SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT
 GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE

 Solid wastes: wastes in solid forms, domestic, commercial and industrial wastes
Examples: plastics , bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash
 Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils,
waste water from ponds, manufacturing industries and other sources.
 Bio-degradable :can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)
 Non-biodegradable :cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines, cans,
Styrofoam containers and others)
 Hazardous wastes: Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically and have any of the following properties- ignitability,
corrosivity, reactivity & toxicity.
 Non-hazardous : Substances safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or
economically and do not have any of those properties mentioned above.
 CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE ACCORDING
TO THEIR ORIGIN
• Municipal Solid wastes: Solid wastes that include household garbage, rubbish, construction &
packaging materials, trade refuges etc.are managed by any municipality.

• Bio-medical wastes: Solid or liquid wastes including containers, products generated during
diagnosis, treatment &research activities of medical sciences.

• Industrial wastes: Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by manufacturing & processing
units of various industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal gas,sanitary & paper etc.
• Agricultural wastes: Wastes generated from farming activities.

• These substances are mostly biodegradable.

• Fishery wastes: Wastes generated due to fishery activities.

• E-wastes: Electronic wastes generated from any modern establishments. They may be described
as discarded electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic scrap components, such as CRTs,
wires, circuits, mobile, computers etc.
SOURCES OF WASTES
 SWM IN INDIA
• The per capita waste generation rate is strongly correlated to the gross domestic
product (GDP) of a country
• The average per capita waste generation in India is 370 grams/day as compared to
2,200 grams in Denmark, 2,000 grams in US and 700 grams in China
• Waste generation rate in Indian cities ranges between 200 - 870 grams/day. The per
capita waste generation is increasing by about 1.3% per year in India
• The six metro cities, Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru
together generate 48,000 TPD (17.5 million TPY) of MSW.
• Currently, India has 53 cities with populations greater than one million, generating
86,245 TPD (31.5 million TPY), which is about 46 % of the total MSW generated in urban
India. The remaining 313 cities studied generate 15.7 million TPY (43,000 TPD), 23% of
the total urban MSW, only half of that generated by the 53 cities with million plus
population
 Waste Generation (TPD) Waste Generation (TPD)
Per Capita Waste Per Capita Waste Generation
Generation (kg/day) (kg/day)
Low High Low High
Metros Value 3,344 11,520 0.445 0.708
City Greater Greater Greater Chennai
Bengaluru Kolkata Bengaluru
Class 1 Cities Value 317 2,602 0.217 0.765
City Rajkot Pune Nashik Kochi
All Cities Value 5 11,520 0.194 0.867
City Kavarati Kolkata Kohima Port Blair
States Value 19 23,647 0.217 0.616
City Arunachal Maharashtra Manipur Goa
Pradesh
Union Value 5 11,558 0.342 0.867
Territories City Lakshadwee Delhi Lakshadweep Andaman &
(UT) p Nicobar
Regions Value 696 88,800 0.382 0.531
Region East West East West
 WASTE COLLECTION IN INDIA
Primarily by the city municipality
-No gradation of waste product e.g.bio-degradable,
glasses, polybags, paper shreds , etc
-Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts
Local raddiwala / kabadiwala
-Collecting small iron pieces by magnets
-Collecting glass bottles
-Collecting paper for recycling

How solid waste affected us in recent Years?

•In Mumbai (2005) clogged the sewage line due to large no. of plastic bags.
•Blast in the Bhusan Steel factory at Noida, caused due to imported scrap from Iran
• Reduction in the number of migratory birds due to consumption of contaminated
foods
•Animals dying on streets and farmland due to consumption of plastic bags, which
blocks the food movement in their stomach
1.LAND FILL
•It is the most traditional method of waste disposal.
•Waste is directly dumped into disused quarries, mining voids or borrow pits.
•Gases generated by the decomposing waste materials are often burnt to generate power.
•It is generally used for domestic waste.

ADVANTAGES
•Lots of different types of waste can be disposed
of by landfill in comparison to other waste
disposal methods.
•The gases given off by the landfill site could be
collected and used for generating power.

DISADVANTAGES
•Dangerous gases are given off from landfill sites that cause local air pollution and
contribute to global warming.
•Local streams could become polluted with toxins seeping through the ground from
the landfill site.
LAND REQUIRED FOR DISPOSAL OF MSW EMMISION OF METHANE FROM LANDFILL
2. INCINERATION
•Incineration is awaste treatment process that involves the combustion of solid waste at
1000 C.
•Waste materials are converted into ash, flue gas, and heat.
•The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and gases due to
organic waste.

ADVANTAGES
•Minimum Land is required
•Gases are used to generate power
•Can be located close to Residential areas
as well
DISADVANTAGES
•Required skilled labour.
•Expensive
3.COMPACTION:
•The waste is compacted or compressed. It also breaks up large or fragile items
of waste.
•This process is conspicuous in the feed at the back end of many garbage
collection vehicles.
• Deposit refuse at bottom of slope for best compaction and control of
blowing litter.
 4. PYROLYSIS
Pyrolysis is defined as thermal degradation of waste in the absence of air to
produce char, pyrolysis oil and syngas, e.g. the conversion of wood to charcoal also
it is defined as destructive distillation of waste in the absence of oxygen. External
source of heat is employed in this process.
 THE 3 R’S
REDUCE
•You can help by PRECYCLING. 1/3 of all garbage is packaging.
•Buy things that are in packages that can be recycled or are made of
recycled materials.
•When you buy something small, say no thanks to a bag.
REUSE
•Many things can be reused before you throw them out.
•Use coffee cans and cottage cheese containers for storage
•Use backs of paper or backs of used envelopes for jotting notes
•Put leftovers in resalable containers instead of using wraps and foil
•Use old clothes as rags for cleaning instead of paper towels
•Have a garage sale or donate clothes, books or toys that you don't use anymore
RECYCLE
Each year we use:
25 billion plastic containers
30 billion bottles & jars
65 billion aluminum cans
100 billion pounds of paper
 HIERARCHY OF SUSTAINABLE WASTE
MANAGEMENT
•The Hierarchy of Sustainable Waste Management is widely used as a
reference to sustainable solid waste management and disposal.
•“Unsanitary Landfilling and Open Burning” has been added to the original
hierarchy of waste management which ends with sanitary landfills (SLFs).
•Unsanitary landfilling and open burning will represent the indiscriminate
dumping and burning of MSW and represents the general situation of SWM in
India and other developing countries.
•The hierarchy of waste management recognizes that reducing the use of
materials and reusing them to be the most environmental friendly. Source
reduction begins with reducing the amount of waste generated and reusing
materials to prevent them from entering the waste stream
TECHNIQUES TO TACKLE SWM AT SOCIETY’S LEVEL

 MATERIAL RECOVERY
 RECYCLING
 AEROBIC COMPOSTING
 ENERGY RECOVERY
 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
 REFUSE DERIVED FUEL (RDF)
 WASTE-TO-ENERGY COMBUSTION (WTE)
 SANITARY LANDFILLING
a) SLFs recovering and using methane (CH4)
b) SLFs recovering and flaring CH4
c) SLFs without any CH4 recovery
 UNSANITARY LANDFILLING AND OPEN DUMPING
THANK YOU
P009 – HARDIK JAIN
P018 – SATYAJIT NALAWADE
P020 – JAYVARDHAN PARMAR
P022 – AMIT PAWAR
P024 – ANUJ SABADE
P025 – MALAV SANGHVI