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HISTORY
Subject : History
(For under graduate student)
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Calcutta‟s
development as
a port town,
accompanied by
a major increase
in the English
owned ships in the Calcutta port, was, to a large extent,
facilitated by a reorientation that the English Company
brought about in the overall direction of India‟s maritime
trade from the West Asian trading zone to the eastern
seas, against the backdrop of the political crisis in Mughal
India, Safavid Iran and Ottoman Turkey. Political
instability in Turkey, Iran and India in the early
eighteenth century was a disaster for India‟s West Asian
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Military victory at
Plassey in June 1757
certainly made it
possible; yet the
connections that the
company had forged
with the powerful local merchants became an important
resource in achieving their aspirations for Empire.
Already in the early part of the eighteenth century,
following the collapse of Mughal shipping at Hooghly and
the contraction of West Asian markets, the Indian
merchants in Bengal were turning their gaze away from
the West to the East. They opted for the British shipping
network based in Calcutta to convey their merchandise to
the Bay of Bengal ports, as English shipping was
redirected to wards China and South-east-Asia. Even
Bombay which replaced Surat in the second half of the
eighteenth century as the principal seat of English
commerce in western India, took the major trade of the
West coast towards China, with Surat, emerging as a
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