 has 20 dB power gain 3 dB noise
figure. Stage 3 has 15 dB power gain and 6 dB noise figure. Calculate the maximum noise figure
(in dB) that the first stage can
have

A. 0.267 dB
B. 0.56 dB
C. 1.235 dB
D. 0.985 dB

Answer: A

Q98In measuring noise in a voice channel at a -4 dB test point level, the meter reads -70 dBm.
Convert the reading into pWp.

A. 53
B. 93
C. 63
D. 83

Answer: C

Q99A phase modulator has Kp = 2 rad/V. What RMS voltage of a sine wave would cause a peak
phase deviation of 30 degrees?

A. 0.158 V
B. 0.185 V
C. 0.518 V
D. 0.815 V

Answer: B

Q100What are the three major oscillator circuits often used in radio equipment?

A. Taft, Pierce, and Negative Feedback

B. Colpitts, Hartley and Taft
C. Taft, Hartley and Pierce
D. Colpitts, Hartley, and Pierce

Answer: D

Q101Hearing loss due to non-occupational noise sources

A. g. household noises, TV, and road traffic

B. Presbycusis
C. Sosiocusis
D. Nasocusis
E. Oldysicus

Answer: B

Q102A mechanism used by hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram problems back
to the sender

A. IGMP
B. UDP
C. TCP/IP
D. D. ICMP

Answer: D

Q103Which technical specification group does not belong to 3GPP working organizations?

A. TSG SA Service and System Aspects

B. TSG CN Core Network
C. TSG EFA Error Function Aspects
D. TSG T Terminals

Answer: C

Q104The main benefit of the HSCSD feature compared to other data enhancements introduced
is that it is

A. The maximum data rate is limited to 64 kbps

B. Up to eight times the bit rate on the single slot full-rate traffic channel
C. The maximum data rate in these early networks
D. An inexpensive way to implement higher data
rates

Answer: D

Q105Are intended to carry either encoded speech or user data

A. Multiplexed channel
B. B. Traffic channel
C. Association Channel
D. Central Channel

Answer: B

Q106A scheme in which the transmitter alternatively uses the two antennas to transmit bursts or
to decorrelate the fading profile of each alternate burst

A. Frequency hopping
B. Frame hopping
C. Antenna hopping
D. Time hopping

Answer: C

Q107Refers to its spatial diversity where transmission or reception is performed simultaneously at

two or more base station and used to combat fast fading
A. Macrodiversity
B. Microdiversity
C. Space diversity
D. Spatial diversity

Answer: A

Q108It is the work-effort that is required to provide a given spectral efficiency at a given grade of
service

A. Spatial efficiency
B. Operational efficiency
C. Strategical efficiency
D. Light efficiency

Answer: B

Q109It provides MAC enhancements to support LAN applications with CoS requirements

A. IEEE 802.16
B. IEEE 802.11e
C. IEEE 802.16.2
D. IEEE 802.12a/b

Answer: B

Q110It suffers a known plaintext attack recovering the pseudorandom string by XORing the
plaintext and ciphertext of challenge, which can be eavesdropped
from the air

A. Deciphering
B. Key Management
C. Mutual authentication
D. Shared-key authentication

Answer: D

Q111Introduced the term PAN to denote a communication between proximal electronic devices by
using the body as a conduct for information

A. Zimmerman
B. Shockley
C. Shannon
D. Torricelli

Answer: A

Q112How can we represent the number 21 in one's complement arithmetic using only four bits

A. 10
B. 12
C. 13
D. 14

Answer: A
Q113The telephone receiver, as a converter of electrical energy to acoustic energy, has
comparatively low efficiency on the order of

A. 2% to 3%
B. 10% to 15%
C. 20% to 35%
D. 40% to 50%

Answer: A

Q114In Digital Network Performance Requirements, a blocking probability of ____ is the Quality
of Service (QoS) objective. With judicious of alternative routing, a blocking probability of 0.005
might be expected

A. B = 1
B. B = 0.01
C. B = 0
D. B = Infinity

Answer: B

Q115For North American DTMF Code, the digit "2" has

____ Multifrequency Push-Button Tone

A. 852 Hz, 1477 Hz

B. 852 Hz, 1209 Hz
C. 624 Hz, 1776 Hz
D. 697 Hz, 1336 Hz

Answer: D

Q116It is required to match a 73-ohm antenna to a 600 ohm polyethylene coaxial feeder line, with
a velocity factor of 0.66 by means of a quarter wave matching a transformer. At a frequency of
150 MHz, the impedance of the matching section is ____ ohms.

A. 209.28
B. 310.5
C. 150.28
D. 450.82

Answer: A

Q117A Fade Margin of 28 dB has a reliability of

A. 99%
B. 99.9%
C. 99.99%
D. 99.999%

Answer: B

Q118A wave propagated in a parallel plane waveguide. The frequency is 6 GHz and the plane
separation is 3 cm. The cut-off wavelength for the dominant mode, the group and phase velocity
are:
A. 6 cm, 166 Mm/sec, 543 Mm/sec
B. 6 cm, 106 Mm/sec, 543 Mm/sec
C. 6 cm, 543 Mm/sec, 166 Mm/sec
D. 6 cm, 543 Mm/sec, 106 Mm/sec

Answer: A

Q119A satellite communication link between Pinugay Earth Station, Philippines and Mt. Fucino
Earth Station, Italy is to be established. If the assigned uplink frequency at Panugay Earth Station
is 6175 MHz, what is the downlink frequency at Mt.
Fucino Eart Station, in MHz?

A. 4545
B. 3950
C. 3789
D. 4200

Answer: B

Q120If the frequency fed to the pre-amplifier of a basic transmitter with multipliers is composed of
a pair of triplers and a doubler is 196 MHz, what frequency should the oscillator operate?

A. 11 MHz
B. 33 MHz
C. 22 MHz
D. 66 MHz

Answer: A

Q121When microwave signal follows the curvature of the earth, this is known as:

A. Faraday Effect
B. Ducting
C. Tropospheric Scatter
D. Ionospheric Reflection

Answer: B

Q122A half-wave dipole antenna is capable of radiating 1kW and has a 2.15 dB gain over an
isotropic antenna. How much power must be delivered to the isotropic (omnidirectional) antenna,
to match the field strength directional antenna?

A. 1640 W
B. 1550 W
C. 1320 W
D. 1730 W

Answer: A

Q123The direction of rotation of a CD is

A. clockwise
B. anti-clockwise
C. clockwise or anti-clockwise depending on the frequency of data stored
D. mostly anti-clockwise but sometimes clockwise
Answer: A

Q124It is a solicitation from the primary to a secondary to determine if the secondary has data to
transmit

A. Selection
B. Error Control
C. Polling
D. Master Control

Answer: C

Q125A 9600-baud rate signal can pass over the voice grade telephone line if which kind of
modulation is used

A. BPSK
B. DPSK
C. QPSK
D. QAM

Answer: D

Q126The analog signal m(t) is given below m(t) = 4 cos 100t + 8sin 200 + cos 300t, the Nyquist
sampling rate will be

A. 1/100
B. 1/300
C. 1/200
D. 1/600

Answer: B

Q127The characters making up the message in a synchronous transmission are collectively

referred to as the data

A. Set
B. Block
C. Sequence
D. Collection

Answer: B

Q128In a Laplace transform, multiplication by e-at in time domain becames

A. translation by a in s domain
B. translation by (-a) in s domain
C. multiplication by e-as in s domain
D. none of the above

Answer: A

Q129In a TV receiver antenna, the length of reflector rod

A. is the same as that of dipole

B. is less than that of dipole
C. is more than that of dipole
D. may be equal, more, or less than that of dipole

Answer: C

Q130A radio station works at 800 kHz and uses AM. If this is a public broadcast system, it should
transmit using

A. parabolic reflector to transmit all round

B. turnstile antenna for the required land
C. half wave long horizontal wave
D. D. a vertical antenna less than quarter for practical reasons

Answer: D

Q131Entropy gives

A. measure of uncertainty
B. rate of information
C. average information
D. probability of information

Answer: A

Q132The noise performance of a square law demodulator of AM signal is

A. better than that of an envelope detector

B. better than that of a synchronous detector
C. identical with that of a synchronous detector
D. poorer than that of an envelope detector

Answer: B

Q133Which of the following is correct?

A. The bit rate may be greater than the baud rate

B. The baud rate may be greater than the bit rate
C. The bit and baud rate are always the same
D. The bit and baud rate are not related

Answer: A

Q134Function of data link protocol that coordinates hopto-hop data delivery where a hop may be
a computer, a network controller, or a network-connecting device such as router.

A. Flow Control
B. Line Discipline
C. Error Control
D. Selection

Answer: B

Q135Which one is a linear system?

A. y[n] = x[n] x x[n-1]

B. y[n] = x[n] + x[n-10]
C. y[n] = x2[n]
D. (A) and (C)

Answer: B

Q136A form of switching which is stored and forward

A. Packet switching
B. Message switching
C. Circuit switching
D. Digital switching

Answer: B

Q137Which of the following is an indirect way of generating FM?

A. Armstrong modulator
B. Varactor diode modulator
C. Reactance FET modulator
D. Reactance bipolar transistor

Answer: A

Q138In a multiplexing system similar to conventional time-division multiplexing except that it was
developed to be used with optical fibers

A. SONET
B. ATM
C. Frame relay
D. X.25

Answer: A

Q139The data rate for IEEE 802.11b is ____.

A. 10 Mbps
B. 2.048 Mbps
C. 1.544 Mbps
D. 11 Mbps

Answer: D

Q140The result whenever the sampling rate is less than twice the highest audio frequency

A. Peak limiting
B. Overload distortion
C. Alias
D. Quantizing noise

Answer: C

Q141Ten bit error occurs in two million transmitted. The bit error rate is

A. 2 x 10-5
B. 5 x 10-6
C. 5 x 10-5
D. 2 x 10-6
Answer: B

Q142If output power of a radio receiver is doubled, its volume is increased by ____ dB.

A. 2
B. 1
C. 3
D. -3

Answer: C

Q143It is a function of the carrier-to-noise power ratio and the number of possible encoding
conditions used

A. probability of error
B. error control
C. error detection
D. bit error rate

Answer: A

Q144To eliminate ghosts in the picture

A. Use a longer transmission line

B. Connect a booster
C. Change the antenna orientation or location
D. twist the transmission line

Answer: C

Q145Sixteen different levels (symbols) are used to encode binary data. The channel bandwidth is
36 MHz. The maximum channel capacity is

A. 18 Mbps
B. 288 Mbps
C. 72 Mbps
D. 2.176 Gbps

Answer: B

Q146What is the minimum bandwidth required to transmit a 56 kbps binary signal with no noise?

A. 14 kHz
B. 28 kHz
C. 56 kHz
D. 112 kHz

Answer: B

Q147Which of the following does not cause losses in optical fiber cables?

A. Stepped index operation

B. Impurities
C. Microbending
D. Attenuation in glass
Answer: A

Q148It is the thermal noise power normalized to 1-Hz bandwidth

A. Power density ratio

B. Thermal noise
C. Noise power density
D. Ambient temperature noise

Answer: C

Q149Any rounded-off errors in the transmitted signal are reproduced when the code is converted
back to analog in the receiver.

A. Aperture error
B. Quantization error
C. Aperture distortion
D. Slope overload

Answer: B

Q150As per Shannon-Hartley theorem, a noiseless

Gaussian channel has

A. zero capacity
B. infinite capacity
C. small capacity
D. none of the above

Answer: B

Q151T1 stands for

A. Transmission One
B. Telecommunication One
C. Telex One
D. Transmission Line One

Answer: A

Q152Fourier analysis indicates that a square wave can be represented as

A. A fundamental sine wave and odd harmonics

B. A fundamental sine wave and even harmonics
C. A fundamental sine wave and harmonics
D. Fundamental and subharmonic sine waves

Answer: A

Q153The OSI layer that provides the control functions necessary to establish, manage, and
terminated the connections as required to satisfy the user request

A. Application layer
B. Network layer
C. Session layer
D. Physical layer

Answer: C

Q154Which of the following steps is not included in the process of reception?

A. Decoding
B. Storage
C. Encoding
D. Interpretation

Answer: B

Q155Amplitude modulation is the process of

A. Super imposing a low frequency on a high frequency

B. Super imposing a high frequency on a low
frequency C. Carrier interruption
C. Frequency shift and phase shift

Answer: A

Q156What type of mastergroup that can be further multiplexed and used for higher-capacity
microwave radio systems?

A. A600
B. L600
C. U600
D. L400

Answer: C

Q157In order to separate channels in the TDM receiver, it is necessary to use

A. AND gates
B. Differentiation
C. Bandpass filters
D. Integration

Answer: A

Q158To provide two or more voice circuits with the same carrier, it is necessary to use

A. ISB
B. Carrier reinsertion
C. SSB with pilot carrier
D. Lincompex

Answer: A

Q159VLF waves are used for some type of services because

A. Of the low powers required

B. The transmitting antennas are of convenient size
C. They are very reliable
D. They penetrate the ionosphere easily
Answer: C

Q160A range of microwave frequencies more easily passed by the atmosphere than the others is
called

A. Window
B. Critical Frequency
C. Gyro frequency range
D. Resonance in the atmosphere

Answer: A

Q161High frequency waves are

A. Absorbed by the F2 layer

B. Reflected by the D layer
C. Capable of use for long-distance communications
on the moon
D. Affected by the solar cycle

Answer: D

Q162What is the purpose of peak clipper circuits in radio transmitters?

A. To prevent overmodulation
B. To reduce bandwidth
C. To increase bandwidth
D. To regulate oscillator I/P voltage

Answer: A

Q163It is found that a ship to ship communication suffers from fading. This can be avoided using

A. Space diversity
B. Frequency diversity
C. Broadband diversity
D. Directional Antenna

Answer: B

Q164Find the Doppler stuff caused by a vehicle moving toward a radar at 60mph, if the radar
operates at 10 GHz.

A. 3.5 kHz
B. 1.75 kHz
C. 7 kHz
D. 0.875 kHz

Answer: D

Q165Calculate the beam width in the E-plane of a pyramid form antenna that has an aperture of
60 mm in the E-plane, 80 mm in the H-plane, and operating at 60 GHz.

A. 46.67 deg
B. 83.33 deg
C. 47.63 deg
D. 82.93 deg

Answer: A

Q166Calculate the earth bulge 2 miles away from transmitter for a 25 miles terrestrial microwave
link.

A. 30.67 ft
B. 68.66 ft
C. 3.61 ft
D. 61.34 ft

Answer: A

Q167A province in the Philippines has an area of 2000 sq. km. It has to be covered by cellular
mobile telephone service using cells with radius of 2km. Assuming hexagonal cells, find the
number of cell sites needed.

A. 155 cells
B. 290 cells
C. 128 cells
D. 145 cells

Answer: D

Q168Calculate the blocking probability for 5-channel cell with an offered of 1.66 erlang.

A. 5%
B. 2%
C. 4%
D. 7%

Answer: B

Q169Determine the speed of sound in air at STP (Used y

= 1.4 for air, p = 1.23 kg/m3, P = 1 atm = 1.013 x 106
Pa)

A. 335 m/s
B. 332 m/s
C. 223 m/s
D. 126 m/s

Answer: B

Q170A flute with all of the holes closed can be considered as a tube with both ends open. It has a
fundamental frequency of 261.6 Hz (which is Middle C). Calculate the 3rd decade of this
fundamental generated.

A. 764.8 Hz
B. 1046.4 Hz
C. 2.1 Hz
D. 261.6 Hz

Answer: D
Q171You are at a party and talking with a group of people. They all produce sound levels of the
same magnitudes at your position. The combined level when all four talks at once is 70 dB. What
is the sound level from one person?

A. 32 dB
B. 64 dB
C. 16 dB
D. 126 dB

Answer: B

Q172If the RMS sound pressure is 5 lb/ft2, what is the sound pressure level?

A. 7.58 dB
B. 3.79 dB
C. 11.37 dB
D. 15.16 dB

Answer: A

Q173A candle power that is located 12 feet from a surface provides how many lux?

A. 37.375 lux
B. 74.75 lux
C. 15.32 lux
D. 67.33 lux

Answer: A

Q174The beam antenna has a height of 10 meters over a service area. Determine the beam tilt
angle.

A. 0.088°
B. 9.2°
C. 8.8°
D. 0.9°

Answer: A

Q175Which of the following microphones has the lowest output impedance?

A. Crystal
B. Moving coil
C. Ribbon
D. Condenser

Answer: A

Q176If e(t) = 10 sin[108t + 3 sin(104t)], then the modulation index is

A. 10
B. 3
C. 108
D. 104
Answer: D

Q177Quadrature refers to a ____ (degree) phase difference.

A. 60
B. 90
C. 45
D. 180

Answer: B

Q178The quadrature detector input circuit produces a varying ____ as the input frequency
changes.

A. Power
B. Phase shift
C. Voltage
D. Phase difference

Answer: B

Q179The signal in a channel is measure to be 23 dB while the noise in the same channel is
measure to be 9 dB.
The signal-to-noise ration therefore is ____.

A. 9/23 dB
B. 32 dB
C. 23/9 dB
D. 14 dB

Answer: D

Q180In Pulse Code Modulation system

A. Large bandwidth is required

B. Quantizing noise can be overcome by companding
C. Quantizing noise can be reduced by decreasing the number of standard levels
D. Suffers from the disadvantage of its incompatibility with TDM

Answer: A

Q181A LAN device that is used to interconnect two networks that use different protocols and
formats.

A. Gateways
B. Bridges
C. Routers
D. Hubs

Answer: C

Q182A receiver connected to an antenna whose resistance is 50 has an equivalent noise

resistance of 30. Calculate the receiver's noise figure in decibels.

A. 1.61 dB
B. 2.04 dB
C. 3.22 dB
D. 4.08 dB

Answer: D

Q183Calculate the noise voltage at the input of a television RF amplifier, using a device that has
a 200 equivalent noise resistance and a 300 input resistor. The bandwidth of the amplifier is 6
MHz, and the temperature is 17°C.

A. 4.71 µV
B. 9.05 µV
C. 2.49 µV
D. 6.93 µV

Answer: D

Q184A broadcast radio transmitter radiates 10 kW when the modulation percentage is 60. How
much is the carrier power?

A. 8.47 kW
B. 3.33 kW
C. 6.66 kW
D. 1.67 kW

Answer: A

Q185The antenna current of an AM broadcast transmitter, modulated to a depth of 40% by audio

sine wave, is 11A. It increase to 12A as a result of simultaneous modulation by another audio sine
wave. What is the modulation index due to the 2nd wave?

A. 0.757
B. 0.512
C. 0.643
D. 0.828

Answer: A

Q186What is the modulation index of an FM system in which the modulating frequency is 2 kHz
and the maximum deviation is 10 kHz.

A. 5
B. 20
C. 10
D. 2

Answer: A

Q187It is required to match a 200 load to 300 transmission line, to reduce the SWR along the line
to 1. What must be the characteristic impedance of the quarter wave transformer used for this
purpose, if it is connected directly to the load?

A. 500
B. 245
C. 100
D. 325
Answer: B

Q188The maximum power output of a standard A earth station over the total band allocated to
satellite communication is about

A. 0.5 kW
B. 20 kW
C. 8 kW
D. 50 kW

Answer: A

Q189Which of the following is not an actual amount of power?

A. dB
B. dBm
C. dBw
D. dBk

Answer: A

Q190Indicate which one of the following types of noise does not occur in transistors.

A. Shot noise
B. Flicker noise
C. Partition noise
D. Resistance noise

Answer: C

Q191In a communication system, noise is likely to affect signal

A. At the transmitter
B. In the channel
C. In the information source
D. At the destination

Answer: B

Q192This type of noise has a power spectrum which decreases with increasing frequency. It is
most important at low frequencies from 0 to about 100 Hz.

A. Shot noise
B. Flicker noise
C. Diode noise
D. BJT noise

Answer: B

Q193A power level of 50 µW could be expressed as:

A. 1.39 dBm
B. -4.3 dBm
C. 1 dBm
D. -13 dBm
Answer: D

Q194Signal waveform perturbation or deviation caused by imperfect response of the system to

the desired signal.

A. Noise
B. Aliasing
C. Distortion
D. Interference

Answer: C

Q195Signal attenuation can be corrected by:

A. Filtering
B. Modulation
C. Equalization
D. Amplification

Answer: D

Q196Signal contamination by extraneous or external sources, such as other transmitters, power

lines, and machinery.

A. Noise
B. Distortion
C. Harmonics
D. Interference

Answer: D

Q197Which circuit contributes most to the noise at the receiver?

A. RF amplifier
B. Mixer
C. Detector
D. Local oscillator

Answer: A

Q198The new signal produced by modulation are called

A. Spurious emissions
B. Harmonics
C. Intermodulation products
D. Sidebands

Answer: D

Q199The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is 70 and has a load of 35. The SWR
and reflection coefficient are ____ and ____ respectively.

A. 2 and 0.333
B. 1 and 0.666
C. 2 and 0.666
D. 1 and 0.333
Answer: A

Q200The mismatch between antenna and transmission line impedance cannot be corrected by:

A. Using an LC network
B. Adjusting the antenna length
C. Using a balun
D. Adjusting the length of the transmission line

Answer: A

Q201A pattern of voltage and current variation along a transmission line not terminated in its
characteristic impedance is called

A. An electric field
B. Radio wave
C. Standing wave
D. Magnetic field

Answer: C

Q202The most desirable value of SWR on a transmission line is

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. Infinity

Answer: B

Q203In transmission lines, the most desirable reflection coefficient is

A. Zero
B. 0.5
C. 1
D. Infinity

Answer: A

Q204At frequencies below 1.5 MHz, what propagation provides the best coverage?

A. Ground wave
B. Space Wave
C. Sky Wave
D. All of these

Answer: A

Q205Which of these causes the wavefront to tilt progressively forward?

A. Gradient density
B. Electric field intensity
C. Absorption coefficient
D. Magnetic field intensity
Answer: A

Q206The curvature of the earth presents a horizon to space wave propagation which is
approximately 4/3 that of the optical horizon.

A. Standard atmosphere
B. Optical horizon
C. Radio horizon
D. All of these

Answer: C

Q207A special condition which occurs when the density of the lower atmosphere is such that
electromagnetic waves are trapped between it and earth's surface

A. Duct propagation
B. Sky wave propagation
C. Space wave propagation
D. Ground wave propagation

Answer: A

Q208Refers to the shortest distance in which sky-wave signal will be returned to the earth. It
includes the maximum ground-wave range and the width of the skip zone.

A. Hop
B. Skip distance
C. Actual distance
D. Critical distance

Answer: B

Q209Concerns to the highest frequency that is able to return to earth when beamed at a certain
angle of incidence

A. Relative frequency
B. Optimum frequency
C. Resonant frequency
D. Maximum usable frequency, MUF

Answer: D

Q210In _____, the distance of each succeeding hop from earth to ionosphere and back is also
the skip distance.

A. Hop Transmission
B. Single Transmission
C. Unihop Transmission
D. Multihop Transmission

Answer: D

Q211Concerns to the single reflection of a radio wave from the ionosphere back to earth.

A. Jog
B. Hop
C. Skip
D. Fading

Answer: B

Q212Which layer does not disappear at night?

A. D
B. E
C. F1
D. F2

Answer: D

Q213What theorem sets a limit on the maximum capacity of a channel with a given noise level?

A. Nyquist theorem
B. Hartley law
C. Shannon-Hartley theorem
D. Shannon theorem

Answer: C

Q214What is the impedance of a balance 4-wire with a diameter of 0.25 cm and spaced 2.5 cm
apart using an insulator with a dielectric constant of 2.56?

A. 100
B. 65
C. 75
D. 50

Answer: A

Q215The random and unpredictable electrical signal from natural causes, both internal and
external to the system is known as ____.

A. Distortion
B. Noise
C. Attenuation
D. Interference

Answer: B

Q216The equation for a full-carrier AM is:

A. v(t) = (Ec + Em) x sin(ct)

B. v(t) = (Ec + Em) x sin(mt) + sin(ct)
C. v(t) = (Ec x Em) x sin(mt) x sin(ct)
D. v(t) = (Ec + Em sin(mt)) x sin(ct)

Answer: D

Q217The SC in SSBSC stands for:

A. Single-Carrier
B. Suppressed-Carrier
C. Sideband-Carrier
D. None of the choices

Answer: B

Q218An FM receiver switching suddenly between two stations on nearby frequencies is called:

A. The Capture Effect

B. The Threshold Effect
C. The "Two-Stations" Effect
D. None of the above

Answer: A

Q219The two basic specifications for a receiver are:

A. The sensitivity and the selectivity

B. The number of converters and the numbers of IFs
C. The spurious response and the tracking
D. The signal and the noise

Answer: A

Q220"Skin-effect" refers to:

A. The way radio signals travels across a flat surface

B. The tissue-burning effect of a strong RF signal
C. The increase of wire resistance with frequency
D. None of the above

Answer: C

Q221Image frequencies occur when two signals:

A. Are transmitted on the same frequency '

B. Enter the mixer, with one being a reflected signal equal to the IF frequency
C. Enter the mixer, one below and one above the local oscillator by a difference equal to the IF
D. Enter the mixer, and the difference between the two signals is equal to twice the IF

Answer: C

Q222Image frequency problems would be reduced by:

A. having an IF amplifier with the proper shape factor

B. having a wideband RF amplifier after the mixer
C. having a narrowband RF amplifier before the mixer
D. none of the above

Answer: C

Q223Hartley's Law is:

A. I = kTB
B. C = 2Blog2M
C. C = Blog2(1 + S/N)
D. FS = 2FMAX
Answer: A

Q224The Shannon-Hartley theorem is:

A. I = kTB
B. C = 2Blog2M
C. C = Blog2(1 + S/N)
D. FS = 2FMAX

Answer: B

Q225The Shannon-Limit theorem is: :

A. I = kTB
B. C = 2Blog2M
C. C = Blog2(1 + S/N)
D. FS = 2FMAX

Answer: C

Q226The Nyquist Rate can be expressed as: :

A. I = kTB
B. C = 2Blog2M
C. C = Blog2(1 + S/N)
D. FS = 2FMAX

Answer: D

Q227DTMF stands for: :

A. Digital Telephone Multiple Frequency

B. Dial Tone Master Frequency
C. Dual Tone Multifrequency
D. Digital Trunk Maser Frequency

Answer: C

Q228PSTN stands for:

A. Public Switched Telephone Network

B. Private Switched Telephone Network
C. Primary Service Telephone Network
D. Primary Service Telephone Numbers

Answer: A

Q229The range of DC current that flows through a telephone is:

A. 20 µA to 80 µA
B. 200 µA to 800 µA
C. 2 mA to 8mA
D. 20 mA to 80 mA

Answer: D
Q230The number of voice channels in a basic FDM group is:

A. 6
B. 12
C. 24
D. 60

Answer: B

Q231ASCII stands for:

A. American Standard Character-set 2

B. American Standard Code for Information Interchange
C. American Standard Code 2
D. Alphanumeric Standard Code for Information
Interchange

Answer: B

Q232An example of an unbalanced line is:

A. A coaxial cable
B. 300-ohm twin-lead TV cable
C. An open-wire-line cable
D. All of the above

Answer: A

Q233As frequency increases, the resistance of the wire:

A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stays the same
D. Changes periodically

Answer: A

Q234For best matching, the load on a cable should be:

A. Lower than ZO
B. Higher than ZO
C. Equal to ZO
D. 50

Answer: C

Q235A positive voltage pulse sent down a transmission line terminated in a SHORT-CIRCUIT:

A. would reflect as a positive pulse

B. would reflect as a negative pulse
C. would reflect as a positive pulse followed by a
negative pulse D. would not reflect at all

Answer: B
Q236A positive voltage pulse sent down a transmission line terminated with its
CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE:

A. would reflect as a positive pulse

B. would reflect as a negative pulse
C. would reflect as a positive pulse followed by a negative pulse
D. would not reflect at all

Answer: D

Q237A positive voltage pulse sent down a transmission line terminated in an OPEN-CIRCUIT:

A. would reflect as a positive pulse

B. would reflect as a negative pulse
C. would reflect as a positive pulse followed by a
negative pulse
D. would not reflect at all

Answer: A

Q238The optimum value for SWR is:

A. Zero
B. One
C. As large as possible
D. There is no optimum value

Answer: B

Q239Which is the possible polarization for an electromagnetic wave:

A. Vertical
B. Horizontal
C. Circular
D. All of the above

Answer: D

Q240The "attenuation of free space" is due to:

A. Losses in the characteristic impedance of free space

B. Losses due to absorption in the upper atmosphere
C. The decrease in energy per square meter due to expansion of the wavefront
D. The decrease in energy per square meter due to absorption of the wavefront

Answer: C

Q241Spaces waves are:

A. line-of-sight
B. reflected off the ionosphere
C. same as sky waves
D. radio waves used for satellite communications

Answer: A
Q242A "repeater" is used to:

A. Sends a message multiple times over a channel

B. Send a message over multiple channels at the same time
C. Extend the range of radio communication systems
D. Cancels the effects of fading

Answer: C

Q243NTSC stands for:

A. National Television Systems Commission

B. National Television Systems Committee
C. National Television Systems Council
D. Nippon Television Systems Commission

Answer: B

Q244The relation between information and bandwidth is called:

A. Information Theory
B. Fourier Analysis
C. FFT
D. Hartley's Law

Answer: D