1.

In a digital transmission, signal degradation can be improved using

A. Filter
B. Amplifier
C. Regenerative repeater
D. All of the above

Answer: C

2. Quantizing noise (quantization noise)

A. decreases as the bits per sample decreases

B. decreases as the bits per sample increases
C. decreases as the sample rate decreases
D. decreases as the sample rate increases

Answer: B

3. The bit rate for each channel in DS-1 is:

A. 1.544 Mbps
B. 64 kbps
C. 56 kbps
D. 8kbps

Answer: A

4. The Nyquist rate can be expressed in:

A. C = Blog2(1+S/N)
B. C = 2Blog2(M)
C. I = ktB
D. fS = 2fMAX

Answer: D

5. The immediate result of sampling is:

A. PCM
B. PAM
C. PWM
D. PPM

Answer: B

6. What is the minimum required number of samples per second to digitalize an analog signal with frequency components ranging
from 300 Hz to 3300 Hz?

A. 600 samples/sec
 B. 3300 samples/sec
C. 6600 samples/sec
D. 6000 samples/sec

Answer: C

7. What is the Shannon Limit of a channel that has a bandwidth of 4000 Hz and a signal-to-noise ratio of 15?

A. 16 kbps
B. 32 kbps
C. 64 kbps
D. None of the choices

Answer: A

8. Use Hartley’s Law to find how much time it would take to send 100,000 bits over a channel with a bandwidth of 2,000 Hz and a
channel constant of k = 10.

A. 0.5 secs
B. 500 secs
C. 5 secs
D. None of the choices

Answer: C

9. These are the bits added to a digital signal to help the receiver detect the beginning and end of data frames.

A. Synchronization bits
B. Framing bits
C. Bit Padding
D. Parity
Answer: B

10. A series of pulses in which the amplitude of the information signal at a given time is coded as a binary number.

A. PAM
B. PSK
C. PPM
D. PCM
Answer: D

11. Speed at which data is transmitted in a digital communication system.

A. Bit Rate
B. Baud Rate
C. Transmission Rate
D. Symbol Rate
Answer: A
12. Digital modulation scheme that represents a bit pattern by a change in phase from the previous state.

A. QAM
B. PSK
C. Phase Modulation
D. PPM
Answer: B

13. The telephone local loop that combines analog telephone service with data communications

A. HDSL
B. SHDSL
C. ADSL
D. VDSL
Answer: C

14. Codec stands for

A. Compress-Decompress
B. Coder-Decoder
C. Coded Carrier
D. Control-Decode
Answer: B

15. Distortion created by using too low sampling rate when coding an analog signal for digital transmission

A. Aliasing
B. Overload Distortion
C. Sampling Error
D. Quantization Error
Answer: A

16. For a resolution of 0.04 V, determine the voltage for a linear 7 bit sign-magnitude PCM code as 0000011.

A. +0.04V
B. -0.04V
C. +0.12V
D. -0.12V
Answer: C

17. Most common compression value for µ-law

A. 87.6
B. 100
C. 255
D. 300
Answer: C

18. The number of levels required in a PCM system whose SNR is 40 dB

A. 32
B. 64
 C. 128
D. 256
Answer: C

19. The DC component problem is handled in AM through ______

A. Transition at the beginning of each bit interval

B. Transition at the middle of each bit interval
C. Alternate positive and negative amplitude for the 1 bits
D. Alternative positive and negative amplitude for
the 0 bits
Answer: C

20. Bipolar violation

A. Represents a zero bit followed by one bit

B. Occurs when two successive pulses have the same polarity and are separated by a zero level
C. Occurs when two successive pulses have the same polarity and are separated by one level
D. Represents as one bit followed by a zero bit
Answer: C

21. How many voice channels are supported in an E-1 line?

A. 24
B. 30
C. 60
D. 300
Answer: B

22. Which of the following uses modulo-11 in implementation

A. CRC
B. LRC
C. ISBN-10
D. ISBN-13
Answer: C

23. Statistical TDM is also known as

A. Asynchronous TDM
B. Synchronous TDM
C. Isochronous TDM
D. Multilayer TDM
Answer: A

24. Bandwidth efficiency for 16 QAM with a rate of 10

Mbps

A. 1 bit/cycle
B. 2 bits/cycle
C. 3 bits/cycle
D. 4 bits/cycle
Answer: D
25. Determine the minimum bandwidth for 16-QAM modulator with an input bit rate of 20 Mbps

A. 5 MHz
B. 10 MHz
C. 15 MHz
D. 20 MHz
Answer: A

26. What is the value of net susceptance at resonance?

A. Equal to one
B. Equal to zero
C. Equal to 1/R
D. Is greater than 1
Answer: B

27. What is the voltage gain in dB at the break frequency?

A. 0 dB
B. -3 dB
C. 1 dB
D. 0.707 dB
Answer: B

28. It is the continued exchange of energy in an AC circuit that produces a damped sine wave at the resonant frequency

A. Skin Effect
B. Damping Effect
C. Capture Effect
D. Flywheel Effect
Answer: D

29. A parallel LC circuit has the following values: L = 100 µH and C = 67 pF, and a Q = 150. What is the bandwidth?

A. 1.94 MHz
B. 12.96 kHz
C. 13.16 kHz
D. 1.5 MHz
Answer: B

30. What is the difference in phase of the source voltage and the line current at resonance?

A. +90 degrees
B. -90 degrees
C. 0 degrees
D. 180 degrees
Answer: C

31. What is the range of Intermediate frequencies used in AM receivers?

A. 535 kHz – 1605 kHz

B. 54 MHz – 216 MHz
 C. C. 88 MHz – 108 MHz
D. 450 kHz – 460 kHz
Answer: D

32. Frequencies that are generally referred to as light

A. Ultraviolet
B. Visible Light
C. Infrared
D. Optics
Answer: B

33. Determine the noise current for a diode with a forward bias current of 1 mA and over a 100-kHz bandwidth.

A. 2.4 mA
B. 5.6 nA
C. 11.8 nA
D. None of the choices
Answer: B

34. All kinds of two-way radio communication take place in this frequency band.

A. MF
B. UHF
C. VHF
D. HF
Answer: C

35. Determine the wavelength of a signal whose frequency is 500 MHz.

A. 0.6 m
B. 0.7 m
C. 0.8 m
D. 0.9 m
Answer: A

36. Both FM and PM are types of what kind of modulation?

A. Pulse Modulation
B. Digital Modulation
C. Angle Modulation
D. Amplitude Modulation
Answer: C

37. What is the approximate frequency of the modulating signal having a bandwidth (using Carson’s rule) of 15 kHz and a frequency
deviation of 6 kHz.

A. 1.5 kHz
B. 7.5 kHz
C. 9 kHz
D. 3 kHz
Answer: A
38. The primary disadvantage of FM is

A. Noise immunity
B. Simple circuitry
C. Excessive use of spectrum space
D. Frequency instability
Answer: C

39. A 100 MHz carrier is deviated 50 kHz by a 4 kHz signal. The modulation index is

A. 2
B. 12.5
C. 25
D. 50
Answer: B

40. What is the amount of carrier swing necessary to produce an 80% modulation for FM broadcasting?

A. 180 kHz
B. 120 kHz
C. 240 kHz
D. 60 kHz
Answer: B

41. A modulator circuit performs what mathematical operation on its two inputs?

A. Addition
B. Multiplication
C. Division
D. Subtraction
Answer: B

42. In the designation of bandwidth and emission, what letter in the first symbol represents an SSBC signal?

A. J
B. B
C. H
D. R
Answer: A

43. A bandwidth of 6 MHz becomes available for assignment. Determine the number of AM stations that could be broadcast
simultaneously if the maximum modulating frequency is limited to 5 kHz.

A. 600
B. 1200
C. 300
D. 3000
Answer: A

44. An antenna transmits an AM signal having a total power content of 15 kW. Determine the power being transmitted at each of
the sidebands when the percent modulation is 85%.

A. 2709 W
 B. 5418 W
C. 4950 W
D. 1990 W
Answer: D

45. The type of AM signal that is used in TV broadcasting is called ____.

A. B8E
B. C3F
C. F3F
D. F3C
Answer: B

46. Indicate the false statement regarding the advantages of SSB over double sideband, full carrier AM.

A. More channel space available

B. Transmitter circuit must be more stable, giving better reception
C. The signal is more noise-resistant
D. Much less power is required for the same signal strength
Answer: B

47. When the modulation index of an AM wave is doubled, the antenna current is also doubled. The AM system being used is _____

A. H3E
B. C3F
C. J3E
D. A3E
Answer: C

48. Indicate which one of the following advantages of the phase cancellation method of obtaining SSB over the filter method is false:

A. Switching from one sideband to the other is simpler

B. It is possible to generate SSB at any frequency
C. SSB with lower audio frequencies present can be generated
D. There are more balance modulators; therefore, the carrier is suppressed better.
Answer: D

49. The image frequency of a super heterodyne receiver

A. Is created within the receiver itself

B. Is due to insufficient adjacent channel rejection
C. Is not rejected by the IF tuned circuits
D. Is independent of the frequency to which the receiver is tuned
Answer: A

50. One of the main functions of the RF amplifier in a super heterodyne receiver is to

A. Provide improved tracking

B. Permit better adjacent-channel rejection
C. Increase the tuning range of the receiver
D. Improve the rejection of the image frequency
Answer: C
51. When the modulating frequency is doubled, the modulation index is halved, and the modulating voltage remains constant. The
modulation system is ____.

A. Amplitude Modulation
B. Phase Modulation
C. Frequency Modulation
D. Any one of the three
Answer: C

52. Indicate which one of the following is not an advantage of FM over AM:

A. Better noise immunity is provided

B. Lower bandwidth is required
C. The transmitted power is more useful
D. Less modulating power is required
Answer: B

53. In the spectrum of a frequency modulated wave

A. The carrier frequency disappears when the modulation index is large

B. The amplitude of any sideband depends on the modulation index
C. The total number of sidebands depend on the modulation index
D. The carrier frequency cannot disappear
Answer: A

54. The difference between the phase and frequency modulation

A. is purely theoretical because they are the same in practice

B. is too great to make the two system compatible
C. C. In the poorer audio response of the phase modulation
D. lies in the different definitions of the modulation index
Answer: D

55. Indicate the false statement. From the transmitter, the signal deterioration because of noise is usually ____

A. Unwanted energy
B. Predictable in character
C. Present in the transmitter
D. Due to any cause
Answer: B

56. A (75 – j50) load is connected to a coaxial transmission line of Zo = 75, at 10 GHz. The best
method of matching consists of connecting

A. A short circuited stub at the load

B. An inductance at the load
C. A capacitance at some specific distance from the load
D. A short circuited stub at some specific distance from the load.
Answer: B

57. The velocity factor of a transmission line.

 A. Depends on the dielectric constant of the material used
B. Increase the velocity along the transmission line
C. Is governed by skin effect
D. Is higher for a solid dielectric than air
Answer: A

58. For a transmission line load matching over a range of frequencies, it is best to use a

A. Balun
B. Broadband directional coupler
C. Double Stub
D. Single stub of adjustable position
Answer: C

59. Indicate the true statement below. The directional coupler is

A. A device used to connect a transmitter to a directional antenna

B. A coupling device for matching impedance
C. A device used to measure transmission line power
D. An SWR measuring instrument
Answer: C

60. Frequencies in the UHF range normally propagate by means of

A. Ground waves B. Sky waves

C. Surface waves
D. Space Waves
Answer: D

61. Tropospheric scatter is used with frequencies in the following range

A. HF
B. VHF
C. UHF
D. VLF
Answer: C

62. The ground wave eventually disappears, as one move away from the transmitter, because of

A. Interference due to sky wave

B. Loss of line of sight conditions
C. maximum single hop distance limitations
D. tilting
Answer: D

63. Electromagnetic waves are refracted when they

A. Pass into a medium of different dielectric

constant
B. Are polarized at right angles to the direction of propagation
C. Encounter a perfectly conducting surface
D. Pass through small slot in a conducting plane
Answer: A
64. Helical antennas are often used for satellite tracking at VHF because of

A. Troposcatter
B. Superrefraction
C. Ionospheric refraction
D. Faraday’s effect
Answer: D

65. Diffraction of electromagnetic wave

A. Is caused by reflections from the ground

B. Arises only with the spherical wave fronts C. Will occur when the waves pass through a large slot
D. May occur around the edge of a sharp obstacle
Answer: D

66. Indicate the antenna that is not wideband:

A. Discone
B. Folded Dipole
C. Helical
D. Marconi
Answer: D

67. Indicate which of the following reason for use of an earth mat with antennas is false:

A. Impossibility of a good ground connection

B. Provision of an earth for the antenna
C. Protection of personnel working underneath
D. Improvement of radiation pattern of the antenna
Answer: C

68. The standard reference antenna for the directive gain is the

A. Infinitesimal Dipole
B. Isotropic Antenna
C. Elementary Doublet
D. Half wave dipole
Answer: B

69. Top loading is sometimes used with an antenna in order to increase its

A. Effective height
B. bandwidth
C. beam width
D. input capacitance
Answer: A

70. One of the following is not an omnidirectional antenna

A. Half wave dipole

B. Log periodic
C. Discone
 D. Marconi
Answer: B

71. Indicate the false statement. The SWR on a transmission line is infinity; the line is terminated in

A. A short circuit
B. A compound impedance
C. An open circuit
D. A pure resistance
Answer: D

72. Impedance inversion may be obtained with

A. A short circuited stub

B. An open circuited stub
C. A quarter wave line
D. A half wave line
Answer: C

73. Indicate which one of the following terms applies to troposcatter propagation

A. SIDs
B. Fading
C. Atmospheric storms
D. Faraday Rotation
Answer: B

74. In electromagnetic waves, polarization

A. Is caused by reflection
B. Is due to the transverse nature of the waves
C. Results from the longitudinal natures of the waves
D. Is always vertical in an isotropic antenna
Answer: B

75. As electromagnetic waves travel in free space, one of the following can happen to them:

A. Absorption
B. Attenuation
C. Refraction
D. Reflection
Answer: B

76. The absorption of radio waves by the atmosphere depends on

A. Their frequency
B. Their distance from the transmitter
C. The polarization of the waves
D. The polarization of the atmosphere
Answer: A

77. An antenna that is circularly polarized is the

 A. Helical
B. Small circular loop
C. Parabolic reflector
D. Yagi-uda
Answer: A

78. One of the following is very useful as a multiband

HF receiving antenna. This is the

A. Conical Horn
B. Folded Dipole
C. Log-periodic
D. Square Loop
Answer: C

79. Which of the following antenna is best excited from a waveguide?

A. Biconical
B. Horn
C. Helical
D. Discone
Answer: B

80. Indicate the false statement. When the free space wavelength of a signal equals the cutoff wavelength of the guide

A. the group velocity of the signal becomes zero

B. the phase velocity of the signal becomes infinite
C. the characteristic impedance of the guide becomes infinite
D. the wavelength within the wave guide becomes
infinite
Answer: C

81. Which organization has authority over interstate and international commerce in the communications field?

A. ITU-T
B. IEEE
C. FCC
D. ISOC
Answer: C

82. What oscillator frequency is needed to heterodyne 626 kHz up to 3.58 MHz?

A. 2.954 MHz
B. 4.832 MHz
C. 4.210 MHz
D. 2.328 MHz
Answer: A

83. The best insulation at UHF is:

A. Black rubber
B. Bakelite
C. Paper
 D. Mica
Answer: D

84. A transmitter is required to deliver 100 W to an antenna through 5 m of coaxial cable with a loss of 3 dB / 100 m. What must
be the output power of the transmitter, assuming the line is matched?

A. 136 W
B. 153 W
C. 151 W
D. 116815 W
Answer: A

85. IS-95 system uses direct sequence spread spectrum with a chipping rate of

A. 1.23 MHz
B. 200 kHz
C. 500 MHz
D. 10.7 MHz
Answer: A

86. How often will hand-offs occur when vehicle travels through a CMTS at 100 km per hour speed if the distance between cell sites
is 10 km?

A. 6 mins
B. 12 mins
C. 395 sec
D. 10 hrs
Answer: B

87. An ambulance travels down a highway at a speed of 75.0 mi/h with its siren transmitting a sound with a frequency of 400 Hz.
What frequency is heard by a passenger in a card traveling at 55 mi/h in the opposite direction as it approaches the ambulance?

A. 443 Hz
B. 475 Hz
C. 339 Hz
D. 345 Hz
Answer: B

88. A satellite receives an uplink frequency of _____

MHz from a ground station of 3700 MHz

A. 8150 MHz
B. 1475 MHz
C. 2225 MHz
D. 5925 MHz
Answer: D

89. A telephone exchange has a subscriber loop limit of 1800 ohms, excluding the telephone instrument. What is the farthest distance,
in miles, that a subscriber can be located away from the telephone exchange if AWG 26 cable, which has a resistance of 4.31
ohms/loop mile, is used?

A. 5.95
B. 8.18
 C. 3.9
D. 4.18
Answer: D

90. The minimum depth for an underground entrance conduit under areas used for vehicular traffic inside private property

A. 300 mm
B. 600 mm
C. 50 mm
D. 1 m
Answer: B

91. How much time in seconds is saved if we use Touch Tone Dialing instead of Pulse Dialing to call telephone number 781-10-
05?

A. 3.55
B. 7.75
C. 7.55
D. 7.15
Answer: B

92. With attenuation limit at 6 dB, what is the length of cable using gauge 26 with attenuation of 1.61 dB per km

A. 1.3 km
B. 4.7 km
C. 3.7 km
D. 2.5 km
Answer: C

93. The backboard color for the house or riser cable

A. Yellow
B. White
C. Blue
D. Red
Answer: A

94. OC-1 (STS-1) line rate is

A. 51.84 Mbps
B. 1.544 Mbps C. 3 Mbps
D. 2.048 Mbps
Answer: A

95. Duration of vertical blanking

A. 1333 us
B. 10.2 us
C. 2.5 us
D. 63.5 us
Answer: A

96. CATV superband channel

 A. J
B. KK
C. GG
D. V
Answer: A

97. A three-stage amplifier is to have an overall noise temperature no greater than 70 K. The overall gain of the amplifier is to be
atleast 45 dB. The amplifier is to be built by adding a low-noise first stage with existing characteristics as follows stage 2 has
20 dB power gain 3 dB noise figure. Stage 3 has 15 dB power gain and 6 dB noise figure. Calculate the
maximum noise figure (in dB) that the first stage can
have

A. 0.267 dB
B. 0.56 dB
C. 1.235 dB
D. 0.985 dB
Answer: A

98. In measuring noise in a voice channel at a -4 dB test point level, the meter reads -70 dBm. Convert the reading into pWp.

A. 53
B. 93
C. 63
D. 83
Answer: C

99. A phase modulator has Kp = 2 rad/V. What RMS voltage of a sine wave would cause a peak phase deviation of 30 degrees?

A. 0.158 V
B. 0.185 V
C. 0.518 V
D. 0.815 V
Answer: B

100. What are the three major oscillator circuits often used in radio equipment?

A. Taft, Pierce, and Negative Feedback

B. Colpitts, Hartley and Taft
C. Taft, Hartley and Pierce
D. Colpitts, Hartley, and Pierce
Answer: D

101. Hearing loss due to non-occupational noise sources

e.g. household noises, TV, and road traffic

A. Presbycusis
B. Sosiocusis
C. Nasocusis
D. Oldysicus
Answer: B

102. A mechanism used by hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram problems back to the sender
 A. IGMP
B. UDP
C. TCP/IP
D. D. ICMP
Answer: D

103. Which technical specification group does not belong to 3GPP working organizations?

A. TSG SA Service and System Aspects

B. TSG CN Core Network
C. TSG EFA Error Function Aspects
D. TSG T Terminals
Answer: C

104. The main benefit of the HSCSD feature compared to other data enhancements introduced is that it is

A. The maximum data rate is limited to 64 kbps

B. Up to eight times the bit rate on the single slot full-rate traffic channel
C. The maximum data rate in these early networks
D. An inexpensive way to implement higher data
rates
Answer: D

105. Are intended to carry either encoded speech or user data

A. Multiplexed channel
B. B. Traffic channel
C. Association Channel
D. Central Channel
Answer: B

106. A scheme in which the transmitter alternatively uses the two antennas to transmit bursts or to decorrelate
the fading profile of each alternate burst

A. Frequency hopping
B. Frame hopping
C. Antenna hopping
D. Time hopping
Answer: C

107. Refers to its spatial diversity where transmission or reception is performed simultaneously at two or more
base station and used to combat fast fading

A. Macrodiversity
B. Microdiversity
C. Space diversity
D. Spatial diversity
Answer: A

108. It is the work-effort that is required to provide a given spectral efficiency at a given grade of service

A. Spatial efficiency
 B. Operational efficiency
C. Strategical efficiency
D. Light efficiency
Answer: B

109. It provides MAC enhancements to support LAN applications with CoS requirements

A. IEEE 802.16
B. IEEE 802.11e
C. IEEE 802.16.2
D. IEEE 802.12a/b
Answer: B

110. It suffers a known plaintext attack recovering the pseudorandom string by XORing the plaintext and ciphertext of challenge,
which can be eavesdropped
from the air

A. Deciphering
B. Key Management
C. Mutual authentication
D. Shared-key authentication
Answer: D

111. Introduced the term PAN to denote a communication between proximal electronic devices by using the
body as a conduct for information

A. Zimmerman
B. Shockley
C. Shannon
D. Torricelli
Answer: A

112. How can we represent the number 21 in one’s complement arithmetic using only four bits

A. 10
B.12
C. 13
D. 14

Answer: A

113. The telephone receiver, as a converter of electrical energy to acoustic energy, has comparatively low
efficiency on the order of

A. 2% to 3%
B. 10% to 15%
C. 20% to 35%
D. 40% to 50%
Answer: A

114. In Digital Network Performance Requirements, a blocking probability of ____ is the Quality of Service (QoS) objective. With
judicious of alternative routing, a blocking probability of 0.005 might be
expected
 A. B = 1
B. B = 0.01
C. B = 0
D. B = Infinity
Answer: B

115. For North American DTMF Code, the digit “2” has
____ Multifrequency Push-Button Tone

A. 852 Hz, 1477 Hz

B. 852 Hz, 1209 Hz
C. 624 Hz, 1776 Hz
D. 697 Hz, 1336 Hz
Answer: D

116. It is required to match a 73-ohm antenna to a 600 ohm polyethylene coaxial feeder line, with a velocity factor of 0.66 by
means of a quarter wave matching a transformer. At a frequency of 150 MHz, the impedance of the matching section is ____
ohms.

A. 209.28
B. 310.5
C. 150.28
D. 450.82
Answer: A

117. A Fade Margin of 28 dB has a reliability of

A. 99%
B. 99.9%
C. 99.99%
D. 99.999%
Answer: B

118. A wave propagated in a parallel plane waveguide. The frequency is 6 GHz and the plane separation is 3 cm. The cut-off
wavelength for the dominant mode, the group and phase velocity are:

A. 6 cm, 166 Mm/sec, 543 Mm/sec

B. 6 cm, 106 Mm/sec, 543 Mm/sec
C. 6 cm, 543 Mm/sec, 166 Mm/sec
D. 6 cm, 543 Mm/sec, 106 Mm/sec
Answer: A

119. A satellite communication link between Pinugay Earth Station, Philippines and Mt. Fucino Earth Station, Italy is to be
established. If the assigned uplink frequency at Panugay Earth Station is 6175 MHz, what is the downlink frequency at Mt.
Fucino Eart Station, in MHz?

A. 4545
B. 3950
C. 3789
D. 4200
Answer: B
 120. If the frequency fed to the pre-amplifier of a basic transmitter with multipliers is composed of a pair of triplers and a doubler
is 196 MHz, what frequency should the oscillator operate?

A. 11 MHz
B. 33 MHz
C. 22 MHz
D. 66 MHz
Answer: A

121. When microwave signal follows the curvature of the earth, this is known as:

A. Faraday Effect
B. Ducting
C. Tropospheric Scatter
D. Ionospheric Reflection
Answer: B

122. A half-wave dipole antenna is capable of radiating 1kW and has a 2.15 dB gain over an isotropic antenna. How much power
must be delivered to the isotropic (omnidirectional) antenna, to match the field strength directional antenna?

A. 1640 W
B. 1550 W
C. 1320 W
D. 1730 W
Answer: A

123. The direction of rotation of a CD is

A. clockwise
B. anti-clockwise
C. clockwise or anti-clockwise depending on the frequency of data stored
D. mostly anti-clockwise but sometimes clockwise
Answer: A

124. It is a solicitation from the primary to a secondary to determine if the secondary has data to transmit

A. Selection
B. Error Control
C. Polling
D. Master Control
Answer: C

125. A 9600-baud rate signal can pass over the voice grade telephone line if which kind of modulation is used

A. BPSK
B. DPSK
C. QPSK
D. QAM
Answer: D

126. The analog signal m(t) is given below m(t) = 4 cos 100πt + 8sin 200π + cos 300πt, the Nyquist sampling
rate will be
A. 1/100
B. 1/300
C. 1/200
D. 1/600
Answer: B

127. The characters making up the message in a synchronous transmission are collectively referred to
as the data

A. Set
B. Block
C. Sequence
D. Collection
Answer: B

128. In a Laplace transform, multiplication by e-at in time domain becames

A. translation by a in s domain
B. translation by (-a) in s domain
C. multiplication by e-as in s domain
D. none of the above
Answer: A

129. In a TV receiver antenna, the length of reflector rod

A. is the same as that of dipole

B. is less than that of dipole
C. is more than that of dipole
D. may be equal, more, or less than that of dipole
Answer: C

130. A radio station works at 800 kHz and uses AM. If this is a public broadcast system, it should transmit using

A. parabolic reflector to transmit all round

B. turnstile antenna for the required land
C. half wave long horizontal wave
D. D. a vertical antenna less than quarter for practical reasons
Answer: D

131. Entropy gives

A. measure of uncertainty
B. rate of information
C. average information
D. probability of information
Answer: A
 132. The noise performance of a square law demodulator of AM signal is

A. better than that of an envelope detector

B. better than that of a synchronous detector
C. identical with that of a synchronous detector
D. poorer than that of an envelope detector
Answer: B

133. Which of the following is correct?

A. The bit rate may be greater than the baud rate

B. The baud rate may be greater than the bit rate
C. The bit and baud rate are always the same
D. The bit and baud rate are not related
Answer: A

134. Function of data link protocol that coordinates hopto-hop data delivery where a hop may be a computer, a network controller, or
a network-connecting device such as router.

A. Flow Control
B. Line Discipline
C. Error Control
D. Selection
Answer: B

135. Which one is a linear system?

A. y[n] = x[n] x x[n-1]

B. y[n] = x[n] + x[n-10]
C. y[n] = x2[n]
D. (A) and (C)
Answer: B

136. A form of switching which is stored and forward

A. Packet switching
B. Message switching
C. Circuit switching
D. Digital switching
Answer: B

137. Which of the following is an indirect way of generating FM?

A. Armstrong modulator
B. Varactor diode modulator
C. Reactance FET modulator
D. Reactance bipolar transistor
Answer: A

138. In a multiplexing system similar to conventional time-division multiplexing except that it was developed to be used with optical
fibers
 A. SONET
B. ATM
C. Frame relay
D. X.25
Answer: A

139. The data rate for IEEE 802.11b is ____.

A. 10 Mbps
B. 2.048 Mbps
C. 1.544 Mbps
D. 11 Mbps
Answer: D

140. The result whenever the sampling rate is less than twice the highest audio frequency

A. Peak limiting
B. Overload distortion
C. Alias
D. Quantizing noise
Answer: C

141. Ten bit error occurs in two million transmitted. The bit error rate is

A. 2 x 10-5
B. 5 x 10-6
C. 5 x 10-5
D. 2 x 10-6
Answer: B

142. If output power of a radio receiver is doubled, its volume is increased by ____ dB.

A. 2
B. 1
C. 3
D. -3
Answer: C

143. It is a function of the carrier-to-noise power ratio and the number of possible encoding conditions used

A. probability of error
B. error control
C. error detection
D. bit error rate
Answer: A

144. To eliminate ghosts in the picture

A. Use a longer transmission line

B. Connect a booster
C. Change the antenna orientation or location
D. twist the transmission line
 Answer: C

145. Sixteen different levels (symbols) are used to encode binary data. The channel bandwidth is 36 MHz. The maximum channel
capacity is

A. 18 Mbps
B. 288 Mbps
C. 72 Mbps
D. 2.176 Gbps
Answer: B

146. What is the minimum bandwidth required to transmit a 56 kbps binary signal with no noise?

A. 14 kHz
B. 28 kHz
C. 56 kHz
D. 112 kHz
Answer: B

147. Which of the following does not cause losses in optical fiber cables?

A. Stepped index operation

B. Impurities
C. Microbending
D. Attenuation in glass
Answer: A

148. It is the thermal noise power normalized to 1-Hz bandwidth

A. Power density ratio

B. Thermal noise
C. Noise power density
D. Ambient temperature noise
Answer: C

149. Any rounded-off errors in the transmitted signal are reproduced when the code is converted back to analog in the receiver.

A. Aperture error
B. Quantization error
C. Aperture distortion
D. Slope overload
Answer: B

150. As per Shannon-Hartley theorem, a noiseless

Gaussian channel has

A. zero capacity
B. infinite capacity
C. small capacity
D. none of the above
Answer: B
151. T1 stands for

A. Transmission One
B. Telecommunication One
C. Telex One
D. Transmission Line One
Answer: A

152. Fourier analysis indicates that a square wave can be represented as

A. A fundamental sine wave and odd harmonics

B. A fundamental sine wave and even harmonics
C. A fundamental sine wave and harmonics
D. Fundamental and subharmonic sine waves
Answer: A

153. The OSI layer that provides the control functions necessary to establish, manage, and terminated the
connections as required to satisfy the user request

A. Application layer
B. Network layer
C. Session layer
D. Physical layer
Answer: C

154. Which of the following steps is not included in the process of reception?

A. Decoding
B. Storage
C. Encoding
D. Interpretation
Answer: B

155. Amplitude modulation is the process of

A. Super imposing a low frequency on a high frequency

B. Super imposing a high frequency on a low
frequency C. Carrier interruption
D. Frequency shift and phase shift
Answer: A

156. What type of mastergroup that can be further multiplexed and used for higher-capacity microwave radio systems?

A. A600
B. L600
C. U600
D. L400
Answer: C

157. In order to separate channels in the TDM receiver, it is necessary to use

A. AND gates
B. Differentiation
 C. Bandpass filters
D. Integration
Answer: A

158. To provide two or more voice circuits with the same carrier, it is necessary to use

A. ISB
B. Carrier reinsertion
C. SSB with pilot carrier
D. Lincompex
Answer: A

159. VLF waves are used for some type of services because

A. Of the low powers required

B. The transmitting antennas are of convenient size
C. They are very reliable
D. They penetrate the ionosphere easily
Answer: C

160. A range of microwave frequencies more easily passed by the atmosphere than the others is called

A. Window
B. Critical Frequency
C. Gyro frequency range
D. Resonance in the atmosphere
Answer: A

161. High frequency waves are

A. Absorbed by the F2 layer

B. Reflected by the D layer
C. Capable of use for long-distance communications
on the moon
D. Affected by the solar cycle
Answer: D

162. What is the purpose of peak clipper circuits in radio transmitters?

A. To prevent overmodulation
B. To reduce bandwidth
C. To increase bandwidth
D. To regulate oscillator I/P voltage
Answer: A

163. It is found that a ship to ship communication suffers from fading. This can be avoided using

A. Space diversity
B. Frequency diversity
C. Broadband diversity
D. Directional Antenna
Answer: B
164. Find the Doppler stuff caused by a vehicle moving toward a radar at 60mph, if the radar operates at 10 GHz.

A. 3.5 kHz
B. 1.75 kHz
C. 7 kHz
D. 0.875 kHz
Answer: D

165. Calculate the beam width in the E-plane of a pyramid form antenna that has an aperture of 60 mm in the E-plane, 80 mm in the
H-plane, and operating at 60 GHz.

A. 46.67 deg
B. 83.33 deg
C. 47.63 deg
D. 82.93 deg
Answer: A

166. Calculate the earth bulge 2 miles away from transmitter for a 25 miles terrestrial microwave link.

A. 30.67 ft
B. 68.66 ft
C. 3.61 ft
D. 61.34 ft
Answer: A

167. A province in the Philippines has an area of 2000 sq. km. It has to be covered by cellular mobile telephone service using
cells with radius of 2km. Assuming hexagonal cells, find the number of cell sites needed.

A. 155 cells
B. 290 cells
C. 128 cells
D. 145 cells
Answer: D

168. Calculate the blocking probability for 5-channel cell with an offered of 1.66 erlang.

A. 5%
B. 2%
C. 4%
D. 7%
Answer: B

169. Determine the speed of sound in air at STP (Used y

= 1.4 for air, p = 1.23 kg/m3, P = 1 atm = 1.013 x 106
Pa)

A. 335 m/s
B. 332 m/s
C. 223 m/s
D. 126 m/s
Answer: B
 170. A flute with all of the holes closed can be considered as a tube with both ends open. It has a fundamental frequency of 261.6
Hz (which is Middle C). Calculate the 3rd decade of this fundamental generated.

A. 764.8 Hz
B. 1046.4 Hz
C. 2.1 Hz
D. 261.6 Hz
Answer: D

171. You are at a party and talking with a group of people. They all produce sound levels of the same magnitudes at your
position. The combined level when all four talks at once is 70 dB. What is the sound level from one person?

A. 32 dB
B. 64 dB
C. 16 dB
D. 126 dB
Answer: B

172. If the RMS sound pressure is 5 lb/ft2, what is the sound pressure level?

A. 7.58 dB
B. 3.79 dB
C. 11.37 dB
D. 15.16 dB
Answer: A

173. A candle power that is located 12 feet from a surface provides how many lux?

A. 37.375 lux
B. 74.75 lux
C. 15.32 lux
D. 67.33 lux
Answer: A

174. The beam antenna has a height of 10 meters over a service area. Determine the beam tilt angle.

A. 0.088˚
B. 9.2˚
C. 8.8˚
D. 0.9˚
Answer: A

175. Which of the following microphones has the lowest output impedance?

A. Crystal
B. Moving coil
C. Ribbon
D. Condenser
Answer: A

176. If e(t) = 10 sin[108t + 3 sin(104t)], then the modulation index is

A. 10
 B. 3
C. 108
D. 104
Answer: D

177. Quadrature refers to a ____ (degree) phase difference.

A. 60
B. 90
C. 45
D. 180
Answer: B

178. The quadrature detector input circuit produces a varying ____ as the input frequency changes.

A. Power
B. Phase shift
C. Voltage
D. Phase difference
Answer: B

179. The signal in a channel is measure to be 23 dB while the noise in the same channel is measure to be 9 dB.
The signal-to-noise ration therefore is ____.

A. 9/23 dB
B. 32 dB
C. 23/9 dB
D. 14 dB
Answer: D

180. In Pulse Code Modulation system

A. Large bandwidth is required

B. Quantizing noise can be overcome by companding
C. Quantizing noise can be reduced by decreasing the number of standard levels
D. Suffers from the disadvantage of its incompatibility with TDM
Answer: A

181. A LAN device that is used to interconnect two networks that use different protocols and formats.

A. Gateways
B. Bridges
C. Routers
D. Hubs
Answer: C

182. A receiver connected to an antenna whose resistance is 50Ω has an equivalent noise resistance of 30Ω. Calculate the
receiver’s noise figure in decibels.

A. 1.61 dB
B. 2.04 dB
C. 3.22 dB
 D. 4.08 dB
Answer: D

183. Calculate the noise voltage at the input of a television RF amplifier, using a device that has a
200Ω equivalent noise resistance and a 300Ω input resistor. The bandwidth of the amplifier is 6 MHz, and the temperature is
17˚C.

A. 4.71 µV
B. 9.05 µV
C. 2.49 µV
D. 6.93 µV
Answer: D

184. A broadcast radio transmitter radiates 10 kW when the modulation percentage is 60. How much is the carrier power?

A. 8.47 kW
B. 3.33 kW
C. 6.66 kW
D. 1.67 kW
Answer: A

185. The antenna current of an AM broadcast transmitter, modulated to a depth of 40% by audio sine wave, is 11A. It increase to 12A
as a result of simultaneous modulation by another audio sine wave. What is the modulation index due to the 2 nd wave?

A. 0.757
B. 0.512
C. 0.643
D. 0.828
Answer: A

186. What is the modulation index of an FM system in which the modulating frequency is 2 kHz and the maximum deviation is 10
kHz.

A. 5
B. 20
C. 10
D. 2
Answer: A

187. It is required to match a 200Ω load to 300Ω transmission line, to reduce the SWR along the line to 1. What must be the
characteristic impedance of the quarter wave transformer used for this purpose, if it is connected directly to the load?

A. 500Ω
B. 245Ω
C. 100Ω
D. 325Ω
Answer: B

188. The maximum power output of a standard A earth station over the total band allocated to satellite
communication is about

A. 0.5 kW
B. 20 kW
 C. 8 kW
D. 50 kW
Answer: A

189. Which of the following is not an actual amount of power?

A. dB
B. dBm
C. dBw
D. dBk
Answer: A

190. Indicate which one of the following types of noise does not occur in transistors.

A. Shot noise
B. Flicker noise
C. Partition noise
D. Resistance noise
Answer: C

191. In a communication system, noise is likely to affect signal

A. At the transmitter
B. In the channel
C. In the information source
D. At the destination
Answer: B

192. This type of noise has a power spectrum which decreases with increasing frequency. It is most important at low frequencies
from 0 to about 100 Hz.

A. Shot noise
B. Flicker noise
C. Diode noise
D. BJT noise
Answer: B

193. A power level of 50 µW could be expressed as:

A. 1.39 dBm
B. -4.3 dBm
C. 1 dBm
D. -13 dBm
Answer: D

194. Signal waveform perturbation or deviation caused by imperfect response of the system to the desired signal.

A. Noise
B. Aliasing
C. Distortion
D. Interference
Answer: C
 195. Signal attenuation can be corrected by:

A. Filtering
B. Modulation
C. Equalization
D. Amplification
Answer: D

196. Signal contamination by extraneous or external sources, such as other transmitters, power lines, and machinery.

A. Noise
B. Distortion
C. Harmonics
D. Interference
Answer: D

197. Which circuit contributes most to the noise at the receiver?

A. RF amplifier
B. Mixer
C. Detector
D. Local oscillator
Answer: A

198. The new signal produced by modulation are called

A. Spurious emissions
B. Harmonics
C. Intermodulation products
D. Sidebands
Answer: D

199. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is 70Ω and has a load of 35Ω. The SWR and reflection coefficient are ____
and ____ respectively.

A. 2 and 0.333
B. 1 and 0.666
C. 2 and 0.666
D. 1 and 0.333
Answer: A

200. The mismatch between antenna and transmission line impedance cannot be corrected by:

A. Using an LC network
B. Adjusting the antenna length
C. Using a balun
D. Adjusting the length of the transmission line
Answer: A

201. A pattern of voltage and current variation along a transmission line not terminated in its characteristic
impedance is called

A. An electric field
 B. Radio wave
C. Standing wave
D. Magnetic field
Answer: C

202. The most desirable value of SWR on a transmission line is

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. Infinity
Answer: B

203. In transmission lines, the most desirable reflection coefficient is

A. Zero
B. 0.5
C. 1
D. Infinity
Answer: A

204. At frequencies below 1.5 MHz, what propagation provides the best coverage?

A. Ground wave
B. Space Wave
C. Sky Wave
D. All of these
Answer: A

205. Which of these causes the wavefront to tilt progressively forward?

A. Gradient density
B. Electric field intensity
C. Absorption coefficient
D. Magnetic field intensity
Answer: A

206. The curvature of the earth presents a horizon to space wave propagation which is approximately 4/3 that of the optical
horizon.

A. Standard atmosphere
B. Optical horizon
C. Radio horizon
D. All of these
Answer: C

207. A special condition which occurs when the density of the lower atmosphere is such that electromagnetic
waves are trapped between it and earth’s surface

A. Duct propagation
B. Sky wave propagation
C. Space wave propagation
D. Ground wave propagation
 Answer: A

208. Refers to the shortest distance in which sky-wave signal will be returned to the earth. It includes the maximum ground-wave
range and the width of the skip zone.

A. Hop
B. Skip distance
C. Actual distance
D. Critical distance
Answer: B

209. Concerns to the highest frequency that is able to return to earth when beamed at a certain angle of incidence

A. Relative frequency
B. Optimum frequency
C. Resonant frequency
D. Maximum usable frequency, MUF
Answer: D

210. In _____, the distance of each succeeding hop from earth to ionosphere and back is also the skip distance.

A. Hop Transmission
B. Single Transmission
C. Unihop Transmission
D. Multihop Transmission
Answer: D

211. Concerns to the single reflection of a radio wave from the ionosphere back to earth.

A. Jog
B. Hop
C. Skip
D. Fading
Answer: B

212. Which layer does not disappear at night?

A. D
B. E
C. F1
D. F2
Answer: D

213. What theorem sets a limit on the maximum capacity of a channel with a given noise level?

A. Nyquist theorem
B. Hartley law
C. Shannon-Hartley theorem
D. Shannon theorem
Answer: C

214. What is the impedance of a balance 4-wire with a diameter of 0.25 cm and spaced 2.5 cm apart using an insulator with a
dielectric constant of 2.56?
 A. 100Ω
B. 65Ω
C. 75Ω
D. 50Ω
Answer: A

215. The random and unpredictable electrical signal from natural causes, both internal and external to the system is known as ____.

A. Distortion
B. Noise
C. Attenuation
D. Interference
Answer: B

216. The equation for a full-carrier AM is:

A. v(t) = (Ec + Em) x sin(ωct)

B. v(t) = (Ec + Em) x sin(ωmt) + sin(ωct)
C. v(t) = (Ec x Em) x sin(ωmt) x sin(ωct)
D. v(t) = (Ec + Em sin(ωmt)) x sin(ωct)
Answer: D

217. The SC in SSBSC stands for:

A. Single-Carrier
B. Suppressed-Carrier
C. Sideband-Carrier
D. None of the choices
Answer: B

218. An FM receiver switching suddenly between two stations on nearby frequencies is called:

A. The Capture Effect

B. The Threshold Effect
C. The “Two-Stations” Effect
D. None of the above
Answer: A

219. The two basic specifications for a receiver are:

A. The sensitivity and the selectivity

B. The number of converters and the numbers of IFs
C. The spurious response and the tracking
D. The signal and the noise
Answer: A

220. “Skin-effect” refers to:

A. The way radio signals travels across a flat surface

B. The tissue-burning effect of a strong RF signal
 C. The increase of wire resistance with frequency
D. None of the above
Answer: C

221. Image frequencies occur when two signals:

A. Are transmitted on the same frequency '

B. Enter the mixer, with one being a reflected signal equal to the IF frequency
C. Enter the mixer, one below and one above the local oscillator by a difference equal to the IF
D. Enter the mixer, and the difference between the two signals is equal to twice the IF
Answer: C

222. Image frequency problems would be reduced by:

A. having an IF amplifier with the proper shape factor

B. having a wideband RF amplifier after the mixer
C. having a narrowband RF amplifier before the mixer
D. none of the above
Answer: C

223. Hartley’s Law is:

A. I = kTB
B. C = 2Blog2M
C. C = Blog2(1 + S/N)
D. FS = 2FMAX
Answer: A

224. The Shannon-Hartley theorem is:

A. I = kTB
B. C = 2Blog2M
C. C = Blog2(1 + S/N)
D. FS = 2FMAX
Answer: B

225. The Shannon-Limit theorem is: :

A. I = kTB
B. C = 2Blog2M
C. C = Blog2(1 + S/N)
D. FS = 2FMAX
Answer: C

226. The Nyquist Rate can be expressed as: :

A. I = kTB
B. C = 2Blog2M
C. C = Blog2(1 + S/N)
D. FS = 2FMAX
Answer: D
227. DTMF stands for: :

A. Digital Telephone Multiple Frequency

B. Dial Tone Master Frequency
C. Dual Tone Multifrequency
D. Digital Trunk Maser Frequency
Answer: C

228. PSTN stands for:

A. Public Switched Telephone Network

B. Private Switched Telephone Network
C. Primary Service Telephone Network
D. Primary Service Telephone Numbers
Answer: A

229. The range of DC current that flows through a telephone is:

A. 20 µA to 80 µA
B. 200 µA to 800 µA
C. 2 mA to 8mA
D. 20 mA to 80 mA
Answer: D

230. The number of voice channels in a basic FDM group is:

A. 6
B. 12
C. 24
D. 60
Answer: B

231. ASCII stands for:

A. American Standard Character-set 2

B. American Standard Code for Information Interchange
C. American Standard Code 2
D. Alphanumeric Standard Code for Information
Interchange
Answer: B

232. An example of an unbalanced line is:

A. A coaxial cable
B. 300-ohm twin-lead TV cable
C. An open-wire-line cable
D. All of the above
Answer: A

233. As frequency increases, the resistance of the wire:

 A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stays the same
D. Changes periodically
Answer: A

234. For best matching, the load on a cable should be:

A. Lower than ZO
B. Higher than ZO
C. Equal to ZO
D. 50 Ω
Answer: C

235. A positive voltage pulse sent down a transmission line terminated in a SHORT-CIRCUIT:

A. would reflect as a positive pulse

B. would reflect as a negative pulse
C. would reflect as a positive pulse followed by a
negative pulse D. would not reflect at all
Answer: B

236. A positive voltage pulse sent down a transmission line terminated with its CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE:

A. would reflect as a positive pulse

B. would reflect as a negative pulse
C. would reflect as a positive pulse followed by a negative pulse
D. would not reflect at all
Answer: D

237. A positive voltage pulse sent down a transmission line terminated in an OPEN-CIRCUIT:

A. would reflect as a positive pulse

B. would reflect as a negative pulse
C. would reflect as a positive pulse followed by a
negative pulse
D. would not reflect at all
Answer: A

238. The optimum value for SWR is:

A. Zero
B. One
C. As large as possible
D. There is no optimum value
Answer: B

239. Which is the possible polarization for an electromagnetic wave:

A. Vertical
B. Horizontal
C. Circular
 D. All of the above
Answer: D

240. The “attenuation of free space” is due to:

A. Losses in the characteristic impedance of free space

B. Losses due to absorption in the upper atmosphere
C. The decrease in energy per square meter due to expansion of the wavefront
D. The decrease in energy per square meter due to absorption of the wavefront
Answer: C

241. Spaces waves are:

A. line-of-sight
B. reflected off the ionosphere
C. same as sky waves
D. radio waves used for satellite communications
Answer: A

242. A “repeater” is used to:

A. Sends a message multiple times over a channel

B. Send a message over multiple channels at the same time
C. Extend the range of radio communication systems
D. Cancels the effects of fading
Answer: C

243. NTSC stands for:

A. National Television Systems Commission

B. National Television Systems Committee
C. National Television Systems Council
D. Nippon Television Systems Commission
Answer: B

244. The relation between information and bandwidth is called:

A. Information Theory
B. Fourier Analysis
C. FFT
D. Hartley’s Law

Answer: D