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This document discusses calculating voltage drop in a transformer due to starting a 300 kW, 460V motor that starts twice per hour. It provides the calculations to determine the motor's locked rotor current, the transformer's short circuit current and maximum kVA, and confirms that the resulting 10% voltage drop is within allowable limits to ensure the transformer size is adequate. An Excel spreadsheet is also mentioned that can help check these voltage drop calculations.
Descrizione originale:
This paper elaborate the voltage drop at transformer.
This document discusses calculating voltage drop in a transformer due to starting a 300 kW, 460V motor that starts twice per hour. It provides the calculations to determine the motor's locked rotor current, the transformer's short circuit current and maximum kVA, and confirms that the resulting 10% voltage drop is within allowable limits to ensure the transformer size is adequate. An Excel spreadsheet is also mentioned that can help check these voltage drop calculations.
This document discusses calculating voltage drop in a transformer due to starting a 300 kW, 460V motor that starts twice per hour. It provides the calculations to determine the motor's locked rotor current, the transformer's short circuit current and maximum kVA, and confirms that the resulting 10% voltage drop is within allowable limits to ensure the transformer size is adequate. An Excel spreadsheet is also mentioned that can help check these voltage drop calculations.
Let’s calculate voltage drop in transformer 1000KVA, 11/0.480 kV,
impedance 5.75% due to starting of 300 kW, 460V, 0.8 power factor, motor code D (kva/hp). Motor starts 2 times per hour and the allowable voltage drop at transformer secondary terminal is 10%.
Medium-voltage motor starting transformer (man. J. Schneider Elektrotechnik; photo credit:
DirectIndustry) Calculation can be checked by using this MS Excel Spreadsheet dedicated especially to this kind of problem.
Ok, let’s get into the calculations…
Motor current / Torque
Motor full load current = (Kw x 1000) / (1.732 x Volt (L-L) x P.F Motor full load current = 300 × 1000 / 1.732 x 460 x 0.8 = 471 Amp. Motor locked rotor current = Multiplier x Motor full load current
Locked rotor current (Kva/Hp)
Motor Code Min Max A 3.15 B 3.16 3.55 C 3.56 4 D 4.1 4.5 E 4.6 5 F 5.1 5.6 G 5.7 6.3 H 6.4 7.1 J 7.2 8 K 8.1 9 L 9.1 10 M 10.1 11.2 N 11.3 12.5 P 12.6 14 R 14.1 16 S 16.1 18 T 18.1 20 U 20.1 22.4 V 22.5 Min. motor locked rotor current (L1) = 4.10 × 471 = 1930 Amp Max. motor locked rotor current (L2) = 4.50 × 471 = 2118 Amp Motor inrush Kva at Starting (Irsm) = Volt x locked rotor current x 1.732 / 1000 Motor inrush Kva at Starting (Irsm) = 460 x 2118 x1.732 / 1000 = 1688 kVA Transformer Transformer full load current = kVA / (1.732 x Volt) Transformer full load current = 1000 / (1.73 2× 480) = 1203 Amp. Short circuit current at TC secondary (Isc) = Transformer full load current / Impedance Short circuit current at TC secondary = 1203 / 5.75 = 20919 Amp Maximum kVA of TC at rated Short circuit current (Q1) = (Volt x Isc x 1.732) / 1000 Maximum kVA of TC at rated Short circuit current (Q1) = 480 x 20919 x 1.732 / 1000 = 17391 kVA Voltage drop at transformer secondary due to Motor Inrush (Vd) = (Irsm) / Q1 Voltage drop at transformer secondary due to Motor inrush (Vd) = 1688 / 17391 = 10% Voltage drop at Transformer secondary is 10% which is within permissible limit. Motor full load current ≤ 65% of Transformer full load current 471 Amp ≤ 65% x 1203 Amp = 471 Amp ≤ 781 Amp Here voltage drop is within limit and Motor full load current ≤ TC full load current. Size of Transformer is Adequate. Easy way to calculate transformer and motor details Transformer details: 1. Transformer size 2. Transformer secondary voltage (v2) 3. % Impedance (z) 4. Allowable voltage drop in system Motor details for one and more motors: 1. Motor full load current (ILM) 2. Locked rotor current multiplier (Min) 3. Locked rotor current multiplier (Max) 4. Locked rotor current (L1) (Min) 5. Locked rotor current (L2) (Max) 6. Motor inrush KVA at starting (IrsM) 7. How many times motor starts per hour and Calculations: 1. Full load current of transformer (ILX) 2. Short circuit current at transformer secondary (Isc) 3. Maximum KVA of transformer at Isc (Q1) 4. Motor inrush KVA At starting (IrsM) 5. Voltage drop at transformer secondary due to motor inrush (Vd) 6. Transformer secondary voltage Results you get: Motor Full Load Current Voltage Drop at Transformer Secondary Due to Motor inRush Transformer Size:(20% Added due to motor starts more than once/Hour) Calculation formulas used: ILX = KVA / (1.732 x v2) ILM = (Kw x 1000) / (1.732 x Vm x P.F) Isc = ILx / z Q1 = (v2 x ISC x ILM x 1.732) / 1000 IrsM = (Vm x L2 x 1.732) / 1000 Vd = IrsM / Q1