1 MDBO2006-EN
Page1
ABB Network Controi
& Protection
(90603)
Features eGreat flexibility in mounting and wiring
eProtection relays can be delivered in pre-
wired and factory tested cubicles or as indi-
vidual relays
Application COMBIFLEX generator protection relays can
be applied to any generator or other rotating ac
machines. They are particularly suitable for
generators in the range of 5 to 100 MVA where
great flexibility in application is desired. Individ-
ual relays can be used complementary to other
protection relay families or packages. For 'arge
machines, subdivision into dual schemes e.g.
mai n I and mai n II can easily be made.
Besides the generator relays described here, a
great number of protection relays of multipur-
pose type are available (see References).
Short-circuit protection
Stator differential relays are commonly used.
Depending on the earthing system, earth faults
mayaiso be detected.
The RADSG is used to provide high-speed
protection of any generator stator winding for
phase faults. Long dc time constant of large
synchronous generators may result in fully off-
set asymmetrical fault current for an apprecia-
ble time. Studies have shown that 250 ms may
el ap se before a zero-crossing of the fault cur-
rent occurs. Generator CT's will most likely sat-
urate during this period and remain so until the
current goes through zero crossing. This would
result in delayed operation of slower speed
conventionai differential relays. The RADSG
relay uses instantaneous measuring quantities
and detects an internai fault within 1-3 ms
(5-10 ms to trip) resulting in a correct operation
prior to CT saturation. RADSG can therefore be
applied with CT's of standard design. Air-
March1992
Changed since August 1990
Dala subjectlo changew~oul nolice
(90641)
-Each protection relay is independent with
its own dc supply and secondary tesl:ing
facilities
-SuitabJe for generators and other rotating
ac machines
gapped CT cores are not required, but can be
used. Low knee-point voltage, typically in the
range of 60 V (with 5 A rating) is acceptable.
.Interposing CT's are normally used to reduce
the relaycurrent to 1 or2 A, and to lower the
saturation voltage imposed on the relay.
The main CT secondary circuit resistance,
should be limited to 125 ohms, including CT's.
This guarantees correct operation irrespective
of fault-<:urrent magnitude or saturation.
An overcurrent supervision relay is included for
added security. To trip multiple breakers and to
provide additional output functions, a separate-
ly mounted latching relay is optional.
The RADHA relay is a three-phase high im-
pedance differential relay, generally suitable for
small to medium generators. This relay is de-
scribed in other documents and used when
(10-20 ms) tripping times are acceptable and
where dedicated CT's are available.
Stator earth fault
The common practice to earth the generator
neutral through a resistor limits the earth cur-
rent to 5-10 A. The COMBIFLEX stator earth
fault relays are based on detection of the fun-
damental and third harmonic voltages in the
neutral (or broken delta).
The (RXIG 28) 95% stator earth fault rel:ay is
set at 5% of maximum neutral voltage at solid
earth faults. At this setting 95% of the stator
winding and also the generator bus and ancil-
laries up to the next step-up transformer are
protected.
ABB Network Controi COMBIFLEX
& Protection Generator protection relays
Application (cont'd) The RAGEA relay covers 100% of the stator
winding and consists of a 95% measuring ele-
ment (as RXIG 28 above) and an additional
element covering as a minimum 95-100% of
U'v vvi"di,,~. II~' af'f'li"alivll i~ ba~vd vllavaila-
blity of a minimum 1% third harmonic voltage at
the neutral
.above
When more than the minimum 1 % third-har-
monic voltage exists, the operating zone of the
third harmonic 95-100% protection can be fur-
the r extended and the set operating value of
the 95% protection can be increased. A reduc-
tion in the operating time for the 95% protection
is then feasible without any loss in security.
The third-harmonic detector is supervised by
either a generator phase-tO-'phase voltage, or
generator current. The third-harmonic relay.
setting is determined from the amount of gener-
ator neutral third-harmonic voltages. Calcula-
tions can be based on machine specifications
and equipment capacitances or on field mea-
surements. Whe~ vo~tage s~pervision is l;Ised,
the 100% protectlon IS pr~vlded even during.
startup, when the voltage IS above the supervl-
sion relay operate level.
.loading
Roto~field
The ea~h f~u.ltIS normally
clrcult protectlon kept .anced
Isolated from
earth. A single earth fault is therefore not of im-
mediate danger. A s~cond fault can cause seri-
ous damage. Signalllng and alarm or delayed
tripping of the first earth fault is therefore sutfi-
cient.
.sustain
The (RXNB4) ro~or earth faL!lt ~el?y IS used
w~en the excitation voltage IS ~1~lte~ to 600 V.
It IS b?sed on 48 V dc voltage Injectlon to t~e
negative pole. When a fault occurs, a certaln
contribution to the injection voltage is obtained
depending on the actual field voltage and loca-
tion of the fault. The sensitivity is therefore a
linear function of added excitation voltage.
The RAGRA rela~ provi.des selective ac and dc
.8f:irth.fault protectlon. It I~ based on ac voltag~
Inj~ctlon to enable detectlon regardless of ex,cl-
tatlon voltag~ level. (up to 18~q V)~ faul~ locatlon
and connection point for the Injectlon ~Ignal.
T.he rotor ~haft must not be earthed with a
hlgher reslstance than 50 ohms.
The voltage injection is made either single- or
double-pole to the dc-side of the excitation
system or to the neutral point of the ac-side.
Double-pole injectiC}n to the dc-s!de is ~o be
recc:>mmended If sul~ab~eco~ne~tlo~ polnts are
avallable c:>n.
th.e exclta~lon clrcult, since the:
method mlmmlzes the Influence of harmomcs.
Loss-of-excitation protection
The RAG.P~ relay giy~s an alarm fa;r gen~ra~or
underexcltatlOn.co~dltlons and proy~de~ tripping
for loss-of-excltatlon. A fault condltlon IS de-
tected by the relay when the generator acceler-
ates and draws reactive power from the system
in order to maintain the active power output as
received from the primed mover. The resulting
induced currents in the rotor may cause dan-
gerous overheating, particularly for cylindrical
rotor turbogenerators. The magnitude of reac-
tive power drawn from the system is a function
of the machine reactance and the system
source impedance. The res;ultant current wi~1
not be steady, but is pulsatIng, and conventlon-
1R3V08 J,1W0A8 A38A
al time delayed overcurrent relays cannot ade-
quately protect the generator; therefore, special
loss-of-excitation relays are required to ensure
tripping.
-rL..- n Ar"'n,.. __1__- 1_- L..- 1 ...L -_:
The RAGF:'C relay.ca~ also be u~ed where par-
allel machlnes malntaln the terminal voltage
0.85 p.u. on the machine having lost ex..
citation. The relay therefore includes a current
detector set at 1.1 p.u. current. The current re-
ceived by the machine is generally in the order
of 2-5 times rated, at lost excitation.
..
The RAGPC relay 1.5sultable for all.types of
sy~c~rc:>nous machlnes. The operating ~harac-
terlstlc IS normally set as close as posslble to
t~e therma~ capability curve for the underex-
clted machlne.
.
Negative sequence.current protectlon
When the generator IS connected t.o balan?ed
load t~e phase curre:nts are equaJ In magmtud~3
and displaced electrlcally by 120 .
The RARIB relay provides protection against
excessive rotor heating that may occur due to
unbalanced phase currents. Single-phase and!
two-phase faults, phase rupture or asymmetri(~
on the system can give rise to unbal-
rents currents ' hence negative sequence cur-
.
If the negative sequence current is of high ma!~-
nitude, or if it persists for long periods of time,
rotor parts can be damaged due to overheatin!~.
It is normally assumed that a generator can
negative sequence currents which ex-
ceed a given minimum value for a period of
time, t, which is determined from the following
equation:
t = KI(( IM ) 2
nBC
where
IM = Rated current of the machine
Insc = Negative sequence current
t = Time in seconds
K = A constant in seconds that is
characteristic for the generator.
This constant represents the
le.ngth of time the .machine can
with stand a negative sequence
current equal to rated current.
The validity of the equation is based on the as-
sumption that all the energy generated by the
negative sequence current is transmitted in the
form of heat to the rotor, without any Iosses to
the surroundings.
In reality, part of this heat is dissipated to the
surrounding cooling medium and to the stator. If
the negative sequence current is of a continu-
ous nature, a thermal balance will be obtained.
...
Hydro generators hav/ng damper w/nd/ngs can
orten sus~ain high levels of negative sequenC;:l~
current w/thout damage. However m?dern, dl-'
rect-cooled turbogenerators ?n~ sallent pole
generators without damper wlndln!;)S, ca~ be
damaged and must therefore be trlpped If neg-
atiye sequence currents excee~ 5% of ~he ma-
chine ra~~d current for long periods of time or
as spec/f/ed by standards.
ABB Network Controi COMBIFLEX
& Protection Generator protection relays
The RARIB provides a trip and alarm setting
capability corresponding to the machine capa-
bility.
In addition, the inverse-time circuitry incorpo-
rates a memory function that takes inta consid-
eration negative sequence currents that have
not caused tripping due to their short duration.
Repetitive, short duration, negative sequence
currents can be accumulated and when the set
value is reached, tripping is obtained.
The memory function provides the relay with a
selectable resetting function that can be
adapted to the cooling down time of the ma-
chine.
The relay cooling down time, ta, in seconds is
given by equation
where b is a factory set constant in steps be-
tween O and 6.
Reverse power protection
The purpose of the reverse power relay is basi-
cally to prevent damage on the prime mover
(turbine).
When the input to the prime mover is lost, the
generator functions as a synchronous compen-
gator. This may lead to damage of the turbine
blades, bearings or in cage of motors, insuffi-
cient lubrication. Especially for turbogenerators,
the active power supplied to a machine running
as synchronous compensator may be as low as
1 % of the generator rated power.
The small active power to the machine,
depending on the excitation level, may be com-
bined with a substantiai reactive current. In
order to secure operation in this cage, the an-
gular error of the total measuring circuit (voIt-
age and current transformers plus relay) must
be extremely small. Correction of the angular
error may be required when the reverse power
is less than 2% of rating.
The (RXPE 40) reverse power relay is based
on single-phase measurement of generator
current. A setting, down to 0.5% of rated gener-
ator current is possible. It has an extremely low
power consumption at operation and a small
angular error, with correction possibilities.
Shaft current protection
If the bearing insulation on rotating machines
breaks down, the induced voltage between
shaft ends from machine dissymmetries
creates a shaft current that can damage the
bearings or other vital parts. The damage de-
pends on the shaft-current magnitude and du-
ration. It is therefore desirable to provide sensi-
tive protection that can detect shaft currents of
1 A or less. The shaft-current measuring princi-
Other protection functions Suitable relay type in COMBIFLEX
family, see description
Thermal overload RXVE
Phase interturn RXIG
Over/under voltage RXEG
Over/under frequency RXFE
Overcurrent and earth fault RXIG
1 MDBO2006-EN
Page 3
ple enables more sensitive protection than
shaft-voltage measurements or vibration-moni-
toring. Vibration monitors on ly operate after the
bearing is damaged. By applying RARIC, the
machine can be tripped and the cause of the
bearing insulation breakdown can often be
eliminated before the bearing is damaged.
The RARIC relay is available in two versions.
Version 1, most common, measures the funda-
mental ac component in the shaft current. If the
lowest setting can be used (small distur-
bances), the relay can detect primary shaft cur-
rents of 0.25-0.8 A. Version 2 is used when the I
shaft-current transformer is exposed to large
fundamentalleakage flux from the machine.
Version 2 measures the third harmonic ac com-
ponent in the shaft current and can, at its: low-
est setting, (0.5 mA) detect primary shaft cur- -
rents of 0.25-0.8 A, 150 Hz. The shaft voltage ;
must contain a third harmonic component if ver-
sion 2 is to be used.
A shaft-current transformer is required for the
relay measurement of the shaft current.
Inadvertent energization protection
Accidental energization of generators at stand-
still or on turning-gear can lead to catastrophic
failures of the generator and other related pow- L
er station equipment. Generally, the time to
damage the generator stator from the high in- ;-
rush currents received during energization at j
stand still is in the order of a few seconds. The
bearing, however, may be damaged more r
quickly due to the lack of oil pressure. Since
conventionai protection relays do not provide
adequate protection when the generator is out-
of-service, a dedicated high-speed protection
is recommended by most major equipment '
manufacturers.
The RAGUA relay prevents damage due to ac-
cidental energization to the network. Tripping
time is about 8 ms.
Synchronizing
The RASA 4 synchronizing relay is intencled for
automatic synchronizing of smaller generators.
The synchronizing pulse to the circuit-breaker
is given just prior to actual synchronism, to
compensate for circuit-breaker closing time.
Version A has a settable maximum frequency
difference of 0.2-0.4 Hz and is used in small
power systems e.g. aboard ships.
Version B has a fixed maximum frequency dif-
ference of 2 Hz and is used to synchroniz;e
small generators e.g. standby- or hydrogenera-
tors to stronge r power systems. It has a IE~ad
time which automatically adapts itself to the
actual beat frequency. Approximately 40 ms is
allowed in the compensation-circuit fo! the cir-
cuit-breaker closing time.
Very small frequency differences can enable
operation, however, synchronizing pulse is not
obtained when no frequency difference exists.
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ABB Network Controi COMBIFLEX
& Protection Generator protection relays
Design General
Generator protection relays in the GOMBIFLEX
family are mainly built up of standard plug-in
units and offer the following advantages:
-Great flexibility in mounting and wiring,
hence, easily adapted to user's practice re-
garding included relays and the number of
output functions. The user's requirement on
contacts for tripping and external signalling
as weil as indicating flagg or light emitting
di odes (LED's) for start and tripping func-
tions, etc. are easily met.
-Modifications and extension can easily be
made.
-Pre-wired and factory-tested equipment in
cubicles assures easy installation and re-
duces commissioning work to a minimum.
-Static relays with low power consumption in
the measuring circuits reduce the burden on
GT's and, hence, the saturation effects.
-Built-in testing system GOMBITEST simpli-
fies the maintenance testing.
-The number of spare parts is reduced by us-
ing the same type of plug-in unit in several
protection relays.
The protection relays can be delivered in cu-
bicles or as stand-alone units and, when de-
sired, combined with relays from other ABB
relay families or according to the user's choice.
The GOMBIFLEX protection relays are supplied
complete for connection to the station battery.
The trip and signal contacts of medium dufy
type generally have sufficient making and
breaking capacity for direct connection to trip
coils and other external equipment.
Relays are in some cages available with or
without internai visual signalling. This opens the
possibility to group signals together in a com-
mon rack or outside the protection cubicle.
Generally, several potential free contacts are
available for external function.
A protection cubicle (system) would normally
include
-Dc supply supervision with flag relays for the
whole cubicle
-Individual protection relays according to
requirements
-Signalling, either in each relay or grouped
together in the cubicle
-Grouping of trip signals and separately
mounted (in the cubicle) tripping relays type
RXME, RXMH or RXMVB, all with heavy
dufy contacts and with free choice of number
of trip contacts.
Where division into two protection groups is
required, relays can freely be placed in sepa-
rate cubicles, due to redundancy requirements.
For a systematic approch, please contact ABB
Relays.
Each protection relay is equipped with a test
switch, type RTXP. This facilitates secondary
injection testing (settings are mainly performed
on the front of the relay). Resetting of flag and
LED indications are also made on the relay's
front). The relays are supplied on mounting
bars, or if specified, in 19" racks. Optionally, 19"
racks or cages, type RHGX, can be supplied
separatelyor with the relay mounted.
1 MDBO2006-EI~
Page 4
RADSG
Stator differential relay
(800685;)
The RADSG is a three-phase differential relay
for up to six input circuits. One measuring cir-
cuit per phase detects phase and earth faults.
High-speed'electromechanical outputrelays,
one per phase, seal-in automatically and reset
after a 20 ms-99 s set time. An impulse storin!~
device is used on each output relay to assure
pick-up on the first half cycle even during CT
saturation. A voltage operated, hand reset flag
is provided for each phase. The minimum dif-
ferential operating current is approximately 0.014
A, which corresponds to a sensitivitY of appro):i-
mately four I}ercent of the main CT current rat..
ing based on1A input at rated CT current. The
differential current must also exceed the over-
current supervising relay setting of 0.04 A (nor-
mally), to permit tripping.
The standard slope setting is 20% for the re-
straint characteristic. The operate characteristic
for an internai fault is different, having alarger
operating area due to the phase shift between
fault current and the restraint load current.
Interposing CT's are used to match the relay
rating to the main CT rating. They are available
for most ratios and for separate mounting.
The RADSG relay is available in two versions.
Version A:
The relay is housed in a 4U 19" rack and the
transformer plate (4U 19") is delivered sepa-
rate ly
Version B:
The relay + plate are mounted and wired to-
gether in an BU 19" rack.
(AXIG 28) 95% Stator earth fault relay
The relay consists of an RTXP 18 test switch, a
fundamental frequency relay comprising of third
harmonic rejection filter, RXIG 28 overcurrent
relay with a voltage scale, a RXKE time-relay
and a RXSF signal relay.
If a fundamental neutral overvoltage is sensed
(50 or 60 Hz or during startup, a lower frequen-
cy) exceeding the operating value of the funda-
mental frequency relay, this will trip the ma-
chine after a set time and also produce a flag
indication.
ABB Network Controi COMBIFLEX
& Protection Generator protection relays
RAGEA
100% Stator earth fault relay
RAGEA consists of an RTXP 18 test switch, a
third harmonic rejection filter with an RXIG 28
relay to sense fundamental overvoltage, funda-
mental frequency rejection filter with an RXIG 21
relay, to sense third harmonic undervoltage,
two RXKE 1 timers for output signal delay, one
RXSF 1 with two flags, and either an RXIG 21
or RXEG 21, for current or voltage supervision.
If a fundamental (or, during startup, a lower fre-
quency) neutral overvoltage is sensed, the
overvoltage relay will pick-up and start the
overvoltage timer which will produce a flag and
a contact output for tripping. When the genera-
tor voltage has sufficient third harmonic, alter
the pick-up of the phase-to-phase voltage or
phase current supervision relay, the undervoI-
tage relay will drop out only if there is a fault
close to or at the neutral. Drop out of the under-
voitage relay will start the undervoltage timer;
alter the set time a flag will show, and a contact
output for tripping or alarm will simultaneously
close.
Settings are applied to the individual relay mod-
ules by means of dials on the front of RAGEA,
accessible through normally covered holes on
the relay modules.
RAGRA
Rotor earth fault relay
The RAGRA relay consists of two separate
units, the voltage injection unit, RTTH, and the
relay itself. The voltage injection unit should be
installed as close to the injection points as pos-
sible. It is housed in an enclosure.
The RAGRA relay comprises:
-An RTXP 18 test switch for secondary injec-
tion test.
-An RTQTD 60 transformer unit containing
two voltage transformers to adapt the input
auxiliary voltage to the electric circuits in the
measuring unit and a current transformer to
adapt the measuring current from the injec-
tion unit.
-An RXRDA 4 measuring unit containing the
measuring circuits and the setting knobs for
dc alarm, trip levels and time delay. The ac
earth fault operate level and time (5 sec-
onds) are fixed.
-Two RXSF 1 flag relays indicating:
-Loss of internai dc power supply (Yellow)
-Ac earth fault trip (Red)
-Dc earth fault alarm (Yellow)
-Dc earth fault tri p (Red)
A lead jacket cable which is capable of with-
standing 5 kV, 50 Hz is used for connecting the
RTTH to the field circuit.
1 MDBO2()IO6-EN
Page 5
(RXNB 4)
Rotor earth fault relay
(92137)
The rotor earth fault relay (RXNB) is available
in two versions; one for maximum 300 Vand
another for maximum 600 V excitation voltage.
The relay consists of:
-An RTXP 18 test switch for secondary injec-
tian test.
-An injection circuit resistor to limit the I~urrent
to the measuring relay.
-An RXNB 4 insulation measuring relay.
The relay is connected with an ac voltage U1
(see Technical data). This voltage is trans-
formed, rectified and stabilized in the measur-
ing relay RXNB 4 to the dc auxiliary supply
voltage for the static circuits (24 V) and the in-
jection dc voltage for the excitation winding
(48 V).
In the event of an earth fault or a reduction in
the excitation winding insulation resistance, the
imposed voltage will give rise to a currenL
When the current exceeds the level detector
operate value an electromechanical output
relay is energized after approximately 11 s. Si-
multaneously, a LED is lit and will remain lit as
long as the earth fault remains. The 11 second
delay prevents unwanted output signals clue to
short duration increases in the field winding
voltage.
The relay operates for an insulation resistance
Rx dependent upon the voltage Ux when
U +48 .
Rx < -~-:r- 4.5 kohm for 300 V version
and
R Ux + 48 .
x < 2.5 -15 kohm for 600 V version
where Ux = the excitation voltage contribution
measured between the point of fault and 1:he
negative terminal of the excitation circuit.
RAGPC
Loss-of-excitation relay
The measuring part in the RAGPC relay is the
RXPE 40 directional overcurrent relay. The
characteristic angle of 750 leading is achieved
by the connection to the phases and to a resis-
tor unit RXTMA 1 connected between two
phases. The RXPE 40 relay unit operates a
time relay RXKF 1 to alarm for under excitation.
Type RAGPC also contains the RXEG 21. un-
ABB Network Controi COMBIFLEX
& Protection Generator protection relays
Design (cont'd) dervoltage supervision unit, that operates in
addition to RXPE, for the loss-of-excitation
condition and a current unit RXIG 21 used for
trip supervision. An RTXP 18 test switch is pro-
vided for secondary injection testing.
RARIB
Negative sequence current relay
(SE 90603)
The RARIB relay is built up of six units
mounted on two apparatus bars.
The RXTBIC 4, negative phase sequence cur-
rent filter, contains two transformers, one ampli-
fier and a low-pass filter which reduces har-
monics in the three-phase current. The filter is
connected to eliminate any influence of zero-
sequence current. An option al instrument am-
plifier can be included in the filter for connecting
to an optional instrument that indicates the neg-
ative phase sequence current, Insc.
The RXIEK 2H, measuring unit, contains twO
level detectors, for alarm and start, and four
output relays for alarm, start, tripping, and
blocking. On the front of the unit are thr~e po-
tentiometers for making the following settings:
-Adaption of the relay current to the rated cur-
rent of the machine, IM. The scale is gra-
duated (0.7-1.1) x In.
-Operate value for Alarm with scale gra-
duated 3-9% or 7-21% of IM.
-Operate value for Start with scale graduated
4-16% or 10.--40% of IM.
On the front there are also LED's that indicate
Alarm, Start, Trip and Block, and a Reset but-
ton for the Alarm, Start and Trip indications.
The Block LED follows the pulses to the bIock-
ing relay.
The RXKEB 2H, timing unit, incorporates two
time delay circuits; one for definite-time-delay
of the alarm signal and one for inverse time-
delay for the tripping and blocking functions. On
the front, six toggle switches are used for set-
ting of the time constant, K. The setting can be
made in steps of 1 s up to a maximum of 63 s.
The bottom switch is used for selecting the ti-
me-delay of the alarm signal: OFF is equal to a
0.1 s time-delay and ON is equal to a 6 s time-
delay. The switch immediately above this one is
not used.
The cooling down time-constant is internally
prograry'lmable in 7 steps (b = 0-6) and set be-
fore delivery.
(RXPE 40) Reverse power relay
The reverse power relay is available in several
versions. The relay contains one current direc-
tional relay, RXPE 40, completed with one or
1 MDBO2006-I:N
Page 6
two timers, type RXKF 1, and one output rela~v,
type RXME 18, with flag and heavy duty con-
tacts or type RXSF 1, with flag and medium
duty contacts.
Versions with or without the phase-angle cor-
rection unit, type RXTMB 1, are available.
The RXTMB 1 phase-angle compensating unit
is connected into the polarizing voltage circuits
of RXPE 40. The unit contains an RC circuit
with a potentiometer. By varying the resistance
value, the unit can be set to give a positive
phase displacement of 0-4 degrees in the po-
larizing voltage circuit of RXPE 40.
RARIC
Shaft-current relay
The RARIC relay includes a test switch, type
RTXP 18, ac-dc converter, overcurrent relay,
type RXIK 1, time relay, type RXKF 1, medium-
duty relay, type RXMA 1 and heavy-duty trip
relay, type RXME 18. Version 2 also includes ,a
filter which attenuates the fundamental current
into the relay.
A hand reset flag indicates operation. The nec:-
essary time-delay for tripping is provided by
the RXKF 1.
The overcurrent relay includes surge suppres-.
sion filteringon the input and has an output th,at
is maintained even in cases of intermittent shaft
currents.
The shaft-current transformer, type ILDD, is
available for shafts with a diameter from 150 to
3000 mm. The core is made in two or four sec-
tions. for mounting between the rotor and the
nearest bearing on the side of the rotor with o ut
slip rings. The transformer uses special mag-
netic iron and has a uniformly distributed wind-
ing and a test winding for testing the relay. To
mount the shaft-current transformer around thle
shaft, an axial distance of 250 mm or more is
recommended. The inner diameter of the shaft-
current transformer should be at least 20 mm
larger than the shaft diameter.
The test switch enables a complete test of
RARIC and the shaft-current transformer.
RAGUA
Dead machine relay
The RAGUA is a three-phase static overcur-
rent relay with voltage supervision.
It includes instantaneous overcurrent relays,
type RXIB 24, which are permitted to tri p only
after the generator voltage has dropped below
a set value, e.g. 85% of nominal voltage for a
certain set period.
The voltage is supervised by voltage relay,
RXEG, in two phases (separately fused) which
are both required to operate to permit tripping.
This prevents a false operation in case of re-
moved or blown fuses in the voltage circuit.
A flag relay, RXSF 1, is incorporated to alarm
for voltage disagreement and trip.
The undervoltage relays controi two RXKE tim-
ers. One timer is used to ensure that tripping
will not be delayed by momentary generator
transients greater than the setting of the volt-
age relays. During normal startup, this timer
keeps RAGUA in service beyond 85% voltage
relay setting.
The other timer delays tripping when both un-
dervoltage relays operate. This time is essentiai
A88 Network Controi COMBIFLEX 1 MDBO2(JIO6-EN
& Protection Generator protection relays Page 7

as close-in faults may drop the generator volt-
age below the undervoltage setting. It also pro-
vides supplementary backup protection for
close-in faults. A two second delay is recom-
mended.
RASA 4
Synchronizing relay
RASA 4 is a four seat plug-in unit that clontains
two voltage input-transformers, static measu-
ring-circuits, blocking and output relays for the
synchronization of breakers. The input trans-
former, which is connected to the network volt-
age, provides the relay with auxiliary vol1:age
after rectification and smoothing. The other in-
put transformer is supplied with the difference
between the network voltage and generated
voltage when an external synchronizing--switch
is active.
A blocking relay prevents an output signal in
case the output relay is closed when the exter-
nal synchronizing switch is activated. The LED
on the front indicates blocking.
A front-connected screw terminal panel base,
RXZ 41 , can be used for surface mountirlg of
RASA 4. The four-seat plug in unit can also be
mounted in a 19" equipment frame or RHGX
panel mounting case together with other relays.

(92664)

Technicaldata
Common data, uniess Disturbance test:
otherwise specified 1 MHz burst test 2.5 kV, 2 s

Permissible ambient Auxiliary dc voltage 48,110, 125 or 250 V

temperature -5°C to +55°C
Output contact data See type RXMS 1
Permissable range of
80-110% of rated value Weight approx. 30 kg
auxiliary voltage supply
Dimension 4U rack + 4U plate or
Output contacts Reference is made to 8U rack
the output modules
described in other cata-
logues, in general auxil- Interposing CT's
iary relays Two different types may be used depending on
required secondary rated current. The standard
Insulation tests: secondary rating is 1 A, but the minimum primary
Dielectric test operating current of RADSG is reduced by fifty
current circuits 50 Hz, 2.5 kV, 1 min percent by selecting a 2 A rating. Alarger main
other circuits 50 Hz, 2.0 kV, 1 min CT secondary loop resistance is then permitted.

Impulse voltage test 5 kV; 1 .2/50 ILS,0.5 J

acc to IEC 255-5 SLCE12
Mounting and The relay are as- 140f700 t 0.3/8 ohms
connection sembled on bars for 700f700t 8/8 ohms
mounting in 19" racks 350f700t 2/8 ohms
or cages for flush
mounting, uniess other Knee-point voltage (at 1.6 T) = 300 V rms
specified. Connection is Magnetizing impedance (ZM) = 6.9 kohms
made with COMBIFLEX
sockets.
RADSG SLXE 4
Rated current 1 or 2 A 240/600 t 0.5/3.5 ohms
Rated frequency 5~O Hz Knee-point voltage (at 1.6 T) = 400 V rms
Magnetizing impedance (lM) = 3.8 kohms
Maximum continuous
current in Note:
restraint circuit 2A When calculating the minimum primary operating
differential circuit O.5A current of RADSG, the magnetizing impedances
of the mai n and auxiliary CT's must be taken inta
Short time current in account.
differential circuit at
50 s 0.5 A
1s 5A
Input diode rating 10 Arms, 1200 V PIV

Operate time (SR + dR) 1-3 ms

to trip 8-13 ms
ABB Network ControI COMBIFLEX 1 MDBO2006-I:N
& Protection Generator protection relays Page 8

Table 1 RADSG settings and approximate operating values

Pr is the heat dissipation in resistors Rd3 and Rs at rated through load IT3r = 2 A.
Recommended standard setting: S = 0.2, Rd3 = 5.0 ohms.
When 5/1 A auxiliary CT's are used the totalloop-resistance permitted in the 5 A circuits is:
Rx2 = 167/52 = 6.7 ohm

Stator earth fault relays

The data below is valid for RAGEA and parts referring to fundamental
frequencies are also valid for the 95% relay

Operating values

Power consumption
(at voltage = lowest setting)

Third harmonic RXIG 21 1.5mVA

with filter (RAGEA) 2mVA
Supervision RXEG 21
(RAGEA) 40-120 V 500 V 500 V 15 mVA
Supervision RXIG 21
(RAGEA) 1-3 A 20A 110A 15 mVA
Time delay:
Fundamental (RXKE 1) 0.02-99 s
3rd harmonic (RXKE 1) 0.02-99 s
Rated frequency 50 or 60 Hz

Auxiliary dc supply voltage 24,48--60,110-125,

220-250 V

Resetting ratio ?95% DV, 5.110% UV (third harmonic)

Filter characteristic Fundamental filter rejects third
harmonic by 18:1
Third harmonic filter reject1)
fundamental by 30:1

Dimension
RAGEA 4U BOG
95% relay 4U 24G

Output contacts data See RXIG 28, RXSF and RXKE

1)The rejection of the fundamental can be increased to approximately 80:1 by connecting the
relay via an adjustable resistor to an auxiliary voltage transformer with winding for fundamental
frequency compensation (altemative 1 in the terminal diagram). Suitable transformer is type
SLMF 121 for 120, 240/120, 132 V, 50 and 60 Hz. The resistor should be 30 ohms, 10 W for
the 0.15-0.45 V third harmoni c relay and 250 ohms, 5 W for 0.4-1.2 V relay.
ABB Network Controi COMBIFLEX 1 MDBO2006-EN
& Protection Generator protection relays Page 9

RAGRA rotor earth fault relay Dimensions

Measuring relay unit 4U 30C
Operate values
Voltage injection unit 480 x 300 x 250 mm
Rdc alarm Adjustable 1-5 kohm
Rdc trip Adjustable 0.2-1 kohm (H x W x D)
Rac trip 50/60 mA at 50/60 Hz Contactdata See RXSF 1
corresponds to
1-6.5/0.3-3 kohm at
Un = 200 V
2.5-13/1-10 kohm at
Un = 500 V
2-2511-20 kohm at
Un = 800 V
(Un = phase voltage
on ac side of excitation
system)
Reset ratio
Rdc alarm < 150%
Rdc trip < 120%
Rac trip < 120%

Time--{jelay on pick-up
Rdc alarm 5s
Rdc trip Adjustable 0.5-3 s
Rac trip 5s

Maximum excitation
voltage
Continuously 1800 V dc
For10s 2700 V dc
For 1 s 5900 V dc

Maximum permitted
main voltage on the ac
side
If the machine is to be
tripped for an ac earth
fault 1100 V ac

If the machine is not to

be tripped for an ac
earth fault 800Vac

Auxiliary voltage EL 110-120 V or

220-240 V, 50 or 60 Hz
RXNB 4 rotor earth fault relay
Permitted variation in .t.2% if Cj > 2 ~F
frequency of EL Operate value Approx. 2 kohm at
.t.10%ifCj<2~F Ux = OV and
45 kohm at Ux = 300 V
Permitted capacitance
in excitation circuit to Alternatively
earth Cj 0-5 ~F approx. 5 kohm at
Ux = OV and
Injected voltage 245 kohm at
between excitation approx. 40 V, Ux = 600 V
circuit and earth 50 or 60 Hz See Fig. 2

Power consumption Operate value

from aux. voltage EL dependency on varia-
at50Hz Max. 28 VA PF = 0.3 tions in the supply
at 60 Hz Max. 36 VA PF = 0.4 voltage Negligible

Insulation tests: Operate value depen-

Dielectric test voltage dency upon harmonics Negligible influence of
between in the field voltage 250 V, 150 Hz
injection circuit
Reset value 120-140% of operate
and earthed cage, 5 kV, 50 Hz for
value, see Fig. 2
aux. voltage 1 min
Operate delay Approx. 11 s
Contacts and equip-
ment frame, measuring 1.5 kV, 50 Hz for Injection voltage Um
unit 1 min between the field circuit
and earth 48Vdc
Disturbance tests:
1 MHz burst test Input resistance Approx. 4.5 kohm at
Common mode 2.5 kV, 2 s 300 Vand approx.
Transverse mode 2.5 kV, 2 S 14 kohm at 600 V exci.
Fast transient test 4-8 kV, 2 min tation voltage

Weight Value of the resistors in 3 kohm at 300 Vand

Measuring relay unit 5.2 kg the resistor unit 10 kohm at 600 V exci.
Voltage injection unit 17 kg tation voltage
ABB Network Controi COMBIFLEX 1 MDBO2006-Elt'IJ
& Protection Generator protection relays Page 10

Maximum permitted 300 V continuous Insulation test:

field voltage
Supply voltage, U1
Power consumption:
Supply voltage circuit
Measuring circuit
800 V for 9 seconds Dielectric test 50 Hz, 5 kV, 1 min
Alternatively
600 V continuous Disturbance test:
1500 V for 9 seconds 1 MHz burst test 2.5 kV, 2 s
100-120 V or Weight Approx. 4 kg
220-240 V, 5Q--60 Hz
Dimension 4U 30C
Approx. 5 VA at 110 V Contacts Two change--over
Approx. 6 VA at 220 V
Contact data See RXMM 1
Approx. 25 W at
Ux = 300 V or 600 V
of which approx. 20 W
in the chain of resistors

Curve A Curve B
Insulation Insulation
kAI resistance OA

250

200

150

100

7,
5-
..3OOV U, »O , MIIV

ContributionU. from the excitationvoltage Contribution

U. (romthe excitationvoltage (2006-2)

Fig. 2 Operate range RXNB 4. Curve A valid for the relay version 300 Vand curve B valid for
relay version up to 600 V excitation voltage

RAGPC loss of excitation relay Operation

Alarm level (1-3) x 3 or x 7% of IM
Rated current, In 1 or 5 A
Start level (1-4) x40rx 10% of IM
Rated voltage, Un 100-120 V, 50 or 60 Hz
Resetting ratio >95%
Auxiliary voltage, EL 24, 48-55, 110-125 or
220-250 V dc K-value 1-63 s in steps of 1 s

Power consumption See RXPE 40 Operate time for alarm 0.1 s or 6 s (settable)
Scale ranges for Is = 1 A 5 A
Consistency <2%
Directional relay 0.1-0.4 A 1-4 A
Overcurrent relay 0.5-1.5 A 2.5-7.5 A Operate time for
Undervoltage relay 40-120 V 40-120 V acc.to Fig. 3
tripping
Time range (RXKF) 0.08-1.2 s
Consistency <3%
Disturbance test:
1 MHz burst test K.170
common mode 2.5 kV, 2 s Cooling down time, ta 2b
transverse mode 1.0 kV, 2 s
Consistency < 5%
Output relay conIact
dala See RXSF 1 Power consumption in
auxiliary voltage circuits
Weight approx. 6 kg Before operation 10W
After operation 13W
Dimensions 4U 42C
Power consumption in
input circuits at
In = 1 or 2 A < 0.1 VA/phase
RARIB negative sequence current relay In=5A < 0.2 VA/phase
Rated current, In 1, 2 or 5 A Disturbance tests:
Power frequency test 50 Hz. 0.5 kV. 2 min
Setting, IM (0.7-1.1)xln Fast transient test 4-8 kV. 2 min
Rated frequency 50 or 60 Hz
1 MHz burst test
Auxiliary dc voltage, EL 24-36, 48-60 or common mode 2.5 kV, 2 s
110-250 V transverse mode 1.0 kV, 2 s
ABB Network Controi COMBIFLEX 1 MDBO2006-EN
& Protection Generator protection relays Page 11

Auxiliary voltage
dependency
Operate time < 0.13%/% voltage
change
Operate value < 0.01 %1% voltage
change
Temperature
dependency
Operate time < O.13%rC
Operate value < O.O5°lol°C

Frequency dependency
Within +2 Hz < 1% equivalent In c
With in :t:S Hz < 1.5% equivalent fnsc

Output contacts 3 make contacts for trip

and data duty, see RXMM 1

Output current from

optional instrument 4-20 mA corresponding
amplifier to 0-50% Insc

Dimension 4U 42C

(2006-3)

Fig. 3 Time delay to generate RARIB

(RXPE 40) reverse power relay

Current scales Max. current (A) Burden at lowest

(mA) Continuous for 1 s setting (mVA)
5-20 1.2 25 0.08
10-40 2.2 50 0.08
30-120 6 120 0.08
100-400 15 350 0.12

Auxiliary dc voltage and power consumption

--
Voltage rating Continuous After operation (W)

(V) (W) Versions with Versions with

1 time step1) 2 time steps1)

24 1.0 3.0 3.7

48 1.9 3.9 4.8
110/125 2.4-3.3 4.5-6.1 5.5-7.4
220/250 4.~.5 7.7-10.1 9.1-12.2
1) for relays with trjpreIay RXME18add 1 W

Rated ac voltage 110 V, 50-60 Hz Contact data See RXME 18, RXKF 1
and RXSF 1
Time range 0.2-3 or 2-30 s
(RXKF) For more detailed technical data see descriptions
for RXPE, RXKF and aux. relays. Please nate that
the current rating can not be increased by using a
current-limiting modul e with di odes when RXPE
40 is used as reverse power relay for generators.

RARIC Auxiliary voltage 100,110 and 220 V

50-60 Hz
Setling range (RXIK) Adjustable 0.5-2 mA,
50-60 Hz Power consumption
Before operation Approx. 2 VA
Operate shaft current at After operation Approx. 8 VA
setting 0.5 mA and
shaft diameters TimHelay Adjustable 2 to 30 s
150-3000 mm
Disturbance tests:
Version 1 0.25-0.8 A, Power frequency test 50 Hz, 0.5 kV, 2 min
50-60 Hz Fast transient test 4-8 kV, 2 min
1 MHz burst test 2.5 kV, 2 s
Version 2 0.25-0.8 A, 150 Hz
Contact data See RXME 18, RXMA 1
Reset ratio >90% and RXKF 1
Filter characteristic, The filter rejects the
version 2 fundamental by 70:1

Inputimpedance 80 ohm resistive

ABB Network Controi COMBIFLEX 1 MDBO2006-EN
& Protection Generator protection relays Page12

Weight Version 1: 4 kg Maximum operate fre-

Version 2: 5 kg quency difference
Version A 0.2-0.4 Hz (adjustable)
Dimensions Version 1: 4U 24C Version B 2Hz
Version 2: 4U 36C
Permitted voltage
RAGUA difference, U1-U2 10%1)
Rated frequency 50 or 60 Hz Maximum phase-angle
difference at synchro-
Scale ranges for
nizing
Current Version A Approx. 100
See catalogue
RXIB 24 Version B Approx. 150 (with circuit
breaker time = 40 ms)
Voltage See catalogue Lead time (version A)
RXEG 21 at 0.2 Hz Approx. 100 ms
Time range, RXKE 1 20 ms-99 s at 0.4 Hz Approx. 30 ms
Duration of synchroniz-
Operate time <8ms
ing pulse
Version A 150-250 ms
Version B 60-90 ms
Auxiliary dc voltage 48,110,125,220 or Power consumption
EL and AL 250 V U1 circuit Approx. 4 VA
U2 circuit Approx. 0.5 VA
Dimensions 4U 48C
Contact data See RXMM 1
Weight 6.7 kg
Disturbance test:
Contact data Six make contacts for 1 MHz burst test
trip duty, RXMS 1 and Common mode 2.5 kV, 2 s
RXSF 1. Transverse mode 1 kV, 2 s
RASA 4
Weight, both versions 1.45kg
Rated voltage Reconnectible for
U1 and U2 110-120 Vand Dimension 4U 12Cup
220-240 V 1) The relay operates for to 18% voltage differ-formances
ence, but for the best per the difference
Rated frequency 5G-60 Hz should be limited to 10%

Diagrams

(2006--4)

Fig.4 RADSG differential relay

Terminal diagram 7417 024-MA
 ASS Network Controi COMBIFLEX
& Protection Generator protection relays

11Q7 ,1191125 '1~

307 319 1325 1- 4U

(2006-6)
(RXNB 4) rotor earth fault relay
Terminal diagram 7432 0O19-ABB

I I
"'El

Fig.7 RAGRA rotor earth fault relay

Terminal diagram 7452 514-ABA

1101
ABB Network Controi COMBIFLEX 1 MDBO2006-E;N
& Protection Generator protection relays Page 14

Diagrams (cont'd)

~ uc

101 RTXP 18
107 RXPE40
119 RxIG 2
131 RXTMA 1
319 RXEG 2
331 RXKF 1
337 RXSF 1

1) Tripping etc.
2) Alarm etc.

I I
'Ul-
(2006--8)

Fig.8 RAGPC loss of excitation relay

L1 L2 LJ
Terminal diagram 7452 461-GAA (R)(S)(T)

I I !

4U

101 RTXP 18
107 RXTUG 21H
113 RXTBIC 4
125 RXIEK2H
131 RXKF 1
337 RXMM 1

1) Instrument for Insc %

to be ordered separately
2) Tripping etc.
3) Blocking of new start, indication etc
4) Start alarm
5) Delayed alarm
6) Alarm, tripping etc.
7) Alarm, loss of aux. voltage

30C

4U

101 RTXP18
107 RXPE40
119 RXTMB 1
125.325 RXKF 1
319 RXSF 1

1) Tripping etc.
2) Alarm etc.
3) Event recorder
4) Aux. contact on turbine stop cojl
 I.I(R>
---n+---'
L~-s;---r
L3<n--r+

r-- .-=- .--,,--. I I I

I h ~--il [ --tt I
A f < -= T1rij- i"\ ---:il!

I'
.I
I ~~~~
.I U
[ --~,
--l II
SYNCImN I Z I NG PULSE

---fuc:~:;:;~ I III
I I III
L__~ --+ ;..J
Fig.11 RASA synchronizing relay il ~
Terminal diagram 5891 027-1 (2006-11

Ordering Specify: Mounting:

.Type and/or designation .The assemblies are provided on apparatus
.Ordering No. bars. When addition al mounting is required
.Quantity specify a 4U equipment frame for 19" rack
.Auxiliary voltage, rated current, voltage mounting or a type RHGX 8, 12 or 20 case for
and frequency when appropriate panel mounting.
.Other product specific data, see respective
product
---
I DeSi9nation I Diagrams I Or~ring No. I Specific data
Terminal/Circuit

Differentiai-r:e-iay
RADSG Version A 7417 024- MA/-M RK 637 022-AA Specify Rd3 setting
RADSG Version B 7417024- BAA-/-BA RK 637 022-BA (standard = 5 ohms)
(BU rack)
---
Interposing CT's
SLCE 12 5/1 A - 4785 04o-BFB
SLCE 12 2/1 A 4785 04o-BFL
SLCE 12 1/1 A 4785 04o-BFC
SLXE 4 5/2 A 4785 04o-BEB
Stator earth faUlt-relays I Specify scale range
95% relayI for fundamental relay
without flag 7452469-AAN-AA RK 641 0O8-AA
RXIG 28.
with flag 7452469-CAN-CA RK 641 0O8-CA

RAGEA 100% relay Specity scale range

with voltage supervision for third harmonic
and no flags 7452467-ABA/-AB RK 646 011-AB relay RXIG 21 and
with voltage supervision supervision by
and flags 7452467-CBA/-CB RK 646 011-GB RXEG 21 or RXIG
with current supervision 21.
and no flags 7452467-ABA/-AB RK 646 012-AB
with current supervision
and flags 7452467-GBA/-CB RK 646 012-GB
Compensation voltage
transformer SLMF 121 4781 02G-UK
Rotor earth fault relays
(RXNB 4)
max. voltage 300 V 7432 0O19-ABB/-AB RK 641 007-B8
max. voltage 600 V 7432 0O19-ABB/-AB RK 641 007-AB
protective resistor for
max. voltage 300 V - I RK 795102-AC
max. voltage 600 V RK 795 102-AB
i

RAGRA 7452514-ABA/-AB i RK 643 0O4-AA !specity ac auxma-ry

voltage

II!
ABB Network Controi COMBIFLEX 1 MDBO2006-I:N
& Protection Generator protection relays Page 16

Designation Diagrams Ordering No. Specific data

Loss of excitation relay
RAGPC 7452461-CAA/-CA I RK 641 01O-CA
Negative sequence cur- Specify cooling do~'n
rent relay RARIB 7452 509-GAA/-GA RK 648 012-CA time facto r K x (170,
85,42,21,10,5.2 or
Optional: built-in'amplilfier 2.6)
and separately delivered Alarm and start
instrument for remote indi- levels
cation of Insc version 1: 3-9 resp.
4-16%
version 2: 7-21 resp.
10-40%
Reverse power relay with
with RXPE 40 trip relay flag relay
RXME18 RXSF1
One time step, no phase- 7432 0O8D-ACAI-AC I RK 651 21D-A8 x
angle correction unit 7432 080D-BCAI-BC RK 651 210-88 x
One time step, with phase- 7482 0O88-ABA/AB I RK 651 24Q-AA x
angle correction unit 7482 0O88-BBA/-BB RK 651 24Q-BA x
Two time steps, no phase-
angle correction unit 7432 0O89-ABA/-AB RK 651 241-AA x
Two time steps, with phase-
angle correction unit 7432 0O89-BBA/-BB RK 651 241-BA x
I Shaft current relay
RARIC Specify ac auxiliary
version 1 (standard) 7429 01D-ACA/-AC RK 649 101-AG voltage
version 2 7429 O1D-FBA/-FB RK649101-FB
Option: shaft current trans- Specify inner
former ILDD diameter
I Dead machine relay Specify scale ranges
RAGUA 7452319-ABA/-AB RK 646 015-AB of RXIB 24 and
RXEG 21, see techn
data and resp. cata..
logue
I Synchronizing relay Note: delivered as
RASA plug-in unit. An addi-
version A - RK 861 0O1-AB tional terminal or
version B RK 861 0O1-BA panel base is re-
quired
Panel base RXZ 41 RK 928 0O4-M
Other protection relays, see respective description

Refl~rences Auxiliary relays 1 MDBO8003-EN RXEG 1 MDBO9009-EN

Time relays 1 MDBO8005-EN RXPE 1 MDBO9011-EN
Current and voltage RAKZB 1 MDBO9016-EN
relays 1 MDBO8006-EN RADHA 1MDBO9017-EN
Frequency relays 1MDBO8007-EN
RXIG 1 MDBO9004-EN Application Guide AGO3-4005E