Individual IQ Tests

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (the most popular individual IQ tests and used to
asses educational needs of children specifically in terms of identifying the slow from
past learner, and how they benefit from the different types of classroom instruction.)
Wechsler Tests(most popular individual intelligence test for adults, consists of eleven
subtests divided into two categories: verbal and performance.)
David Wechsler ( a chief psychologist in Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital in New York City
developed the Wechsler-Bellevua Scale.)
Raven’s Progressive Matrices ( another nonverbal individual test which contains items
that require abstract reasoning and is culture fair.)
Group IQ Tests
Alpha Tests (first group test of intelligence developed by Robert Yerkes.)
Army Alpha Test (administered to literate recruits and to measure cognitive abilities.)
examples: mathematical reasoning, analogies and practical judgement.
Army Beta (intended for non-English speakers and illiterate recruits)
Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) (used extensively by college and universities for purpose
of admission in schools.)
National Intelligence Test (used as a group test for schoolchildren.)
Uses of Tests
1.Used for college admission, selection and placement of students.
2. Used tests for hiring and placement fo job applicants.
3. Used to determine aptitudes, spatial abilities, language ability, mathematical ability,
etc.
4. Used to group students according to ability (there are students who are exceptionally
brught but perform poorly because of boredom or because of misdemeanors/disruptive
behaviors.)
5. Used to asses the student’s educational needs and learning disabilities.
6. Used as a diagnostic tool to identify individuals with cognitive problems.
Principles of Testing (establishing a dependable estimate of the overall intelligence of
indviduals)
Standardization ( it must established norms which determine that the scores are
representative of the general population.)
Reliability (test which measures the consistency and stability of tests scores when the
test is given again over a period of time)
Two Types of Reliability
Test-Retest Reliability (determined by obtaining a similar score when test is given the
second time around.)
Split-Half Reliability (determined by obtaining similar scores after taking the other
equivalent half of the test on the second occasion.)
Validity ( pertains to the ability of the test to measure what it is supposed to measure.
Types of Validity
Content Validity (determines whether the test covers a representative sample behavior
domain to be measured, commonly used how well the individual has mastered a
specific skill or course study.) example: a test of bookkeeping must consist of major
aspects as covered by the items and in correct proportion and representativeness of the
behavior domain to be measured.
Criterion-Predictive Validity (indicates the effectiveness of a test in predicting an
individual performance in specified activities.) example: placement of employees,job
applicants, student admission and assigning military personnel to training program.
Concurrent predictive validity (used to predict the performance based on a criterion that
is already available during the present time.) example: comparing the test score of a
college student with his cumulative grade-point average at the time of testing and his
probable success in finishing a course.
Construct Validity (used to refer to the extent to which the test may be said to measure
a theoretical construct or trait.) example: verbal fluency,mechanical comprehension,
anxiety, self-concept, scholastic aptitude.
Mental Retardation and Mental Giftedness
Developed to diagnose and identify children who have mental deficiencies and those
who are normal ones
Mentally Retarded ( those with slower than normal intellectual functioning, they have
scores of 70 and below in intelligence as measured by intelligence tests.) example:
deficient in physical, psychological and social skills that form part of thei daily life
activities which are usually impaired.
Intellectual Giftedness ( individual who has a score of 140 on IQ test and who is self-
directed, self-directed, self-disciplined, observant, can relate well with others, and
exhibits a mature and responsible behavior is a gifted person.)
Neural Pruning (the decrease in the number of synapses in the brain after age 5.)