LM Handicraft

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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This Learning Module on Handicraft (Needlecraft) course is designed for a
Grade 9 student to develop the basic competencies in needlecraft. It covers the
major needlecraft techniques, namely:
(1) Embroidery (special lesson on Calado and Smocking),
(2) Crocheting,
(3) Knitting, and
(4) Quilting.
Each lesson is organized starting with a brief description of the needlecraft

technique; including a brief history as documented. Then, the tools and materials
are provided together with tips or factors to consider for beginners. The bulk of each
lesson contains the step-by-step procedure for stitches and techniques aided with
pictures to facilitate your learning. It then proceeds to project planning as each
lesson will require learners to create a product.
Along with the knowledge and skills that the learners will obtain from
needlecrafts, a concept review of the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
(PECs) and Environment and Market is also included. This review aims to reinforce
the development of entrepreneurial qualities and characteristics as well as the
learner’spositive work habits.
After taking all the learning sessions from this module, it is expected that the
learners will be able toplan and create articles from needlecraft. In addition, learners
will also bepreparedto generate business ideas and identify opportunities and
evaluate these ideas according to the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and
even threats. These competencies will enable them not only to achieve personal
confidence and appreciation in the arts and their cultural importance but also to
becomeeconomically productive citizens of the society and country at large.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive summary . . . . . . . 2
Introduction . . . . . . . . 6
Learning Outcome 1 . . . . . . . 7
Assess Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
Understand Environment and Business Ideas . . . . 14
Diagnostic Assessment . . . . . . . 19
Needlecraft: An Introduction . . . . . . 26
Project Planning . . . . . . . . 27
Packaging of Finished Products/Projects . . . . 31
LESSON 1: EMBROIDERY . . . . . . 34
Overview
Pre-Assessment . . . . . . . 35
LEARNING OUTCOME 1 . . . . . . 37
Understand Embroidery as a Craft and Its Techniques
Lesson 1.1
Embroidery: A Brief Background . . . . 37
Embroidery Tools and Materials . . . . 38
Create Embroidered Articles
Lesson 1.2
Basic Embroidery Stitches . . . . . 44
Lesson 1.3
Special Kinds of Embroidery . . . . 59
Calado . . . . . . . 59
Smocking . . . . . . . 60
Cross stitch . . . . . . . 68
Let’s Do this . . . . . . . 75
HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 2

K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
Post-Test . . . . . . . . 81
LESSON 2: CORCHETING . . . . . . 83
Overview
Understand Crocheting as a Technique
Lesson 2.1
Crochet . . . . . . . 86
Tools and Materials . . . . . . 87
Make Crocheted Articles
Lesson 2.2
Crochet Terms and Abbreviations . . . . 89
Holding the Hook and Yarn Correctly . . . 90
Steps in Making the Basic Stitches . . . 91
Basic Stitches in Crocheting . . . . 91
Let’s Do This . . . . . . . 102
Post-Test . . . . . . . . 106
LESSON 3: KNITTING . . . . . . . 108

Overview

Understand Knitting as a Needlecraft
Lesson 3.1
Knitting: Brief Background . . . . . 111
Two Methods of Knitting . . . . 112
Terminology and Abbreviations . . . . 113
Knitting Tools and Materials . . . . 113

Produce Knitted Articles
Lesson 3.2
Basic Steps in Knitting . . . . . 119
Let’s Do This . . . . . . . 133
Post-Test . . . . . . . . 136
LESSON 4: QUILTING . . . . . . . 138

Overview

Quilting as a Technique
Lesson 4.1
Quilting: A Brief Introduction . . . . 141
Quilting Tools and Materials . . . . 142

Make Quilted Articles
Lesson 4.2
Parts of the Quilted Article . . . . . 147
Types of Quilted Design . . . . . 148
Kinds of Quilting . . . . . . 148
Let’s Do This . . . . . . . 154
Post-Test . . . . . . . . 160
Synthesis . . . . . . . . . 162
Summative Test . . . . . . . . 163
Glossary . . . . . . . . . 173
References . . . . . . . . . 175

INTRODUCTION
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one of the nomenclatures in

the implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program (BEP) composed of four
components, namely: Agri-Fishery Arts, Home Economics, Industrial Arts and
Information and Communication Technology. In this module, the focus is on Home
Economics course – Needlecrafts.
In this course, varied and relevant activities and opportunities are provided to
demonstrate your understanding of concepts and core competencies. This will be
also provide venue for you to assess yourself and identify aspects of business that
you need to strengthen and safeguard before you become a part of the workforce.
Today, in the world of work, the number of available jobs is scarce and the
Department of Education is revitalizing its resources to lead the young minds and to
prepare them skillfully as future needlecraft expert. It is in honing the skills that
learners can be assured to have an edge of surviving the daily needs of oneself and
of others. It seeks to provide the learners with the knowledge, attitude and skills in
the field of Needlecraft.
This module is also crafted with a focus on the different activities that
will assess the skills and knowledge that learners are expected to demonstrate after
going through this learner’s materials. To evaluate students’ learning, assessment
instruments such as pre-test, posttest and other relevant activities and exercises in
each lesson are given. Read and answer the suggested tasks and accomplish them
to practice developing a sustainable program, prioritizing needs and building a
vision.
So, explore and experience the K to 12 TLE module and be a successful

needlecraft maker.

CONCEPT REVIEW
At the start of your journey in learning handicrafts (Exploratory Module on

Handicraft), the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies and entrepreneurial mindsets were
introduced. In this concept review, you will be reminded of these lessons and you get to
assess whether or not you have the competencies found among entrepreneurs.In addition, a
brief lesson on the Business Environment and Idea Generation is provided to help
contextualize how your skills might be useful for an entrepreneurial venture. Read on to find
out!
LEARNING OUTCOME 1:
ASSESS PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is comprehensively defined by Zimmerer& Scarborough (2005) as
someone who “creates a new business in the face of risk and uncertainty for the purpose of
achieving profit and growth by identifying significant opportunities and assembling the
necessary resources to capitalize on them” (p.3). They are the ones who act on their
business ideas.
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

There has been many studies to characterize “the entrepreneurial personality”;
although there is no isolated set of traits that guarantee success, there were identified
behaviors found common to most successful entrepreneurs. There is a well-known research
on human behavior done by McClelland and McBer which identified 10 behavioral patterns
organized into three general clusters: the achievement, planning, and power clusters
(SERDEF, 2007; 1998). It was found out that these behaviors were also typical
entrepreneurial behaviors. The entrepreneurial qualities, more known as the Personal
Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) are as follows:
Achievement Cluster
 Opportunity seeking – Entrepreneurs have a good eye for spotting business
opportunities and acts on these opportunities appropriately.
 Persistence - Entrepreneurs do not easily give up in the face of obstacles. They will
take repeated or different actions to overcome the hurdles of business. This includes
making a personal sacrifice or extraordinary effort to complete a job.

 Commitment to work contract - Entrepreneur do their best to satisfy customers and to
deliver what is promised. They accept full responsibility for problems when
completing a job for customers.
 Risk-taking - Entrepreneur are known for taking calculated risks and doing tasks that
are moderately challenging.
 Demand for efficiency and quality - Entrepreneur see to it that the business meets or
exceeds existing standards of excellence and exerts efforts to improve past
performance and do things better. They set high but realistic standards.
Planning Cluster
 Goal setting - Entrepreneur knows how to set specific, measurable, attainable,
realistic, and time-bound (SMART) goals. It is easy for them to divide large goals into
short-term goals.
 Information seeking - Entrepreneur update themselves with new information about
her customers, the market, suppliers, and competitors. This is rooted to their innate
sense of curiosity.
 Systematic planning and monitoring - Entrepreneurs develop and use logical, step-
by-step plans to reach their goals. They monitor progress towards goals and to alter
strategies when necessary.
Power Cluster
 Persuasion and networking - Entrepreneurs know how to use the right strategies to
influence or persuade other people. They have naturally established a network of
people who they can turn to in order to achieve their objectives.
 Self-confidence - Entrepreneurs have a strong belief in themselves and their own
abilities. They have self-awareness and belief in their own ability to complete a
difficult task or meet a challenge.
LET’S DO THIS!
Assess your Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies by answering the items in the next
page.

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) Self-rating Questionnaire
Read each statement carefully and answer honestly based on how well it describes you. There are
five choices as follows: Please write the number you have selected on the
5 = Always
space before each statement. Some statements may be
4 = Usually
similar but no two are exactly alike. Please go through
3 = Sometimes
each statement and answer all the items.
2 = Rarely
1 = Never
Rating
_________ 1. I look for things that need to be done.

_________ 2. When I am faced with a difficult problem, I spend a lot of time trying to find a solution.
_________ 3. I complete my work on time.
_________ 4. It bothers me when things are not done very well.
_________ 5. I prefer situations in which I can control the outcomes as much as possible.
_________ 6. I like to think about the future.
_________ 7. When starting a new task or project, I gather a great deal of information before going
ahead.
_________ 8. I plan a large project by breaking it down into smaller tasks.
_________ 9. I get others to support my recommendations.
_________ 10. I feel confident that I will succeed at whatever I try to do.
_________ 11. No matter whom I’m talking to, I’m a good listener.
_________ 12. I do things that need to be done before being asked to by others.
_________ 13. I try several times to get people to do what I would like them to do.
_________ 14. I keep the promises I make.
_________ 15. My own work is better than that of other people work with.
_________ 16. I don’t try something new without making sure I will succeed.
_________ 17. It’s a waste of time to worry about what to do with your life.
_________ 18. I seek the advice of people who know a lot about the tasks I am working on.
_________ 19. I think about the advantages and disadvantages or different ways of accomplishing
things.
_________ 20. I do not spend much time thinking how to influence others.
_________ 21. I change my mind if others disagree strongly with me.
_________ 22. I feel resentful when I don’t get my way.
_________ 23. I like challenges and new opportunities.
_________ 24. When something gets in the way of what I’m trying to do, I keep on trying to
accomplish what I want.
_________ 25. I am happy to do someone else’s work if necessary to get the job done on time.
_________ 26. It bothers me when my time is wasted.
_________ 27. I weigh my chances of succeeding or failing before I decide to do something.
_________ 28. The more specific I can be about what I want out of life, the more chances I have to
succeed.
_________ 29. I take action without wasting time gathering information.
_________ 30. I try to think of all the problems I may encounter and plan what to do if each problem
occurs.
_________ 31. I get important people to help me accomplish my goals.
_________ 32. When trying something challenging, I feel confident that I will succeed.

Rating
_________ 33. I prefer activities that I know well and with which I am comfortable.
_________ 34. When faced with major difficulties, I quickly go on to other things.
_________ 35. When I am doing a job for someone, I make a special effort to make sure that person
is happy with my work.
_________ 36. In the past, I have had failures.
_________ 37. I am never entirely happy with the way things are done; I always think there must be
a better way.
_________ 38. I do things that are risky.
_________ 39. I have a very clear plan for my life.
_________ 40. When working on a project for someone, I ask many questions to be sure I
understand what that person wants.
_________ 41. I deal with problems as they arise, rather than spend time trying to anticipate them.
_________ 42. In order to reach my goals, I think of solutions that benefit.
_________ 43. I do very good work.
_________ 44. There have been occasions when I took advantage of someone.
_________ 45. I try things that are very new and different from what I have done before.
_________ 46. I try several ways to overcome things that get in the way of reaching my goals.
_________ 47. My family and personal life are more important to me than work deadlines I set for
myself.
_________ 48. I find ways to complete tasks faster at work and at home.
_________ 49. I do things that others consider risky.
_________ 50. I am as concerned about meeting my weekly goals as I am for my yearly goals.
_________ 51. I go to several different sources to get information for tasks or projects.
_________ 52. If one approach to a problem does not work, I think of another approach.
_________ 53. I am able to get people who have strong opinions or ideas to change their minds.
_________ 54. I stick with my decisions even if others disagree strongly with me.
_________ 55. When I don’t know something, I don’t mind admitting it.
Please proceed to the next section where you may determine your score. The
point system will indicate whether you manifest strong tendencies or weak inclinations
towards a particular behavior.
Source: Liberal, AE. E. (2007). Appraising and developing yourself for an

entrepreneurial career. (Eds.) Maghirnf, T., Librando, P., Esguerra, D., &Recio, D.In
Introduction to Entrepreneurship. Quezon City: Small Enterprises Research and
Development Foundation, Inc. in cooperation with UP-ISSI. pp: 41-43.

PEC’s Scoring Sheet
Please enter your ratings in the PECs scoring sheet. The number in parenthesis
corresponds to the questionnaire item number. Notice that the item numbers are listed
consecutively for each column. Perform the addition and subtraction as indicated in each
row to compute for each PEC.
Rating of Statements Score PECs
+ + - + + 6 = Opportunity
(1) (12) (23) (34) (45) Seeking
+ + - + + 6 = Persistence
(2) (13) (24) (35) (46)
+ + + - + 6 = Commitment to
(3) (14) (25) (36) (47) work contract
+ + + - + 6 = Demand for Efficiency
(4) (15) (26) (37) (48) & Quality
- + + + + 6 = Risk taking
(5) (16) (27) (38) (49)
- + + + + 6 = Goal setting
(6) (17) (28) (39) (50)
+ - + + + 6 = Information seeking
(7) (18) (29) (40) (51)
+ + - + + 6 = Systematic planning
(8) (19) (30) (41) (52) & monitoring
- + + + + 6 = Persuasion &
(9) (20) (31) (42) (53) Networking
- + + + + 6 = Self-confidence
(10) (21) (32) (43) (54)
- - - + + 18 = Correction Factor
(11) (22) (33) (44) (55)
Source: Liberal, AE. E. (2007). Appraising and developing yourself for an entrepreneurial
career. (Eds.) Maghirang, T., Librando, P., Esguerra, D., &Recio, D.In Introduction to
Entrepreneurship. Quezon City: Small Enterprises Research and Development
Foundation, Inc. in cooperation with UP-ISSI. pp: 43-44.

The PECs Scoring Sheet with Correction Factor
The Correction Factor is used to provide a more accurate assessment of the PECs of
each respondent. If the total score of items 11, 22, 33, 44, and 55 is 20 or greater, then the
total score on the ten PECs must be corrected. Use the table below to determine the
corrected score.
Subtract the following

If the correction factor is: number from each PECs
score:
24 or 25 7
22 or 23 5
20 or 21 3
19 or less 0
Correct each PECs score before using the Profile Sheet
Corrected Score Sheet

PECs Original Correction Corrected Score
Opportunity seeking - =
Persistence - =
Commitment to work contract - =
Demand for quality & efficiency - =
Risk taking - =
Goal setting - =
Information seeking - =
Systematic planning & monitoring - =
Persuasion & networking - =
Self-confidence - =
Corrected Total Score:
career. (Eds.) Maghirang, T., Librando, P., Esguerra, D., &Recio, D.In Introduction
to Entrepreneurship. Quezon City: Small Enterprises Research and Development

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) Profile Sheet
Transfer the corrected PECs score to the profile sheet by marking an “X” at the
appropriate point on the horizontal line provided for each PEC category. After plotting your
PECs score, connect all the “Xs” with a heavy line.
SAMPLE PECs PROFILE
Opportunity seeking
X
Persistence
X
Commitment to work contract
X
Demand for quality & efficiency
X
Risk taking
X
Goal setting
X
Information seeking
X
Systematic planning & monitoring
X
Persuasion & networking
X
Self-confidence
X
0 5 10 15 20 25
Interpretation
A lower score means a ‘weak’ performance and a higher score translates to a ‘strong’
performance on a particular competency. A ‘weak’ performance should be regarded as a
challenge or an opportunity for improvement rather than a cause for worry. Improving a
competency entails enough determination, correct practice and strategies, and time for
maturation.
career. (Eds.) Maghirang, T., Librando, P., Esguerra, D., &Recio, D.In Introduction
to Entrepreneurship. Quezon City: Small Enterprises Research and Development

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
UNDERSTAND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND BUSINESS IDEAS
Business Environment and Market
The study of the business environment in a particularlocation has far-reaching and

long-term effects on a small or micro enterprise’s viability. In fact, business ideas and
opportunities are partly shaped or determined by the business location. Unless it is possible
to migrate to more favorable locations, the ideas and opportunities for business will
oftentimes be delimited to the surrounding areas.
The business environment consists of both the tangible and intangible factors that
affect either the external or internal business operations. They may include the land area
available for economic zones, the physical layout and barriers such as rivers, parks or lakes,
and building obstructions as well as the transportation network; all of which are considered
tangible factors. They also include the demography of clients and suppliers, the competitors
in the locale/area and the available technology for production. The intangible factors, on the
other hand, include the sub-culture, industry trends, economic and government activity or the
political situations in the area.
Natural & Physical Demography

Environment Potential target
Living conditions, client, migration
Facilities, Barriers pattern
Culture
Government
YOUR Sub-culture,
Regulations
BUSINESS Race, Emotional
Policies
environment
Economy
National Technology
International Trend
- Competitors Production

Natural and Physical Environment. This concerns the physical location of a
business’ store. The natural environment also pertains to the natural and man-made
structures that may enhance the beauty of the location, such as a park or a sea front view, or
serve as barrier to the location, such as a dump site or high rise structures that obstruct a
view. The living condition in an area also serves as a standard for the ambience you want to
create for your store.
There is also a phenomenon referred to as clustering, where a particular type of

product is offered within the same area. For instance, most guitar shops are clustered along
the intersection of V. Mapa and Aurora Avenue in Metro Manila; Filipino craft stores crowd
the area under the Quiapobridge;or car accessories are found in Banawe area.
The key word to have in mind when scanning the physical environment is the visibility
of your intended store to the potential clients.
Demography. This pertains to the number of people living in the area, their age,
gender, socio-economic status, family size, religion and even growth trends. These are
invaluable information that can help entrepreneurs in matching their product to the target
market, in deciding for the marketing strategy, pricing and product packaging among others.
Culture. Culture or sub-culture, being the totality of the way of life, ideas and
customs of a set ofpeople or society, primarily influence the types of products that are
acceptable to a particular locality. For example, the influence of the Japanese culturegave
rise to minimalist designs. A sub-culture also shapes the ‘emotional’ environment of an
area. For instance, the feeling of ‘fear’ for a specific location may serve as a barrier for a
business; a place where one does not feel safe because of the prevalence of crime will
discourage entrepreneurs.
Changes in the lifestyle, which is brought about by changes in the population

demography and the economy, also affect a business. These lifestyle changes may be the
increase of women’s participation in the world of work, change in buying patterns and shift in
tastes.
Government Regulations. The laws and policies of the national and local
government units also influence the business operations. Some examples of policies that
directly affect entrepreneurs are the imposition or removal of taxes for products, the
establishment of economic zones and assistance in product labeling and packaging of
products. In addition, improvement of facilities and roads improve transportation network

that facilitates transfer of products from one area to another or promotes accessibility for
consumers.
Economy.This pertains to the management of resources and study of the system of

production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. A country’s economy
influencesboth the entrepreneurs and consumers as it relates to the financial matters of
business like taxes and interest rates and to the quality of life, cost of utilities and services,
among others.Even small scale entrepreneurs must learn to study economic indicators to
improve business forecasts, such as when to buy certain materials and supplies, when to
open a store or introduce new products based on consumer spending, or when to hire
employees. Some examples of economic indicators include the (a) Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) which increases when a country’s economy is doing good; (b) Unemployment rate
which indicates thatmore unemployed people usually signal an economy getting worse; and
(c) Price Indexes and Inflation rates which determine the buying power of consumers.
Technology. Technological changes are inventions based on the application of

science that create new product or process improvements. Some examples of technological
changes are mobile tools that enable online connection, new business tools for analysis and
database, social networks and modern, digital equipment. These advances in technology
result to efficiency and productivity at a lesser cost. It can be observed that sending
message through e-mail provides a cheaper and faster means compared to hand-delivered
mails (snail mails). An entrepreneur can benefit from technological changes by identifying
the appropriate technological solution available in the area or locale.
At this point, it must be quite clear why an environment scanning of an area

considered as business site is helpful for the entrepreneur. In fact, the impact of the factors
in the business environment does not only include the business operation but is even
relevant at the start of the venture – during the business idea generation and opportunity
identification stage. A concise guide on how to spot and identify business opportunities are
provided in the following section. Keep reading!

Spotting and Identifying Business Opportunities
Spotting business opportunities is one of the most essential aspects of

entrepreneurship. An entrepreneur must have a keen eye for identifying opportunities that
can potentially turn into a good product or business venture. At the same time, an
entrepreneur should also know which opportunities to drop and which ones to develop.
Idea Generation
The first step in identifying a good business opportunity is to look for many
opportunities. This is called the idea generation phase (SERDEF, 2007). The following are
good sources of business ideas (Histrich, Peters, & Shepard, 2008; Looser &Schlapfer,
2001).
1. Personal hobbies and interests

2. Everyday experiences, travel, and adventures
3. Suggestions from family members and friends
4. Problems that need solutions
5. Problems with existing products
6. Books, magazines, news
7. Observing, listening around you
Screening Business Ideas
Once you have generated a number of business opportunities and ideas, the next
step is to select and screen these. Though there can be many ways to do this, a good way to
proceed is to screen your ideas based on 1) your personality and personal preferences and
2) the characteristics of a good business (SERDEF, 2007). Consider the following criteria:
1. Personality and Personal Preferences

a. Personal Preference
b. Education, Skills, and Experience
c. Work Experience
d. Support from family and friends
2. Characteristics of a good business
a. Demand for Product
b. Availability of skills, raw materials, technology, and capital
c. Profitability
SWOT Analysis
Once you have chosen your business idea, the next step is to conduct a SWOT
analysis in order to determine the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of
your potential business. This step will help you improve your business of choice and prepare
for challenges. The table will help you differentiate among these four features.

Table 1 SWOT Analysis
Positive Negative
Strengths Weaknesses
set of problems,
positive factors that
difficulties or
contribute to the
shortcomings
favorability of a
Controllable encountered by the
business opportunity
Factors business
Examples:
Examples:
Cheap raw materials
Inexperienced owner
Skilled employees
Lack of working
Ease of management
capital
Small capital outlay
Poor location
Opportunities Threats
positive factors that negative factors that
are not within the are beyond the
control of the business. control of the
business
Uncontrollable Examples:
Factors Absence of similar Examples:
products in the market Rising costs
New markets being Raw material
developed shortages
Growing demand for Too many
similar products competitors
Favorable
government policy
Remember to refer back to these guidelines and tools when you are ready to
think of your next business ideas!

DIAGNOSTIC TEST
I. Matching Type
Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your answer in your
answer sheet.
Column A
Column B
_____1. A decorative embroidery or
shirring design to control fullness A. calado
in garments by gathering the
fabric.
B. crochet
____2. It is a kind of needlework
consisting of the interlocking of
looped stitches formed with a C. knitting
single thread and a hooked
needle. It has been used in the
intricate process of lacemaking. D. quilting
____3. The process of using two or more

needles to loop yarn into a E. smocking
series of interconnected loops in
order to create a finished
garment or to create a cloth. F. embroidery
____4. It comes from the latin word

“culcita” meaning a large stuffed
sack, mattress or cushion. It is
the process of sewing two or
more layers of material together.
____5. The art or process of decorating

fabric or materials with a wide
variety of thread or yarn color
using needle.

II. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Choose the letter in the box that best
describes the statement. Write the answer in your quiz notebook.
A. thimble F. stitch markers

B. cable needles G. crochet yarn
C. crochet hook H. plastic knitting needles
D. stiletto I. filler
E. embroidery frame or hoops J. needle threader
1. A tool used in making eyelets usually made of wood, bone or metal.
2. A device used to keep the fabric heavy stretched while applying stitches on
the design.
3. It comes in variety of natural or man-made fibers that has own

characteristics, and they differ from one another in tactile, tenacity and
weight.
4. A tool in crocheting that has a great effect to the finished product. It varies in
sizes and therefore should use the correct size suited to the article to be
produced.
5. It is used to help keep track of the number of stitches in a row.
6. A special kind of knitting needles used specifically to hold stitches.
7. These knitting needles are ideal for beginners and are the least expensive. It
is lighter and more flexible than metal designs.
8. A device used for the middle finger to prevent from being pierced by the
needle. It could be a metal, plastic or leather.
9. The material placed in between for the purpose of giving bulk to the quilted
article.
10. It is used for easier threading especially by those sewers with poor eyesight.

III. Identification
A. Directions: Identify the following pictures of stitches in embroidery, crochet,

knitting and types of quilting.
EMBROIDERY STITCHES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

CROCHET STITCHES
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

KNITTING STITCHES
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

TYPES OF QUILTING
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

IV. Short Response Essay
Directions: Answer the following questions correctly. Write the answer in your
answer sheet.
Essay 1: What are the safety and precautionary measures that you should
observe when doing needlecraft projects? (5 points)
Essay 2: Choose at least one kind of needlecraft and explain its

benefit/contribution to a student like you? (5 points)
Essay 3: Think of a package for a quilted blanket that will satisfy the following
functions: (a) identify the product, (b) sell & showcase the design so consumers
can be persuaded to buy, (c) protect the product, and (d) utilize indigenous or
environment-friendly package. Describe your package in detail. (5 points)
*** Good Luck! ***

☺☺☺

NEEDLECRAFT: An INTRODUCTION
HANDICRAFT IN THE PHILIPPINES

Are you aware that the Philippines is the second largest world producer of
handicrafts mainly baskets out of indigenous materials? Our country is blessed with
rich natural resources scattered throughout its 7, 107 islands. These God-given
natural wonders serve as means of survival since it is the primary source of our food,
shelter and other basic needs. As people continuously lived with the nature, they
discovered other things that nature can offer. Out of the raw materials from plants,
trees and other natural resources, unique and creative products have been created,
it passes through generation to generation and now it is known as handicrafts in
general.
The handicraft industry plays an important role in the economic growth of our
country especially now that many handicraft owners are exporting their products to
other countries. Through this, job opportunity is generated. Over the years,
Philippine handicrafts continuously sustain and promote our cultural heritage.
The other benefit of performing handicrafts includes helping reduce stress and
spends our leisure time wisely. It offers opportunity to express and enhance one’s
creativity which eventually leads to become a productive citizen of our country.
THE NEEDLECRAFT
There are various forms of handicrafts and one of these is needle craft.
Needlecraft uses needle for construction of products or articles. Others find it as a
hobby, but, it can be a lifetime profitable business. You may choose from the various
kinds of needlecraft such as crocheting, embroidering, quilting, and knitting.

SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES in NEDDLECRAFT
Needlecraft, like any handicraft activity, need to be performed with an

observance of safety procedures. It is better that you finish all your activities and
projects within the allotted time safely. To avoid accidents while performing the
activities, below are the safety tips to observe:
1. Make sure that needles are in pin cushions before and after using it.
2. Never meddle with the work of others or tamper with their tools.
3. Never leave tools unattended.
4. Use the proper safety gear, such as a thimble.
5. Do not run or engage in “horseplay” while working.
6. Return your tools and materials to their storage place or sewing box after use.
7. In case of any accidents, report immediately to your teacher.
The realization of this precautionary measures lies not only to the teacher but
most especially to the students. Therefore, let us continuously promote a safe and
desirable workplace while having fun and learning new things.
PROJECT PLANNING
Quality output is never an accident. It is always the result of good and high
intention with proper organization and planning. As defined, planning is the process
of thinking ahead the activities required to achieve a desired goal. It answers the
questions: (1) What to do? (2) When to do it? (3) Where to do it? (4) How to do it?
and (4) What is the expected output? (Feliciano R. Fajardo, Entrepreneurship,1994,
Capitol Publishing House, Inc.)
Planning is the fundamental process of any project. It gives direction and

guidance to the worker so as to manage the project or activity carefully and
successfully. Remember the saying, “If you fail to plan, you plan to fail”. This part of
the module will give you background information on project planning, since it will be
the beginning of every needlework that you are about to perform. In a larger scale, it
could be really helpful especially if continuously practiced whether in school or
applied in daily activities in preparation when entering and pursuing the path of
entrepreneurial career.

Below is the typical format and content of project plan. Each component has
its description. However, your teacher will elaborate and supply other information for
you to understand it better. Happy planning!
PROJECT PLAN
Project No. ______
Name:________________________________ Date Begun:___________________
Year and Section:_________________ Date Finished: _________________
I. Name of Project:(State the name of your project in a manner that it would give
clear picture of your product/article. Be creative and catchy as you can but make
sure that it is appropriate to your product/article)
II. Purpose of the Project: (Write the objectives of the project in statement form.)
1.
2.
3.
III. Specification of the Project: (Attach perspective/pictorial view and work

drawing) (Provide illustration of your expected product/article. Make sure to indicate
the details of your product/article such as stitches to be used, size etc.)
IV. Bill of Materials: (This section provides the budgetary requirement needed to
create the product/article. See the sample content for reference.)
Materials and Supplies:
Qty. Unit Item with Description Unit Total

Cost Cost
2 Ball Yarn, Blue ₱30.00 ₱60.00
Total Cost of Materials ₱ 60.00

V. Tools, Materials & Equipment:(Enumerate the tools, materials and equipment
you will be using. These are already available and not included to the things that you
need to buy)
1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
VI. Work Procedure (Write down the step by step procedure in making your
product/article. Make sure to arrange it in sequence)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VII. Safety Measures or Precautions: (Indicate safety reminders based on the

potential hazards in needlecraft.)
VIII. Evaluation:(Leave this blank. Your teacher will be the one to give the
evaluation based on your performance. You will find in this section the assessment
of your teacher such as the weaknesses and strengths of your output.)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
IX. Remarks: (Leave this blank. Your teacher will be the one to give the remarks.
You will find in this section the things to be improved in your product based on the
evaluation)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
If your finished product is to be sold, you will be required to accomplish a

financial statement. This is helpful in evaluating if you gain profit or not. See on the
next page the format of financial statement which includes the formula how to mark
the price of your product.

Financial Statement
Name of Project:
Total no.
Total Cost Per product Profit
of
Expenses Total sales (total sales less
Products
expenses)
₱1,500.00 40 pcs 48.75 ₱1,960.00 ₱450.00
FORMULA FOR COSTING:
Selling Price Note: the 30% mark-up is equivalent to

Total Expenses + 30% mark – up your profit.
No. of products To get the 30% mark-up, follow this
formula:
Example:
= Total expenses x.30
Selling price = ₱1,500.00 + ₱450.00
Ex:
40
= ₱1,500.00 x .30
Selling price = ₱48.75
30% = ₱450.00
Computation for profit:
Profit = total sales – total expenses

= ₱1,960.00 – ₱1,500.00
Profit = ₱450.00

PACKAGING OF FINISHED PRODUCTS/PROJECTS
After discussing about the topic on crocheting and acquire knowledge and
skills, you are now ready to make crocheted articles or products. The output can be
sold to your family, relatives or close friends and it could be the start of your own
business.
Packaging is the process of using materials to wrap or protect goods or

products. Aside from the protection of the products or goods, the packaging
materials will serve as an attraction to the buyer.
PACKAGING MATERIALS AND TOOLS
Creative and artistic packaging lies on the hand of

the packager. You may use all the materials you think
would help in making your package more presentable.
These days, people are becoming environment-
conscious. As much as possible, the use of plastics is
beingreduced or avoided to help preserve and protect our
environment. Instead, indigenous materials or those
abundant in the locality may be utilized. Abundance of
materials may also mean cheaper price for the packaging.
Product packaging is about communication and

persuasion. Sometimes, aside from the quality,
consumers are attracted to buy the product because of its
appearance. They tend to compare the same products
according to the packaging options. When all other
features are equal, the deciding factor might be the
presentation of the product based on its packaging

Choosing the materials in packaging varies on the
theme of package whether it is for occasional purposes
such as birthday, valentines, Christmas. One should be
equipped with bright and creative ideas in order to come up
with a good package design or style. The manner you pack
your product highly reflects the kind of person you are. It
shows the creativity and innovativeness in you. This also
shows how you value your item.
This module encourages you to think of the

packaging and express yourself freely as you pack your
needle craft
items. That’s why, give the best you’ve got. Don’t be afraid
to discover and explore the potential and God-given talent in
you! Enjoy packaging!
CARING FOR ALL NEEDLECRAFT ARTICLES
Needlecraft articles can become treasured heirlooms. Therefore proper and

adequate care must be taken to preserve the work and time that has been invested.
Usually, the most causes of damage to needlecraft articles are improper

storage and laundering. Here are some tips that can greatly extend the life of your
item:
1. Launder the smocked article whenever necessary using soap and water.
2. You may use hanger or hang them with two ends clipped on a clothesline.
3. Gently agitate the needlecraft item in the water. Never wring or just let the
water drip.
4. Crocheted articles with regular wool must be washed by hand in cold water or
it will felt and shrink.
5. In drying, gently remove excess water and lay item flat on a dry, absorbent
towel and roll up in the towel, pressing firmly as you roll. Do not wring the
towel.
6. Place the item on the dry towel and reshape into its original shape. Pat it into
shape; avoid tugging or pulling.
7. Allow the needle craft articles to dry for 24 hours.
8. To prevent unwanted pests, items can be stored in closed plastic bags to
keep them clean and free of dust. Never store them with items that contain
zippers or buttons that can cause damage.
9. If you don’t know what type of yarn was used, it is safest to have the item dry-
cleaned.
10. For embroidered articles, check the fibers for colorfastness to prevent dyes
from running. To test, wet a piece of white cloth with cold water and gently rub
it over each different color in your piece. If there is any color transfer to the
white cloth or swab, don’t wash your piece at all. Washing will result in
discoloration and fading.
11. Use a liquid detergent that is gentle and free of dyes and perfumes. A liquid
detergent will disperse in the water and leave less residue on the fabric.

LESSON 1
EMBROIDERY
OBJECTIVES
1. Describe embroidery;
2. Identify the tools and materials used;
3. Demonstrate the proper use of embroidery tools and materials;
4. Perform the techniques and stitches in embroidery, Calado and smocking.
5. Perform the basic stitches in embroidery;
6. Prepare project plan for the expected embroidered articles.
7. Create embroidered articles keeping in mind the techniques and art principles;
8. Select appropriate quality packaging material for embroidered articles; and
9. Evaluate the quality/characteristics of embroidered article and packaging
presentation
OVERVIEW
Embroidery is the handicraft of decorating fabric or other materials with

needle and thread or yarn. It is available with a wide variety of thread or yarn color.
An interesting characteristic of embroidery is that the basic techniques or stitches on
surviving examples of the earliest embroidery—chain stitch, buttonhole or blanket
stitch, running stitch, satin stitch, cross stitch—remain the fundamental techniques of
hand embroidery today. It can be a profitable business or additional means of
augmenting income. You can also work from home with minimal start-up costs.
This lesson covers the learning competencies aiming to develop and enhance
the skill, knowledge and attitude of learners towards drafting project plans, making of
embroidered articles with package accompanied by project plan.

PRE-ASSESMENT
A. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write your answer in your answer
sheet.
1. A place known to be the “Embroidery Capital of the Philippines”

A. Cuenca, Batangas C. Lumban, Laguna
B. Palo, Leyte D. Mabalacat, Pampanga
2. Embroidery in the Philippines became more popular because of its .

A. advertisements C. imported materials
B. fine workmanship D. big capital investments
3. In choosing the thread for embroidery, the foremost consideration is the _______.
A. ability of the person to embroider C. purpose of the article
B. laundering procedure D. color of the Material
4. These fabrics are intended for hardanger embroidery since the number of threads
per square inch is the same for both warp and weft/woof.
A. Even-wave fabric C. Common weave
B. Basket weave D. Original weave
5. It is a process of transferring design on the cloth using the perforated pattern, soft
absorbent cloth and petroleum or kerosene.
A. Stamping C. Tracing
B. Ironing D. Laundering
6. A decorative embroidery or shirring design to control fullness in garments by
gathering the fabrics:
A. Calado C. Embroidery
B. Cross Stitch D. Smocking
7. It is a popular form of counted-thread embroidery in which X-shaped stitches in a
tiled, raster-like pattern are used to form a picture.
A. Calado C. Embroidery
B. Cross Stitch D. Smocking
8. Calado is most appropriately embroidered for ________.
A. baby’s clothing C. aprons
B. undergarments D. Barong Tagalog
9. The simplest method of transferring design is ________.
A. ironing C. stamping
B. tracing D. printing
10. The success of an embroidered article depends largely on the _____ of the
stitches:
A. size C. tension
B. width D. length

B. Matching Type
Directions: Match the descriptions in Column A to their correct names as listed in
Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your answer sheet.
Column A Column B
_____1. This tool is used for trimming A. Fabric

scallops, clipping threads, or
cutting large eyelets B. Pencil
_____2. It is selected according to the C. Ironing

purpose and the design to be
used usually varies from very D. Scissors
soft to very coarse or heavy.
E. Embroider frame
_____3. It is the device used to keep the
fabric heavy stretched while F. Embroidery threads
_____4. This material can be bought

either in skeins, balls or spool.
_____5. It is commonly used for

placement of fine lines on
fabric. Many of them have an
eraser or brush and some are
water soluble so that the marks
can be removed from the
fabric.
D. Identification
Directions: Identify the following embroidery stitches being describe. Write your
answer in your answer sheet
1. It is also called double running stitch that often used to outline blackwork
embroidery.
2. It is a single detached stitch used primarily to fill in a design area. Also, a

popular stitch among embroiderers because it can be used to create the eyes on
an embroidered face or the center of the flower.
3. It is also called as the Continental Stitch. One of the most often used in basic
needlepoint stitches.
4. A chain stitch that is popularly used for making decorative borders. It derives its
name from its resemblance to a rose bud.
5. Stitch considered especially useful for outlining or giving more weight to a single
stitch line. Usually two working yarns are used.

LEARNING OUTCOME 1:
UNDERSTAND EMBROIDERY AS A CRAFT AND ITS TECHNIQUES
OBJECTIVES
For the attainment of the learning outcome, you are expected to perform the
following set of objectives:
1. Describe embroidery;
2. Identify the tools and materials used;
3. Demonstrate the proper use of embroidery tools and materials; and
4. Perform the techniques and stitches in embroidery, Calado and smocking.
LESSON 1.1
EMBROIDERY: A BRIEF BACKGROUND
Embroidery is the art or process of decorating fabric or other materials with a

wide variety of thread or yarn color using needle. There are six basic kinds of
embroidery, namely: pure stitchery, cutwork, drawnwork, appliqué or patchwork,
quilting and smocking (Arribas, 1995).
Embroidery is one of the excellent sources of income since Philippine-made

embroidery articles are not only saleable here in the country, but these are also
admired and well-loved products in the international market such as in Indonesia,
Malaysia, Japan, America and other countries in Europe. (Department of Education
reference, SEDP series)
In the Philippines, embroidery started during the Spanish regime. Aside from
reading, writing and doing household chores and crafts, they also taught young
women how to do simple embroidery like decorating linens with attractive designs
with the use of needle and thread. The finished product was usually used for priests’
vestments, altar tables, and clothes of statues and saints. Soon after, they applied

embroidery on other articles like handkerchiefs, blouses, dresses, shirts and table
linens such as tablecloths, table napkins and placemats. With great aptitude and skill
in producing beautiful embroidered articles showing their patience, dedication and
good taste, Filipino women were regarded as one of the most skillful embroiderer in
the world. (Department of Education reference, SEDP series)
Do you know that Lumban, Laguna is known as the “Embroidery Capital of the
Philippines”? Lumban became known as the "Embroidery Capital of the Philippines"
because it is where fine Jusi and Piña cloth are embroidered by hand. The finished
productstypically worn by men are known as “Barong Tagalog” and while the women
use the “Saya” (Filipina). These products are available not only here in our country
but also exported in other foreign countries.
Significantly, through embroidery we are able to express our creative

individualism based on what we inherit from our ancestors which gives pride to our
country. Proud to say, Philippine embroidered articles are noted for fine
workmanship, durability, beautiful designs, and intricate embroidery stitches
(Department of Education reference, SEDP series).
Many towns in the Philippines, women and even young girls help the family
increase its income doing embroidery for big companies. Among these towns are
Paraňaque, Rizal, Province, Taal, and Batangas.
EMBROIDERY TOOLS AND MATERIALS
The quality of an embroidered article does not only depend on the skills of the
maker but also in the kind of sewing tools and materials being used.The embroidery
tools should be orderly put in a sewing box or into an organizer.
A. Embroidery Tools
1. Embroidery needle is a short piece of steel with a fine point at one end and a
little opening or eye at the other. Needles are of three basic types namely: a)
crewel sizes; b) chenille sizes and; c) tapestry needles.

a. Crewell has sizes 1-10 and sharp-pointed,
medium - length with large eyes for easy
threading. They are used for most standard
embroidery stitching.
b. Chenille - sizes 13 to 26 are also sharp-pointed

needles, but they are thicker and longer and
have larger eyes; appropriate for embroidery
that is worked with heavier yarns.
c. Tapestry needles are from sizes 13 to 26.

They are similar in size to Chenilles but
are blunt rather than sharp. This makes
them best for thread-counting embroidery
and needle point.
2. Embroidery scissors. You will need

embroidery scissors that are sharp, pointed, and
curved upward. They will help you in doing some
tasks like trimming scallops, clipping threads, or
cutting large eyelets. (SEDP Series, Technology
and Home Economics III)
3. Stiletto. It is the tool used in making eyelets. It

is usually made of wood, bone or metal. (SEDP
Series, Technology and Home Economics III)

4. Embroidery frame or Hoops. It is a device to
keep the fabric stretched while you apply
embroidery stitches on the design. (SEDP Series,
Technology and Home Economics III)
5. Gauge or Ruler. It is used to measure short

distances. (from mam wella’s reference)
6. Tape Measure. It is intended for measuring more

than one-foot distances or materials.
7. Thimbles are made from metal or plastic,

protect the middle finger and push the needle
while doing embroidery work.

8. Needle Threader is used for easier threading
especially by those sewers with poor eyesight. (from
mam wella’s reference)
9. Pin Cushions maybe made of cotton, wool or hair.

This is where the pins and needles are pinned.
B. Embroidery Materials
1. Fabrics sometimes referred to as cloths, are of great variety, and they differ in
material, weight, weave, design, color and finish.
Types of Fabric:
a) Even-weave are intended for hardanger embroidery

since the number of threads per square inch is the same
for both warp and weft/woof.
b) Common-weave includes most tightly woven fabrics with

a relatively smooth surface like linen, wool and cotton.
They are best used for articles with decorative stitches.
c) Basket weave is commonly used by beginners and ramie

linen, wool and cotton. They are best used for articles
with decorative stitches.

2. Embroidery threads - They are bought in skeins,
balls, or spool. They are available in a variety of
colors which are usually coded with numbers and
color names. Select threads which are colorfast. Buy
embroidery threads which will suit the texture of the
fabric. Some embroidery threads are mercerized and
shiny. (SEDP Series, Technology and Home
Economics III)
3. Carbon Paper - It is a specially waxed carbon paper

that transfer’s the tracing wheel’s markings to the
fabric. A color of tracing paper should be chosen that
is close to the color of the fabric. Different brands of
tracing paper have different instructions; therefore, the
instructions for the particular brand that is purchased
should be followed.
4. Chalk Pencil allow for the placement of fine lines on

fabric, and many of them have an eraser or brush so
that the marks can be removed from the fabric.

REVIEW OF THE LESSON 1.1
SUCCESS STORY
Name: Date:
Year and Section: Rating:
Directions: Interview a successful entrepreneur whose primary business is on

embroidery. Below are the guide questions but you could also make some
modifications. Report to class your experience.
Name of the entrepreneur:

Enterprise:
Guide questions:
1. How did you start your embroidery business?
2. Why did you choose embroidery products as main item of your business?
3. What is the most difficult part in handling embroidered articles?
4. What is the characteristic/attitude of an entrepreneur you valued most?
5. What is the greatest challenge you encountered and how did you deal with it?
6. What can you say or advise to those who wanted to take the venture of
entrepreneurship using embroidered articles/products as their main enterprise?

LEARNING OUTCOME 2:
CREATE EMBROIDERED ARTICLES
OBJECTIVES
For the attainment of the competencies, you are expected to perform the
1. Perform the basic stitches in embroidery;

2. Prepare project plan for the expected embroidered articles;
3. Create embroidered articles keeping in mind the techniques and art
principles;
4. Select appropriate quality packaging material for embroidered articles; and
5. Evaluate the quality/characteristics of embroidered article and packaging
presentation
LESSON 1.2
BASIC EMBROIDERY STITCHES
1. RUNNING STITCH
One of the most basic stitches, and is usually the first stitch learned by the
beginner embroidery or sewing enthusiast. This stitch can be worked in straight or
curved lines, or for assembly when finishing an embroidery project. Variations of the
embroidery version of this stitch include the whipped running stitch, laced running
stitch, as well as a few dozen others. Running stitch is also the basic stitch used for
darning stitches, with the straight stitches arranged in patterned row.
To work the Running Stitch:

1. Bring your needle up through the fabric
from the back (or wrong side, whichever
lingo you prefer) until the knot hits the
fabric.
2. Then bring the thread back up and until
the task is completed.

2. BACK STITCH
This stitch most often used to outline a design. This stitch also forms the base
line for other embroidery stitches.
To work the Back Stitch:
1. Start your back stitch as you would any

other line stitch. Start the second stitch on
the other side of your stitch.
2. Start the third stitch at the end of the
second stitch.
3. Make sure all your stitches are the same

length.
3. COUCHING
Stitch considered especially useful for outlining or giving more weight to a

single stitch line. Usually two working yarns are used: the laid yarn and couching
yarn. The yarn which is stitched over another yarn – the laid yarn – to attached it to
the fabric is called couching yarn.
To work the Couching:
1. Put a thread on the line of the design.
2. Stitch over using another thread,

keeping the first thread in place by using
a small stitches on the fabric.
3. The second stitch can be of constrasting

color to the laid thread if desired.

4. CROSS STITCH
Stitch formed by two-crossing arms and may be used for outlining, as borders
or to fill an entire area.
To work the Cross Stitch:
1. Complete one half of the cross at a time, first

from lower right to top left and back under
the fabric to the lower left, and so on to the
end of the line (A).
2. Complete the other half of the cross (B).
3. Make sure the upper half of each stitch lies

in the same direction.
5. TENT STITCH
It is also called as the “Continental Stitch”. One of the most often used in
basic needlepoint stitches. This is usually done on single thread canvass.
To work the Tent or Continental Stitch:
1. Work left to right bringing thread out at top

of first stitch, insert needle diagonally down
over crossed threads to bottom of stitch.
Bring out to the right of the first stitch.
Continue this way to the end of the row.
2. The second row is worked from right to left

inserting the needle at top of the stitch.
3. Continue working rows backwards and

forwards until the area is filled making sure
all stitches slope in the same direction . The
stitch can also be worked horizontally or
diagonally.

6. FRENCH KNOT
A single detached stitch used primarily to fill in a design area. It is popular
stitch among embroiderers because it can be used to create the eyes on an
embroidered face or the center of the flower.
To work the French Knot:
1. Insert the needle at the wrong side.
2. Holding the thread taut with left thumb, wind

the thread twice or several times around the
needle.
3. Hold the thread in place with your thumb

then pull the needle and insert it close to the
point it came through.
4. Insert the needle to the point where the next

French knot is to be placed.
7. HOLBEIN STITCH
It is also called double running stitch often used to outline blackwork
embroidery. This stitch was first known as the “Italian Stitch”. It became known as
the “Holbein Stitch” after Hans Holbein the Younger, a 16th-century portrait painter
best known for his paintings of Henry VIII and his children, almost all of whom are
depicted wearing clothing decorated with blackwork embroidery.
To work the Holbein Stitch:
1. Work a row of running stitches, leaving the

same number of threads between the
stitches as stitch length
2. Work back with another row of running

stitches filling in the gaps left on the first
row

8. HERRINGBONE STITCH
It is basic overlapping stitch popular in border making.
To work the Herringbone stitch:
1. Bring needle out on lower line. Insert on

top edge a little to the right and take a
small stitch backwards along top edge.
2. Insert on lower edge a little to the right

and take another small stitch to the left.
The fabric lifted by the needle and the
space between the stitches should be
the same to achieve best effect.
3. Continue in this way until it was

completed.
9. FISH BONE STITCH

This is a kind of filling stitch which is ideal for making leaves or feather. In a
broader sense, it is regarded as a member of the satin stitch family.
To work the Fish Bone Stitch:
1. Bring the needle out at the top of the

shape (1) and make a small straight
stitch
2. Continue down the shape, bringing the

needle out at the edge (2 and 3) and
down at the right or left of the center.

10. BLANKET and BUTTONHOLE STITCHES
The blanket stitch is a basic, popular embroidery stitch that can be used to
create an edging, used as a surface embroidery stitch, or to stitch elements in place
on an embroidery project, while buttonhole stitch are mostly used for cutwork
embroidery.
These stitches are done in the same manner. Their difference lies in the
distance between stitches. Buttonhole stitches have less space between them as
compared to blanket stitches.
To work the blanket stitch:
1. Pull the needle through to make an l-shaped half loop

with the embroidery thread. Continue working the
stitch, spacing them a short distance apart at regular
intervals.
2. Bring the needle up from the lower left edge and

insert your needle through the embroidery fabric at
the top of the location of the first stitch.
3. Bring the tip of the needle through the fabric a short

distance below the entry point, making a vertical
stitch. If working along a marked line, the needle tip is
brought through the fabric to the right side. If it is
worked along an edge, the needle tip extends beyond
the edge of the fabric.
11. ROUMANIAN STITCH

A couching stitch which has only one working yarn. This means that the yarn
used as the laid yarn is also the yarn used for couching.
To work the Roumanian Stitch:

A
1. Bring the thread through at top left of the space.
2. Carry the thread across and lift a stitch on the right
side of the space.
3. Thread below the needle (A). Take a stitch at the B
left side, thread above the needle (B).
4. These two movement are worked until space is
filled. Keep stitches close together.

12. CHEVRON STITCH
It is a wider form of backstitch ideal for decorative borders and bands.
To work the Chevron:
1. Holding the needle downward, put the

thread through the lower line of the
design.
2. Insert the needle a little to the right on the
same line and take a small stitch to the
left emerging halfway between the stitch
being made.
3. Insert the needle on the upper line a little
to the right and take a small stitch a little
to the left.
4. Insert the needle again on the same line a
little to the right and take a small stitch to
the left emerging at center.
5. Continue doing this stitch alternately on
the upper and lower lines.
13. SATIN STITCHES

A solid filling stitch that is used to cover a design area with long, straight
stitches worked very close together.
To work the Satin Stitches:
1. Apply straight stitches across the design

perpendicular to the lines which form the shape.
2. Chain stitch or running stitch may be used as

padding underneath to give a raised effect.
3. Keep the edge even and follow the contour of the

shape. Avoid making too long stitches

14. SPLIT STITCH
A loose stitch catching only a thread or two of fabric. It is designed to be
invisible from the right side. It is a stitch for securing hems.
To work the Split Stitch:
1. Start your split stitch by coming up

through the middle of your first
stitch, splitting it in half.
2. Make the rest of your stitches the

same length as your first to get a
nice, even line.
3. Start your stitches in the middle of

the stitch before. Use the end of
the stitch two stitches before as a
guide.
15. STEM STITCH

Basically an outline stitch, this stitch is often used for the stems in floral
designs.
To work the Stem Stitch:
1. Start your split stitch by coming up

through the middle of your first
stitch, splitting it in half.
2. Make the rest of your stitches the

same length as your first to get a
nice, even line.
3. Start your stitches in the middle of

the stitch before. Use the end of the
stitch two stitches before as a guide.

16. LAZY DAISY CHAIN STITCH
It is also called as Detached Chain Stitch. This stitch is worked in a circle to
resemble the petals of a flower.
To work the Daisy Stitch:
1. The first stitch of your chain stitch

is a loop. It should start and stop
in the same place.
2. Fasten each loop at the bottom

(as presented in the diagram) with
a small stitch. This stitch can be
worked singly or in groups to form
flower petals.
17. HEMSTITCH
Italian hemstitching is a kind of counted thread embroidery. It is a stitch used
to draw out parallel threads and stitch the exposed threads in groups to form various
designs. Hemstitching done along both sides of the drawn threads is also called
ladder hemstitch or double hemstitching.
To work the Hem Stitch:
1. Draw out the threads from the fabric.

Fasten the thread near the drawn threads
at the right side.
2. Pass the needle behind four loose
threads. The number of threads taken
together may vary depending on the kind
of fabric used.
3. Pass the needle behind the same four
threads, this time bringing the point of the
needle through the fabric which is ready
for the next stitch. (At this point, the folded
hem of the article should now be turned to
the drawn threads and secured with the
stitch.)

18. FLY STITCH
A single stitch with a loop that is similar to that of the feather stitch. This stitch
can be used for borders or to fill in a design area. This stitch can be worked singly or
in vertical or horizontal rows.
To work the Fly Stitch:
1. Bring the needle out at top left. Hold the

thread down with the left thumb.
2. Insert to the right on the same level a
small distance from where it emerged
and take a small stitch downwards to
center.
3. With the thread under the needle, pull
through and insert the needle again
below at the center and emerge in
position for the next stitch.
19. PEKINESE STITCH

It is also known as the Chinese stitch. This stitch has back stitches as a base.
Several Pekinese stitches can be used to outline or fill in a design area.
To work the Pekinese Stitch:
1. Make a row of back stitches.
2. Interlace the row with a thread of either

the same tone or different color. When
working, pull on the loops slightly but
strive to create an even finish
throughout the row.

20. FEATHER STITCH
A stitch with a loop and stitches and stitches evenly worked on both left and
right sides of a design area.
To work the Feather Stitch:
1. Pull the needle out of the center while

doing holding the thread down with the
left thumb.
2. Insert the needle a little to the right at
the same level and take a small stitch
down to the center. Make sure to keep
the thread under the needle point.
3. Insert the needle a little to the left on the
same level and take stitch to the center.
Again, keeping the thread under the
needle point.
4. Work these two movements alternately.
21. BULLION STITCH/BULLION KNOT

This stitch is a single, detached stitch that is used for filling in a design area.
Rows of bullion stitches may also be used to outline a design. It is recommended
that one uses a needle with a small eye for ease in pulling.
To work the Bullion stitch:
1. Bring needle out at top of length required for

knot and make a backstitch to bottom of
length required.
2. Bring needle only partly out at original point.

Twist thread loosely round the top of the
needle, 6 or 8 times or enough to make the
right length of stitch.
3. Hold carefully with left thumb while pulling

needle through.
4. Turn needle ready to insert at bottom of

stitch, pull the needle tight and pass needle
through to back.

22. ROSETTE CHAIN STITCH
A chain stitch that is popularly used for making decorative borders. Its name
derives from the resemblance of a rose bud. It is worked from right to left between
double lines of a design area. In a row, rosette chain stitches are worked close
together.
To work the Rosette Chain Stitch:
1. Insert the needle through at the right end

of the upper line, then pass the thread
across to the left side while holding
down with the left thumb.
2. Bring the needle into the upper line a
short distance from where the thread
emerges and bring it out just above
bottom line.
3. Pass the thread around under the
needle point, draw needle through the
loop and then pass under the top thread
avoiding picking up any fabric.
23. TWISTED CHAIN STITCH

A Chain stitch which is used to create an unusual outline.
To work the Twisted Chain Stitch:
1. Start with chain stitch, but instead

of inserting the needle into the
place from where it emerged, insert
close to the last loop.
2. Use a slanting stitch as you go out

of the design’s line as you pull the
thread through. For a better effect,
keep the loops of this stitch close
together.

24. CORAL STITCH
A simple outline stitch marked by knots along a stitch line. This is used
particularly for making stems and twigs. Several rows of coral stitches can likewise
be used to fill in a design area, producing a remarkably different texture.
To work the Coral Stitch:
1. Insert the needle from the wrong

side and pull the thread up to the
right end of the line.
2. Hold the thread on the design lines
with the left thumb.
3. Stitch under the line and thread and
pull through bringing the needle
over the lower thread.

A. Review of the lesson 1.2
CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Name: Date:
Direction: Answer the cross word puzzle using the hint for horizontal and vertical
direction.
7
1 6
2 8 4
Hint: Hint:
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
1. It is regarded as a member of satin stitch family 6. It is a solid filling stitch worked very close
ideal for making leaves or feather. ____stitch together.___stitch
2. It is wider form of back stitch ideal for decorative 7. It is a chain stitch popularly used for
borders. _____stitch making decorative borders. It derived its
3. It is a loose stitch designed to be invisible from name from its resemblance to a rose
the right side usually used for sewing bud.___chain stitch
hems.___stitch 8. It is also called as double running
4. An outline stitch often used for the stems in stitch.___stitch
floral designs. ___stitch
5. It also called the continental stitch. ___stitch

B. Review of the Lesson 1.2
BASIC STITCHES IN EMBROIDERY
Name: Date:
Direction: Choose at least five embroidery stitches. Write each stitch inside the call
out. Then make a brief description or code that would help you to remember each
stitch. Example: Lazy Daisy Chain Stitch: Circle in shape. Flowers petal look alike.

LESSON 1.3
SPECIAL KINDS OF EMBROIDERY
CALADO
It is drawn work embroidery which the Philippines is noted for. Foreigners
used to buy and bring home our articles with Calado work because of the daintiness
of design and fineness of workmanship. Fine and even weave cloth is best suited for
this. To achieve good design, transfer your chosen design to the cloth by pricking
method.
The Philippines was already known in Europe and other place throughout the
world for its fine, intricate embroidery work even far back as the 19th century Among
the main centers of embroidery craftsmanship in the country during the time were
Ermita, Santa Ana, and Malate. Manila was particularly noted for embroidered
articles with satin-stitched designs combined with Calado.
The Calado Process

There are seven steps to make-up the Calado embroidery process for
beginners.
1. Draw the design on a sheet of paper
2. Using one of the methods of design transfer, transfer it to the wax paper.
3. With a fine needle, perforate the design
4. Print the design on fabric using a mixture of kerosene, alcohol and blue dye.
Your teacher will guide you in doing this step.
5. Set the work in a bastidor, or embroidery hoop, then apply Calado stitching on
the areas requiring this.
6. All around the work, apply scallop edging design
7. Soak and wash the work then set into the banatan, a rectangular embroidery
frame to stretch and even out the material.
Here is additional information particularly the steps on how to scallop the edge
(Heirloom Embroidery) of your fabric for a better result of your embroidered products:
1. Create a template to create a scalloped edge. Measure the edge of your

garment or fabric. Decide how large you want each scallop to be. Divide the
width of the scallop into the length of the fabric edge. Design the scallop width
so that scallops are placed on corners, e.g., the corners of a tablecloth or
napkins.

2. Draw your template on a folder. Open the folder. Measure the height of the
scallop, which is the distance from the top of the notch between scallops and
the bottom of the curved part of the scallop. Mark the scallop height on both
ends of the folder and draw a line between the two marks. Mark the width of
each scallop along the line that you drew. Place a cylindrical object between
the marks you made to indicate the scallop width and trace around the bottom
of the object.
3. Use a fine tailor's chalk pencil and your template to mark a scalloped edge on
your fabric or garment. Stitch a small running stitch 1/8 inch in from the edge
of the scalloped edge. Cut along the scalloped edge that you drew with tailor's
chalk.
4. Use a double strand of embroidery thread to create a satin embroidery stitch

along the scalloped edge of the fabric or garment. Begin stitching on the back-
side of the fabric, pull the thread through, pull the thread over the edge of the
fabric. Stitch up through the back-side of the fabric, inserting the needle very
close to previous stitch. Continue along the edge of your fabric or garment.
Maintain even thread tension to create a professional, couture appearance.
To attain beautiful lacy effects on fabrics that Calado embroidery can give,
one should make sure that the stitches are not too tight because it will give a
wrinkled effect nor too loose because it will result to unattractive and untidy looking.
Embroidery frame can help a lot in keeping the drawn thread stretched for a
fine finish. The tools and materials used in Calado embroidery is actually the same
with the basic embroidery work which was already discussed on the previous part of
this lesson.
Also, note that plain fabrics are best used for ease in sewing especially for the
beginner like you. But, you can also use printed fabrics, you just have to be careful
not to be distracted while counting the number of threads to be pulled or drawn.
Even-weave and medium-weight materials are preferred.
SMOCKING
Smocking is a decorative embroidery or shirring especially designed to control
fullness in garments by gathering the fabric in regularly spaced tucks held in place
with fancy stitches. It is an interesting design feature in a variety of articles but is
popularly used for children’s women’s clothing. It is commonly applied to areas of
clothing with simple rectangular patterns such as the neckline, yoke, sleeve hem and
cuffs. Smocking was practical for garments to be both form fitting and flexible, hence
its name derives from smock — a farmer's work shirt. Smocking was used most
extensively in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Basic Methods
Smocking is done in either two basic methods: regular and English. These
two methods differ basically as to the side of the fabric where dots are marked. The
dots serve as the guide for the smocking stitches.
In regular smocking, the dots are marked on the right side of the fabric before
smocking stitches are formed from dot to dot, gathering the fabric in each stitch. In
English smocking, the dots are marked on the wrong side of the fabric before the
rows of uneven running stitches are worked from dot to dot, forming small pleats.
This process is referred to as pre-gathering. Smocking stitches are then worked on
the right side of the fabric with a small stitch taken at each pleat previously.
Beginners in smocking are advised to use the English method of smocking as

the pre-gathering to make the smocking stitches easier.
Basic Tools and Materials

1. Soft, light weighted fabrics like cotton, lawn and soft wool are most
suitable as these fabrics gather easily. As smocking work takes up much
fabric, remember to always use two to three times the desired finished
width.
2. Crewel or chenille needles from 5 to 7.
3. Pearl cotton or embroidery floss.
4. You will also need grid to guide you as you work. The grid is marked on
the fabric in evenly spaced dots. Hot-iron transfer sheets of the grid may
be bought from crafts store. Or you may take your own grid using graphing
paper.
Basic Stitches and Variations

There are five basic smocking stitches and two variations. The stitches are
the cable, stem or outline, honeycomb, surface honeycomb, and vandyke. The stitch
variations are the wave stitch and trellis stitch.
The following are the directions in making each stitch in both regular and
English methods. Remember that the last step does not apply to the regular method;
it is only to be done for the English method.
1. Cable stitch is a tight stitch of double rows that joins alternating columns of
gathers. The cable stitch is made up of alternating down cable and up cable
stitches worked in a straight line. The needle is always inserted perpendicular to
the pleats and parallel to the gathering threads.

a. Start by bringing the needle up to the left
of the first pleat. With the thread under
needle, pick up the second pleat,
inserting the needle from right to left.
This is called an under cable. Give a
gentle tug upward as you finish the
stitch.
b. The third pleat is picked up in the same

manner but with the thread above the
needle. This is called an over cable.
Gently pull the thread down as you finish
the stitch.
c. Continue across the row in this manner

with the thread alternating above below
and above the needle. Use your needle
to push stray stitches into alignment.
Always keep your needle parallel to the
gathering row as you sew and you cable
stitch will sit right.
2. Honeycomb is a medium density variant on the cable stitch that double stitches
each set of gathers and provides more spacing between them, with an
intervening diagonal stitch concealed on the reverse side of the fabric. This stitch
is more elastic than any other of the smocking stitches, and is equally suitable for
fine or coarse work.
a. Start in 1st pleat.
b. Take a stitch through top of 2nd and

1st pleats together, catch them
together with a 2nd stitch but this
time taking needle down back of
the 2nd pleat until 2nd gathering
thread is reached, then bring it out.
c. Catch 3rd and 2nd pleats together with a stitch, make a 2nd stitch over
this and take needle up back of 3rd pleat and out at 1st gathering
thread.
d. Continue up and down in this way until row is complete. Work a 2 nd

row on 3rd and 4th gathering threads and consecutive rows if required.
Honeycomb is used mainly to finish off a pattern.

3. Surface honeycomb is a tight variant on the honeycomb stitch and the wave
stitch with the diagonal stitch visible, but spanning only one gather instead of a
gather and a space.
a. Bring up needle on left side of

2nd pleat from right; make a
stitch over these 2 pleats and
take needle down on right side
of 2nd pleat and pass it through
2nd and 3rd pleats halfway
between 1st and 2nd gathering
threads.
b. Continue up and down, advancing one pleat with every stitch.
c. Work a 2nd row of stitches from halfway between 1st and 2nd gathering
threads to 2nd gathering thread.
d. Arrange stitches as shown in diagram.
4. Stem stitch is a tight stitch with minimum flexibility that joins two columns of
gathers at a time in single-overlapping rows with a downward slope. It is a series
of under stitches picked on each pleat and having the thread always under the
needle. See diagram below
(a) (b)
5. Outline stitch is similar to the stem stitch but with an upward slope.
a. Bring the needle up on the left side of a pleat, then pick up the next pleat
to the right allowing needle to slant
b. The thread is kept above the needle, it can however be kept below needle
slanting upwards.

(a) (b)
6. Vandyke is a tight variant on the surface honeycomb stitch that wraps diagonal
stitches in the opposite direction.
a. Bring the needle up between the first two pleats to be stitched on the
right hand side of the fabric. Take the thread through to the left hand
side of the second pleat.
b. Keeping thread over needle, take a backstitch through pleats one and
two.
c. Thread still over needle, follow pleat two down to the bottom gathering
row, and take a stitch through pleats two and three (an old pleat and a
new one)
d. Thread under needle, make a backstitch through these two pleats again.
e. Thread still under needle, travel up on pleat three and make a stitch
through pleats three and four (old pleat and a new pleat).
f. Thread still under needle, travel up on pleat three and make a stitch
through pleats three and four (old pleat and a new pleat).
g. Continue across row in this manner

Stitch Variations
In making the wave stitch variation, dots are marked only where stitches will
be taken.
1. Wave stitch is a level stitch made up of cable stitches, moving up and then
down incremented equally between the gathering threads. This is worked
exactly in same way as Trellis stitch but after working one row a 2 nd row or
even a 3rd row is made to fit into the zig-zags, either close together or spaced.
a. Begin with a down cable.

b. Pick the next pleat (upward) halfway between the gathering threads in a
down cable fashion
c. Pick the next pleat (upward) at the gathering threads in a down cable
fashion.
d. Pick the next pleat at the gathering threads in and up cable fashion.
e. Pick the next pleat (downward) half way between the gathering threads in
a up cable fashion
f. Pick the next pleat (downward) at the gathering threads in a up cable
fashion and then pick the next pleat in a down cable fashion which is step
a again
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(e) (f)
2. Trellis stitch formed may be of different sizes, 3, 4 or 5 stitches are the usual
numbers for the side of each trellis.
a. Bring up needle in the 1st pleat on a gathering thread,
take a small stitch through 2nd pleat at a slightly lower
level slanting the needle slightly and keeping the
thread above it;
b. Take a stitch in 3rd and 4th pleats in the same way,
then one in 5th pleat at the same level as last but with
the thread below needle. This stitch should be halfway
between two gathering threads.

c. Work 3 stitches upwards in next 3 pleats, always keeping the thread below
needle, the last stitch being on level of 1st gathering thread.
d. Take a stitch in next pleat at same level but with thread above needle and
work downwards again to former level.
e. Work alternately up and down until end of row is reached.
f. The 2nd row is begun on level of 2nd gathering thread and the stitches are
worked upwards until 4th pleat is reached and then downwards. The centre
stitches of each row of zig-zags meet and form the trellis.
STARTING OFF WITH THE PROJECT
For smooth sailing and good quality work, here are some tips on how to start
with your projects:
1. Plan out your design carefully before to start your project.

2. In smocking, make sure that the yarn is above the needle when working down
and below the needle when working up.
3. Never overcrowd the gathers. As much as possible, combine smocking
stitches and colors to produce an interesting and attractive effect in your work.
4. Observe balance by starting to work from the center to the design.
5. Always evaluate the design before you stitch it out
6. In embroidering, use a hoop that is in good condition.
7. Use the size of hoop that is the closest to the size of the design. It is important
that you do not push the inner hoop through too much. This could cause other
problems.
8. Do not stretch the grain of the fabric.
9. When stitching the design, use light pressure on the side of the hoop while
stitching very heavily dense designs or if they have detailed outlines.

DESIGN TRANSFER
Embroidery design is a drawing or sketch of the work to be done. Designs are
selected to suit the purposes of the articles to be embroidered. Some articles need
elaborate designs while some need simple designs or monograms and tiny motifs.
Motifs may be made individually as the ones used on ladies handkerchiefs. The
design must be simple but decorative, adding beauty to the materials. Also,
considering the principles of design will produce more quality result.
Designs to be embroidered need to be neatly transferred on cloth. The

following are several ways of transferring designs on fabrics:
1. IRONING
There are commercial designs available in novelty stores which are
printed on thin transfer sheets. The design is transferred by laying the design
on the fabric and passing over a hot flat iron on the transfer sheet. The design
will then be imprinted on the cloth.
For smocked fabrics, when transferring the grids using hot iron, make
sure to check that the side and bottom edges of the transfer and fabric are
aligned. There is also a need to leave a seam allowance above the top row of
dots.
2. TRACING
This is the simplest method of transferring design. Use a light colored
carbon paper for light colored fabrics. Place the carbon paper face down on
the cloth and lay the design on top. Trace the design by using a pencil or any
sharp, pointed object.
In smocked articles, graphing paper may also be used to trace the

design.
1. Cut the graphing paper to fit your fabric
2. With a sharp awl, needle or pin, pierce dots on the paper in the spacing
you require. It will help to keep in mind that the space between dots is
usually from 1/4 to 3/8 inch while the space between the rows of dots is
usually from 1/8 to 1/2 inch.
3. Place the graphing paper over the fabric then mark dots on the fabric.
Use a pencil to make dots.

Note: you can also use an even-weave fabric such as gingham which has
a natural grid. Just remember to use pencil in marking the dots on the
fabrics.
3. STAMPING
This is the process of transferring design on the cloth with the use of a
perforated pattern, soft absorbent cloth, indigo, and petroleum or kerosene.
a. Mix indigo and petroleum or kerosene in a container. Form the soft

absorbent cloth into a ball.
b. With 1 part indigo and 1 ½ parts kerosene, make a smooth thin paste
c. Spread layers of newspaper on a table and lay the fabric on it. Check
the proper alignment of the warp and woof threads.
d. With the smooth side up, lay the perforated pattern on the fabric where
the design is to be placed. To keep the fabric in place, put weights on
the pattern.
e. Dip the ball of cloth into the bluing mixture and rub over the design in
one stroke or direction
f. Check if the design was transferred clearly by lifting a corner carefully.
Rub over again until the design is clearly imprinted.
g. Lift the perforated pattern and clean with kerosene. Dry by air.
h. Set aside the stamping materials and keep in safe place.
(SEDP Series, technology and Home Economics III)
Except for the honeycomb smocking, always work on your

stitches from left to right (left-handed persons work in an
opposite direction).
Cross Stitch
It is a popular form of counted-thread embroidery in which X-shaped stitches
in a tiled, raster-like pattern are used to form a picture. Cross-stitch is often executed
on easily countable evenweave fabric called aida cloth. It is one of the oldest forms
of embroidery and can be found all over the world. Many folk museums show

examples of clothing decorated with cross-stitch, especially from
continental Europe and Asia.
The following are some of the tips before beginning your project:
1. Choose your fabric. Although cross stitch refers to the way in which you create
a stitched pattern and not to a particular fabric, it is most often done on a type of
material known as “Aida cloth”. This material is loosely woven in a grid pattern
that makes lining up all your stitches easy. Aida fabric comes in different sizes
which refer to the number of stitches that can be created in 1 square inch. The
options are typically 11, 14, 18, and 28.
It is easiest to start on an Aida cloth that uses an 11 or 14 stitch count, as

this provides larger spaces for your cross stitch. The higher the number of
stitches, the smaller your crosses will be.
If you don't want to use Aida cloth for your cross stitch, other popular
options are linen or fiddlers cloth. Both these lack the same wide spaces Aida
cloth provides for beginners though.
2. Select your thread. Cross stitch is great because it offers so much freedom on
the part of the maker, particularly in the color options of thread. Embroidery floss
is typically used and can be found in hundreds of colors. Each skein of
embroidery floss comes in six threads, but only 1-3 will be used for cross stitch at
a time.
If you have a difficult time doing cross stitch with your thread, you can get
waxed thread or use a bit of beeswax to prep your thread before starting your
stitching. It will help the floss to thread and tie off easier.
3. Choose a pattern. Cross stitching is as simple as matching the grid on a pattern

of choice to the grid in your cross-stitch fabric. Choose a pattern from a booklet or
online, and gather embroidery floss in colors to match.
As a beginner, it may be best to start with a simple cross stitch. Find a pattern
that is small and doesn’t involve too many details and uses a total of 3-7 colors
only.
You can create your own pattern using your own images and a computer
program or a bit of graph paper if you don't like the patterns that are available.

4. Get an embroidery hoop. This is a double ring made of plastic, metal, or wood
that secures your cross stitch as you work. Although you can create a cross stitch
without one, embroidery hoops are incredibly helpful and relatively inexpensive.
Small hoops are easier to hold but must be moved often, while large hoops
require more of a grip but need to be moved around your needlepoint less.
Making Your Own Pattern
1. Choose an image. Any image can be created into a cross stitch pattern, but
simple ones with easily definable shapes are best. Choose a picture or
drawing that has only a few colors and lacks a lot of detail.
2. Adjust your image. You may want to crop and enlarge your image so that
you focus on a single portion of the original picture. If you have a photo editing
program, use a "posterize" feature to transform your picture into easily
definable shapes. Convert your picture to grayscale before printing to match
easier the values of the chosen color.
3. Trace your image. Print a physical copy of your image, and gather a piece of
graph paper. Lay the graph paper over the top of your printed image, and
trace the outline of the most basic shapes. Try to limit the amount of detail
that you copy over.
4. Choose your colors. With your image and shapes traced, choose 3-7 colors
to use for your cross stitch. Use colored pencils that match your chosen colors
to shade in the shapes, focusing on a grid pattern and avoiding curved lines.
Doing a Basic Cross Stitch
1. Cut your fabric and floss. The size of your fabric will depend on the size of
the pattern you are using. Each small square on the cross stitch fabric is
representational of a single stitch (or “x” shaped cross), and can be counted
across to get your exact size. Your embroidery floss should be cut to a length
of about 36” to begin.
Embroidery floss comes in strands of six threads, but typically only one
is necessary for cross stitching. Gently pull apart the groupings of threads
from the center and use a single thread for each section on your pattern.

Some patterns may call for multiple threads to be used at once, so
make sure to check yours before assuming the use of a single thread.
One of the great things about cross stitching is that you can’t tell where
you start/stop from the front. Simply cut additional thread and start again from
where you left off.
2. Thread your needle. Take your single thread of embroidery floss and create
a loop at the end. Then pull the loop through, leaving the two tail ends (one
should be very short) to hang out the opposite side of the eye of the needle.
3. Begin your cross stitch. Count on your pattern the number of grid spaces to
the first stitch (typically the centermost stitch), and insert your needle from the
bottom. Pull the thread all the way through, leaving a bit of the loop at the
bottom. Then, cross the thread down or up diagonally and pull the needle
through the loop underneath to create a stable anchor for your stitching.
With every stitch you make, thread your strings over the loose tail in the back
to secure it to your cross stitch fabric. This will also make it less likely for your
cross stitch to unravel from being tugged or pulled.
4. Continue stitching. Using the same “x” stitch pattern, work outwards from
the center of your cross stitch until you have completed the pattern.
5. Finish your piece. When you have completed the pattern and added an
optional backstitch border, tie off your thread underneath your cross stitch. Tie
a simple knot on the backside of your pattern, and cut off any remaining
thread.
6. Wash your cross stitch. Hands are naturally very dirty and oily, and as such
make the fabric of your needlepoint dirty as well. Frequent hand washing can
help to limit the amount of grime that is transferred to your fabric, but a ring of
dirt around your embroidery hoop is nearly inevitable. Gently hand wash your
cross stitch with soap and water and allow to air dry when you are finished
with it. http://www.wikihow.com/Cross-Stitch

A. Review of the Lesson 1.3
PROJECT PLANNING
Name: Date:
A. Direction: Think of a possible project or article using embroidery techniques.

You may surf the Internet to browse the current trends today. Plan it using the
format below. The more catchy and creative your project name is, the better.
You may use separate sheet of paper if necessary.
PROJECT PLAN FOR EMBROIDERED ARTICLE
Name: Date Begun:

Year & Sec.: Date Finished:
I. Name of the project:
II. Purpose of the project: (enumerate)

1.
2.
3.
III. Specification of the project
IV. Bills of Materials
Materials and Supplies
Unit Quantity Item Description Unit cost Total

Cost

V. Tools, materials and equipment needed
1.
2.
3.
VI. Work Procedures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VII. Safety Measures and Precautions
VIII. Evaluation
IX. Remarks
_________________________
(Name of Student)

B. Review of Lesson 1.3
Financial Statement
Name: Date:
A. Directions: Read and analyze the situations carefully.. Show your

computation.
Situation: After attending the subject on needle craft, Lanly and Allan was
motivated to spend their summer vacation making crocheted mini pouch. They
they want to help their parents gain income, and make their vacation more
productive. Before the end of summer, they were able to craft 60 pieces of mini
pouch and had the expenses of ₱500.00. How much will they sell their mini
pouch? If their entire pouch were sold, how much is their profit?
Solution:
B. Based on your computed solution, complete this financial statement table.

Total Total No. of Cost per
Total sales Profit
Expenses products product

LET’S DO THIS!
1. Make a Sampler Craft book on the Embroidery stitches that you have made.
Be creative in your presentation!
2. Prepare a project plan for the following embroidered articles. You are free to
choose any color of yarn. You may refer to this procedure but you could also
make some modifications. Your finished product shall be pack presentably. To
know the criteria on how your output will be rated, refer to page 102 (Rubric
performance). Be creative in doing your embroidered articles.
Embroidered Handkerchief
Materials:
- 35 cm square perlin or soft cotton Embroider the design:
material a) Fit the cloth on round wooden frame
- A piece of white, thin pattern paper (bastidor). Use outline stitches and
- Indigo and petroleum mixed in a container other easy stitches like seed stitch
- Soft absorbent cloth and small satin stitch
- Sewing tools b) Using a pin, count the thread which
- Blade should be cut within the design for
- Embroidery threads your calado. Put the same mark on
- Round wooden frame or bastidor the opposite end and cut the threads
which should be cut and catch them
Procedure: with a pin. Cut the threads using the
1. Trace the chosen design or you may blade.
create your own. c) Draw the cut threads one at a time,
2. Using a pin, perforate the pattern on until you form small windows.
a pillow. Be sure to prick the paper d) Do calado stitches along the windows
close enough to make the lines formed
accurate. e) Roll the raw edge of the handkerchief
3. Lay the cloth on a table lined with and hem using the desired stitch. Be
newspaper and put the perforated sure you miter the corner.
pattern on it. f) Launder your handkerchief to remove
4. Stamp the design using the soft dirt and the indigo and petroleum
absorbent cloth dipped in indigo and marks. Using a medium hot flatiron
petroleum. press on the wrong side of the
5. Let the indigo and petroleum dry handkerchief.
before starting with your embroidery.
Source: Department of Education Reference. Technology and Home Economics III.

Home Technology Related Crafts. Third Year High school. MG Reprogaphics Supply
and Services, Inc. ISBN 971-540-010-8 (Experimental Edition) pp. 36-37.

EMBROIDERED ARTICLE # 2
CROSS STITCH
Direction: The whole class will be using one pattern to have uniformity in terms of
difficulty and just assessment of your performance output. Your teacher will decide what
pattern to be used and provide clear instruction on how are you going to accomplish
your project.
EMBROIDERED ARTICLE # 3
SMOCKED PILLOW CASE
Procedure:
1. Measure and cut a square of fabric one inch larger than the prefer size of
pillow, in both length and width. This is the back of the pillow. Set aside.
2. Measure and cut another piece of fabric one inch wider than the pillow form
and three times longer, plus one inch.
3. Make a grid of evenly spaced dots on the right side of the large piece of fabric
using a fabric pencil. Use one inch distance between dots. The more space
between dots, the larger the smocked folds of fabric. Cover the entire large
piece of fabric with rows and columns of evenly spaced dots.
4. Apply honeycomb stitch until the entire piece of fabric has been smocked.
Make a small lockstitch at each point where dots meet. Knot the thread at the
end of each row as you work.
5. Sew the pillow back to the smocked front piece with right sides together.
Stitch by hand with 1 inch seam allowances. Leave one side open to insert
the pillow form.
6. Turn the pillow right side out. Insert the pillow form, distributing smoothly over
the form.
7. Turn in the raw edges and sew the opening together.
Source: http://homeguides.sfgate.com/make-smocked-pillows-53268.html
3. As you finish your embroidered projects (embroidered handkerchief and cross

stitch), choose at least 3 of your classmates and allow them to give their
written comments about your finished product. Be open to accept either
positive or negative feedbacks. Attached those feedbacks as you submit your
finished product. This will help you to gather ideas in making your next
article/product be of more quality. Remember to always open a room for
improvement.

HOW WELL DID YOU PERFORM?
Using the rubric performance below, let us determine the

quality performance of your embroidered articles.
RUBRIC PERFORMANCE
Ideal Actual
Criteria
Score Score
DESIGN (30%)
Original, innovative in concept and design 5
Appropriate for the intended use 10
Beauty/Appearance– appropriate application of elements

and principles in art, well-proportioned, structurally 15
stable
MATERIAL (30%)
Appropriate choice for the design and function 10
Availability of materials – legally approved for use,

5
environment-friendly.
Characteristics of the material contribute to the appeal of

5
the product.
Mature and well-seasoned materials, of good quality.

5
Properly and adequately processed.
Materials are economically used. 5
TECHNIQUE (40%)
Techniques are suited to the design and materials. 10
Construction techniques blend well with the design and

10
appeal of the object.
Well-exhibited technique, from pre-construction to

10
finishing, results to a strong and durable product.
Fine craftsmanship 10
Total Score 100
(Adapted and modified from Arribas, 2009)

Name: Date:
C. Review of the Lesson 1.3

MY STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS
Directions: Using the table below, asses the strengths and weakness of your
embroidered article/product. Write the strengths on the first column and the
weaknesses on the second. On the third column, suggest how you could turn your
weakness into strength
My embroidered article:
MY PRODUCT’S MY PRODUCT’S TURNING MY WEAKNESS

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES INTO STRENGTH

Name: Date:
D. Review of the Lesson 1.3

“EMBROIDERY”
Direction: Think of an adjective, verb or noun that corresponds to every letter of the
word EMBROIDERY. Each word shall describe the experience in making embroidery
stitches.
Example. E – enjoyable. I found embroidery as enjoyable activity because of the

unique and attractive embroidery stitches that could be apply as design for clothes,
handkerchief and many more.

E. Review of the Lesson 1.3
MY JOURNAL
Name: Date:
Direction: Narrate your experience in making embroidered articles. Cite the

challenges or difficulties you encountered and how did you manage them.
Emphasize the lessons learned for the entire lesson. Use a separate sheet of paper.

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?
LESSON 3
POST TEST
Multiple
B. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write your answer in your answer
sheet.
1. A place known to be the “Embroidery Capital of the Philippines”

C. Cuenca, Batangas C. Lumban, Laguna
D. Palo, Leyte D. Mabalacat, Pampanga
2. Embroidery in the Philippines became more popular because of its .

C. Advertisements C. Imported Materials
D. Fine workmanship D. Big Capital Investments
3. In choosing the thread for embroidery, the foremost consideration is the _______.
C. Ability of the person to embroider C. Purpose of the article
D. Laundering procedure D. Color of the Material
4. These fabrics are intended for hardanger embroidery since the number of threads
per square inch is the same for both warp and weft/woof.
A. Even-wave fabric C. Common weave
B. Basket weave D. Original weave
5. It is a process of transferring design on the cloth using the perforated pattern, soft
absorbent cloth and petroleum or kerosene.
A. Stamping C. Tracing
B. Ironing D. Laundering
6. A decorative embroidery or shirring design to control fullness in garments by
gathering the fabric.
C. Calado C. Embroidery
D. Cross Stitch D. Smocking
7. It is a popular form of counted-thread embroidery in which X-shaped stitches in a
tiled, raster-like pattern are used to form a picture.
C. Calado C. Embroidery
D. Cross Stitch D. Smocking
8. Calado is most appropriately embroidered for ________.
C. baby’s clothing C. aprons
D. undergarments D. Barong Tagalog
9. The simplest method of transferring design is ________.
C. Ironing C. Stamping
D. Tracing D. Printing
10. The success of an embroidered article depends largely on the _____ of the
stitches:
C. Size C. Tension
D. Width D. Length
B. Matching Type
Column A Column B
_____1. This tool is used for trimming A. Fabric

scallops, clipping threads, or
cutting large eyelets B. Pencil
_____2. It is selected according to the C. Ironing

purpose and the design to be
used usually varies from very D. Scissors
soft to very coarse or heavy.
E. Embroider frame
_____3. It is the device used to keep the
fabric heavy stretched while F. Embroidery threads
_____4. This material can be bought

either in skeins, balls or spool.
_____5. It is commonly used for

placement of fine lines on
fabric. Many of them have an
eraser or brush and some are
water soluble so that the marks
can be removed from the fabric.
D. Identification
Directions: Identify the following embroidery stitches being describe. Write your
answer in your answer sheet
1. It is also called double running stitch that is often used to outline blackwork
embroidery.
2. It is a single detached stitch used primarily to fill in a design area. Also, a popular
stitch among embroiderers because it can be used to create the eyes on an
embroidered face or the center of the flower.
3. It is also called as the Continental Stitch. One of the most often used in basic
needlepoint stitches.
4. A chain stitch that is popularly used for making decorative borders. It derives its name
from its resemblance to a rose bud.
5. Stitch considered especially useful for outlining or giving more weight to a single stitch
line. Usually two working yarns are used.

LESSON 2
CROCHETING
OBJECTIVES
1. Define the technique of crocheting;

2. Discuss crochet terms and abbreviations;
3. Identify the basic stitches in crocheting; and
4. Perform all the basic stitches in crocheting showing proper use of tools and
materials.
5. Interpret crochet terms and abbreviations;
6. Perform all the basic stitches in crocheting; and
7. Demonstrate acquired knowledge through crafting crocheted articles with
project plan.
OVERVIEW
Crochet is versatile and popular technique for making a variety of fashion and
home decor accessories. Crochet stitches are made with loops and wrapping yarn
around the hook. Spending some of your time to produce crocheted articles is not a
waste especially when you come up with your finished product that can be used. All
effort and energy is worth it.
This lesson covers the crocheting as a needlecraft. The lessons are aimed at
developing the skill, knowledge and attitude of learners towards drafting project
plans, making crocheted articles with project plan and packaging of finished
crocheted article.

PRE-TEST
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Choose the letter that best describes the
statement. Write the answer in your quiz notebook.
1. It refers to the term that indicates the use of needles for constructing
product/articles.
a. Handicraft c. Needle craft
b. Crochet d. Embroidery
2. It serves as the foundation of all crochet work.

a. chain c. treble
b. double treble d. slip
3. It is defines as to the interloping of yarns with a hook to make a design.

a. smocking c. knitting
b. embroidery d. crochet
4. One of the primary tools used in crocheting that varies in color and ranging
from coarse to fine depending on the crochet articles to be made.
a. rope c. thread
b. needle d. yarn
5. A tool in crocheting that has a great effect to the finished product. Always
choose the correct size suited to the article to be produced.
a. needle c. brush
b. hook d. ball threads

B. MATCHING TYPE
Directions: Match Colum A (Description) with Column B (Basic Crochet Stitches).

Choose the letter that describes the statement. Write the answer in your quiz
booklet.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
A. Slip stitch
_____1. Used to form a chain into a ring
B. Chain stitch
to join around, or to join pieces
C. Treble crochet
invisibly.
D. Double crochet
_____2. More open and tall than the
E. Half double crochet
double crochet.
F. Double treble crochet
_____3. A crochet stitch which has one
yarn over than a half double
crochet.
_____4. A crochet stitch which is slightly
taller than the single
crochet.
_____5. Crochet stitch similar to the treble
C. IDENTIFICATION
crochet.
Directions: Write the meaning of the following abbreviations used in crocheting. Write
your answer in your quiz booklet.
1. beg
2. cl
3. yrh
4. st
5. rep
D. ESSAY
Directions: Answer briefly. (5 points)
1. What are the benefits of acquiring the skills in crocheting?

LEARNING OUTCOME 1:
UNDERSTAND CROCHETING AS A TECHNIQUE
OBJECTIVES
For the attainment of competencies, the learner is expected to perform the

following objectives:
1. Define the technique of crocheting;
2. Discuss crochet terms and abbreviations;
3. Identify the basic stitches in crocheting; and
4. Perform all the basic stitches in crocheting showing proper use of tools
and materials.
LESSON 2.1
CROCHET
Crochet is a kind of needlework consisting of the interlocking of looped

stitches formed with single thread and a hooked needle. It is a process of creating
fabric from yarn, thread, or other material strands. It has become one of the
preferred hobbies during leisure time dominantly by women, young and old, since
you could produce an item within a short period of time. But now, even men are
engaging to perform such skills.
The word is derived from the French word "croche", meaning hook which has
been used in the intricate process of lacemaking. Crochet differs from knitting in a
way that only one stitch is active at one time, and a single crochet hook is used
instead of two knitting needles.
No one really knows the origin of crochet. However, it is widely known that the
fine crochet was worked on by nuns in the 16th century in Europe, Ireland. What do
you think is the first crocheted product ever produced? Right! It is the laced mats

pioneered by the Irish and universally known as Irish crochet. At that time, nuns
taught it to their pupils and the proceeds derived from the sales of crocheted articles
helped alleviate poverty of the Irish people. Crochet articles give a lacy effect. They
are also durable and the designs can be easily created by combining a variety of
yarn with different colors and crochet stitches. At present, there are several
crocheted articles available in the market such as shawls, blouses, and sweaters.
Other interesting products are table runners, doilies and curtains, bags and
decorative edgings for handkerchiefs.
TOOLS AND MATERIALS
Before performing crochet, it is necessary to check all the materials and tools
to to save time and energy. Do not forget that without them, you cannot produce a
crocheted article and it will not also be beneficial if the user doesn’t know how to use
it properly.
1. Crochet hooks – are made either by wood, bone, plastic, steel and
aluminum.
TYPES OF CROCHET HOOKS:
A. Steel crochet hooks are used for cotton

threads and are about five (5) inches long
with sizes from 00 as the largest and 14 as
the smallest.
B. Bone hooks are very rare now and being

replaced by plastic and aluminum hooks and
are used for heavier types of crocheting like
pot holders, sweater and shawls. They are
available at six inches long.

C. Afghan hooks have the same length as knitting
pins but have hooks at one end. They are made
up of plastic or aluminum, 9 to 10 inches long.
These are used for Afghan stitch only.
D. Extra large hooks made up of steel or plastic are used especially in rug
making and jiffy crochet.
It is very important to use the correct size of hook every time you crochet. The
size of hook can greatly influence the appearance of the finished product in the same
manner as can the weight and type of yarn used.
2. Crochet thread or yarn – comes in variety of natural or man-made fibers.

Each has its own characteristics and they differ from one another in tactile,
tenacity, and weight.
Kinds:
A. Cotton thread has a very smooth, silky finish and
usually used for crocheting. Sometimes it has matte
appearance like some bedspread cottons.
B. Linen thread – ideal for summer blouse.
C. Wool yarn – is suitable for blankets, baby

garments, sweater and other fashion items.

LEARNING OUTCOME 2:
MAKE CROCHETED ARTICLES
OBJECTIVES:
To realize the learning outcome being set, you are expected to perform the
following:
1. Interpret crochet terms and abbreviations;

2. Perform all the basic stitches in crocheting; and
3. Demonstrate acquired knowledge through crafting crocheted articles with
project plan.
LESSON 2.2
CROCHET TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Instructions in a crochet project are usually given using abbreviations, which

you need to be able to read or interpret. The following abbreviations and their
meanings are divided into the type of stitches and crochet instructions.
beg beginning tog together

c/ch chain patt pattern
cl cluster yrh yarn round hook
dc double crochet sk skip
dtr double treble crochet inc increase
H tr half treble dec decrease
hdc half double crochet rnd round
lp loop bl block
p picot sp space
pc st popcorn stitch rep repeat
sc single crochet no number
sdc short double crochet cont continue
sl st slip stitch foll following
st stitch rs right side
sts stitches alt alternate
tr treble crochet gr group
tr tr triple treble Rem remaining
yo yarn over ws wrong side

 Multiple of Stitches:A pattern often requires an exact number of stitches, to be
made properly.When the directions say, for example, “multiple of 6 sts,” it
means the number of stitches must be divisible by 6, 12, 18, 24, etc. Multiple
of 6 sts plus 3” would be 15, 21, 27, etc.
 Work Even: This means to continue working without increasing or decreasing.
 Repeat From *: This means that all instructions following the * are to be
repeated as many times as specified in the directions.
 Parentheses (): This is used in two ways : To enclose directions for larger
sizes as listed at the start of each set of directions, and to indicate that the
instructions which they enclose are to be repeated immediately after. For
example, (tr, ch1) means that you should make a treble, chain 1, treble, ch1.
o Reference: Effective THE IV, Viernes, Cruz, et.al.,1998.
HOLDING THE HOOK AND YARN CORRECTLY

Crochet is basically an interlocking of loops. Loops of uniform tensions are
produced when hook is held correctly in one hand while the thread is kept in tension
in the other hand.
Notice that you may hold the hook in either two ways: (1) as if it is a knife or
(2) as if it were a pencil. You may use whichever method is comfortable for you. It is
also important to remember that hook shall be facing down, with your thumb and
index finger on the flat part of the hook. Your middle finger should be resting against
your thumb.
(1) (2)
In holding the yarn, keep in mind that the yarn should be kept in tension over
the index finger so it is easily manipulated. In this way too, an even tension around
the hook can be produced.

STEPS IN MAKING THE BASIC STITCHES
A. How to Make a Loop.
1. Grasp thread near end between thumb and

forefinger of left hand.
2. With the use of the right hand, make a loop by
lapping long thread over short thread.
3. Hold loop in place between thumb and
forefinger of the left hand. (Fig.1)
4. Hold the hook like a pencil.

5. Insert the hook through the loop, with the right
hand catching the long end of the thread, pull
it. (Fig.2)
6. Do not remove hook from thread.

7. Pull short end ball thread in opposite directions
to bring loop close around the end of the hook.
(Fig.3)

For LEFT-HANDED USERS
1. At about 4 inches, draw the ball thread from
loop.
2. Insert thread between the ring and little
fingers with the palm facing up.(Fig,4)
Figure 4
3. Bring thread towards back, under little and

ring fingers, over the middle finger, and
under the forefinger toward the thumb.
(Fig.5) Figure 5
4. Grasp hook and loop between thumb and

forefinger of left hand.
5. Gently pull pall thread so that it lies around
the fingers firmly but not tightly (Fig.6)
6. Catch knot of loop between thumb and Figure 6
forefinger.
WHAT TO DO WITH THE RIGHT HAND

1. Take hold of broad bar of hook as you would a
pencil.
2. Bring middle finger forward to rest near tip of
hook (Fig.7)

BASIC STITCHES IN CROCHETING
A. CHAIN STITCH
The chain stitch is considered as the foundation or the base of the
most crochet stitches and patterns. Therefore, chain stitch should be the first
to master. Here are the steps to be followed in making the chain stitch:
1. Start the chain by making a slip knot about 12

cm from the end of the yarn. Insert the hook
into the knot. (figure 1)
Figure 1
2. Draw in the loop close to the hook by

pulling both ends of the yarn. Check
though that the loop is not pulled tight
Figure 2 around the hook. (figure 2)
3. Wind the yarn (from the ball or spool end)

around the little finger of your left hand, under
your fourth and third fingers, then over the top
of your index finger. Make sure you leave
about 5 cm of yarn between your finger and
Figure 3
hook. (figure 3)
4. Hold the slip knot between the thumb and

middle finger of your left hand. Then
keeping the yarn taut over your index
finger, push the hook forward while twisting
it so the yarn passes over it form back to
Figure 4
front and is caught in the slot.(figure 4)

5. Pull the yarn through the loop to form a new
loop on the hook. Make sure the newly
formed loop is loose enough for the next
chain to be drawn through it easily.
Figure 5
6. Holding the chain nearest to the hook

with your thumb and middle finger,
repeat steps 4 and 5 up to the desired
number of chain stitches. Remember
that the loop on the hook is not
counted as part of the total number of
Figure 6 loops. Check also that all chains are of
the same size.
1. SLIP STITCH (pattern abbreviation: slst) or SINGLE CROCHET (sc)
It is used to form a chain into a ring to join around, or to join pieces

invisibly. It is also used to work across stitches for shaping or strengthening
edges. It does not add height to the work.
Slip Stitch worked on chain stitch:
1. Count to the 2nd chain from the hook.

Insert the hook, front to back, under the 2
top loops of the foundation chain.
2. Yarn over the hook and draw two loops

through to complete the stitch.

3. You now have 2 loops on your hook.
Yarn over again and pull through both
loops on your hook. You now have 1
loop left on your hook and have just
made your first single crochet!
A slip stitch joining length of stitches forming a foundation or a

circular crochet:
1. To use a slip stitch to join a ring,

insert your hook under the 2 top
loops of the first foundation chain
and then yarn over.
2. Pull the hook through the chain and

the loop on the hook. One loop
remains on the hook. You have
now completed a slip stitch and
made a ring!
2. HALF DOUBLE CROCHET (pattern abbreviation: hdc)
The half double crochet is distinguished by a pronounced ridge in its

texture. It is slightly taller than the single crochet and is used to create a firm,
attractive fabric. This stitch is the first of the basic stitches that requires a yarn
over before you insert the hook. Again, be sure the front side of the foundation
chain is facing you.
1. Yarn over and insert the hook, front to

back, under the 2 top loops of the 3rd
chain from the hook. Yarn over and pull
the yarn through to draw up a loop.
2. There are now 3 loops on your hook.

Yarn over and pull through all 3
loops to complete the stitch.
Make one half double crochet stitch
in each chain across the row. After
the last stitch, chain 2 and turn. Yarn
over and insert the hook in the first
stitch to start the next row. You just
made your first half double crochet!

3. DOUBLE CROCHET(pattern abbreviation: dc)
The double crochet is the basis for many pattern stitches in crochet. As
with a half double crochet stitch, you start with a yarn over before you insert
the hook. Because a double crochet has one more yarn over than a half
double crochet, it’s taller and creates a somewhat open fabric. Because it’s
taller, this time you’ll work your first stitch into the 4th chain from the hook.
1. Yarn over and insert the hook, front

to back, under the top 2 loops of the
4th chain from the hook.
2. Pull through the loop. You now have

3 loops on your hook. Yarn over
again.
3. Pull through the 2 loops closest to the

hook’s point as shown. Two loops
remain on the hook.
4. You now have a single loop

remaining on the hook.
Make one double crochet in each
chain across the row. After the last
chain, chain 3 and turn; yarn over and
start the next row. You just made your
first double crochet!

4. TREBLE CROCHET(pattern abbreviation: trc)
The treble crochet is more open than the double crochet. It is a tall
stitch that is used less frequently than the double crochet. Working this stitch
is similar to working double crochet; you just need to work one more yarn
over. As the tallest stitch, you’ll now work into the 5th chain from the hook.
1. Yarn over and insert the hook, front to

back, under the top 2 loops of the 5th
chain from the hook. Pull through the
loop. You now have 4 loops on the
hook.
2. Yarn over and pull through the first

2 loops closest to the point of the
hook (A). Then, yarn over again
and pull through the next 2 loops
closest to the point of the hook (B).
3. Two loops remain on the hook. Yarn

over one last time and pull through
both loops.
4. One loop remains on your hook.

Make one treble crochet in each
chain across the row, chain 4 and
turn; yarn over twice then insert the
hook in the second stitch to start the
next row. You just made your first
treble crochet!

5. DOUBLE TREBLE CROCHET (pattern abbreviation: dbletr)
The double treble crochet is basically the same as the treble crochet
but taller because of the addition of another yarn at the beginning.
1. Yarn over three times then

insert the hook in the sixth stitch
chain from the hook. Catch the
yarn, then draw a loop through
the chain. There will now be five
loops on the hook.
2. Yarn over, draw through two

loops. Repeat this ste three
more times to complete the
stitch
3. Make one double treble crochet

in each chain across the row,
chain 5 and turn; yarn over
three times, then insert the
hook in the second stitch to
start the new row. You just
made your first double treble
crochet!

The following are some tips that would guide you as you go along with your
project:
1. Remember that it's all in the wrists. As you work, your arms should stay
comfortably at your sides allowing your wrists to do most of the actions.
2. Stay relaxed. If you make a mistake, simply start over.
3. Choose light yarn rather than dark; it can be challenging to see your stitches
when you work with yarns in dark colors.
4. The tighter you hold the yarn and hook, the harder it will be to work. It might
be awkward at first, but soon it will become second nature to you—with a little
practice.

Name: Date:
Directions: Cut out from old magazines or search for at least 3 pictures of crocheted
articles/products or take pictures of crocheted articles you have at home and paste it
in this activity sheet. Evaluate each picture through giving constructive comments
considering the principles of design and the overall appearance.

PROJECT PLANNING
Name: Date:
C. Direction: Think of a possible crocheted project or article. You may surf the
internet to browse the current trends and fashions today. Plan it using the
Name: Date Begun:


1.
2.
3.

Cost

1.
2.
3.
VI. Work Procedures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.
2.
3.
VIII. Evaluation
IX. Remarks
_________________________
(Name of Student)

LET’S DO THIS!
PRODUCE CROCHETED ARTICLES WITH PACKAGE

1. Execute the suggested articles with project plan. Use or modify the basic
stitches and use materials that will add to the aesthetic quality of your article.
CROCHETED ARTICLE # 1: WRIST BAND/BRACELET

Procedure:
a. Make 12 chain stitches or you may d. Chain 2 and single crochet in three
get the measurement of your wrist stitches. Chain 8. Single crochet in four
to come up with exact length. stitches. Chain 8 and single crochet in
three stitches to make the loop button
b. Insert the hook on the third chain, fasteners for the crochet bracelet. Knot
grab the yarn strand and pull it and cut the yarn.
through the chain. Grab another
strand and pull it through the two e. Sew the button on the top end of the
loops on the hook to make a single opposite edge of the bracelet from the
crochet stitch. Repeat and single button fasteners. Fasten the bracelet on
crochet in each chain stitch. your arm with the buttons and loop
fasteners.
c. Chain 2 and single crochet in the
top of each previous single crochet
stitch. Repeat this row until the Source:http://www.ehow.com/how_8741893_
piece of work fits around your crochet-bracelets.html#ixzz2ggh6m7NP
wrist.

CROCHETED ARTICLE # 2:
CROCHETED HAT
1. Do the measurement. Measure the 3. Do 2 single crochets in each

circumference of your recipient’s head stitch around
if not you. 4. Start adding width to your
beanie
2. Crochet in the round - On the next row, do 1 single
- Chain 4 crochet in the first stitch.
- Make a slip stitch in the first chain Continue until you achieved
to form a ring. After you’ve chained the width you want.
4, insert your hook in the first chain. 5. Do 1 single crochet in each
Put another loop of yarn over the stitch.
hook, then pull that loop through - Repeat this step for as many
the first two loops. rows as you’d like. Do fewer
- Make 8 single crochet stitches rows if you’d only like the hat
through the center of the ring. Insert to reach the top of your ears
your hook into the center of the or your recipient.
joined chains. Once your hook is 6. Tie off. When you’ve done the
through the ring, place the yarn last stitch, yarn over and pull one
over the hook and pull through the more loop through. Trim off the
first loop yarn
Source: http://www.wikihow.com/Crochet-a-Hat
2. Make your own crochet product. This will be your crocheted article # 3. Be sure to
accompany it with project plan and submit to the deadline set by your teacher. Give
the best that you can as you craft your own style and design. Evaluate your products
using the rubric provided in the succeeding page. Happy working!

Using the rubrics below, let us determine the quality of

your performance through the crocheted articles you were able
to finish.
RUBRIC for PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR NEEDLECRAFT

CRITERIA PERFORMANCE INDICATOR
10-9 points 8-7 points 6-5 points 4-0 points

1. Preparation
All materials Only 80% of the Only 60% of the Only 40% of the
of Materials
were well materials were materials were materials were
prepared. well prepared. well prepared. well prepared.
Uniform and Uniform and
2. Uniformity Uniform and even Uniform and even
even weave even weave
of Weave weave except for weave except for
throughout the except for the
the 20% portion. the 60% portion.
design. 80% portion.
3. Neatness of Observed 3
Observed 1 Observed 2
Knots and Knots and ends instance where
instance where instance where
Ends were not either knots or
either knots or either knots or
visible. ends were
ends were visible. ends were visible.
visible.
Only 80% of the Only 60% of the Only 40% of the
4.
Measurements finished product is finished product finished product
Measurements
were accurate. accurately is accurately is accurately
measured. measured. measured.
Design was artistic
Design was not
5. Creativity/ Design was but there was a Design was
artistically
Design artistic and trace of innovation artistic but it is not
crafted and not
original. of design available original.
original.
in the market.
5 points 4 points 3 points 2-0 points
Observe safety Observed safety Observed safety Observed safety
6. Safety precaution at precautions but precautions but precautions but
all times when was noted to fail was noted to fail was noted to fail
working. once. twice. thrice.
7. Time 5 points 4 points 3 points 2-0 points
Management Finished the There is a 1 day There is a 2 day There is a 3 day

output within delay in the delay in the delay in the
the allotted submission of submission of submission of
time. project project project.

MY JOURNAL
Name: Date:
Directions: Narrate your experience in making crocheted articles. Cite the challenges
or difficulties you encountered and how did you manage them. As you finish your
story, give emphasis to the lessons learned. Use separate sheet of paper if
necessary.

LESSON 1
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Choose the letter that best describes the
statement. Write the answer in your quiz notebook.
1. It refers to the term that indicates the use of needles for constructing
product/articles.
c. Handicraft c. Needle craft
d. Crochet d. Embroidery
2. It serves as the foundation of all crochet work.
c. chain c. treble
d. double treble d. slip
3. It is defines as to the interloping of yarns with a hook to make a design.

c. smocking c. knitting
d. embroidery d. crochet
4. One of the primary tools used in crocheting that varies in color and ranging
from coarse to fine depending on the crochet articles to be made.
c. rope c. thread
d. needle d. yarn
5. A tool in crocheting that has a great effect to the finished product. Always
choose the correct size suited to the article to be produced.
c. needle c. brush
d. hook d. ball threads

B. MATCHING TYPE
Directions: Match Colum A (Description) with Column B (Basic Crochet Stitches).

Choose the letter that describes the statement. Write the answer in your quiz
booklet.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____1. Used to form a chain into a ring to A. Slip stitch
join around, or to join pieces B. Chain stitch
invisibly. C. Treble crochet
_____2. More open and tall than the double D. Double crochet
crochet. E. Half double crochet
_____3. A crochet stitch which has one yarn F. Double treble crochet
over than a half double crochet.

_____4. A crochet stitch which is slightly
taller than the single crochet.
_____5. Crochet stitch similar to the treble
crochet.
C. IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Write the meaning of the following abbreviations used in crocheting. Write
your answer in your quiz booklet.
1. beg
2. cl
3. yrh
4. st
5. rep
D. ESSAY
Directions: Answer briefly. (5 points)
1. What are the benefits of acquiring the skills in crocheting?

LESSON 3
KNITTING
OBJECTIVE
1. Discuss briefly the overview of knitting;
2. Demonstrate proper use of knitted tools and materials; and
3. Prepare project plan for the expected knitted articles.
4. Perform the basic stitches in knitting;
5. Demonstrate acquired knowledge through crafting knitted articles with
presentable package;
6. Select appropriate quality packaging materials for knitted articles;
7. Apply art principles in knitting and packaging; and
8. Evaluate the quality/characteristics of knitted articles and packaging
presentation.
OVERVIEW
Knitting has long been the favorite technique for sweater making because of
the detailing and color patterning the stitches produce. The two basic stitches-knit
and purl-can be worked alone or together and form the basis of dozens of designs as
well as other stitches. Knitting requires two needles and a continuous strand of yarn.
With patience and determination, you can acquire the basic skills from this module
and come up with your own knitted article.

knitted articles with packaging accompanied by a project plan.
PRE-TEST
I. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the statement carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your
answer in your answer sheet.
1. The process of using two or more needles loop in yarn into a series of
interconnected loops to create finish garment.
A. Sewing C. Knitting
B. Crafting D. Smocking
2. The yarn which is held over the left forefinger and regulated by other fingers is a
customary in _______.
A. European and Eastern countries C. English speaking countries
B. China D. Vietnam
3. This needle is ideal for beginners. They are very smooth and you will be able to
knit more quickly.
A. Metal knitting needle C. Bamboo knitting needle
B. Plastic knitting needle D. Glass knitting needle
4. These needles are usually available in 10 inch and 14 inch lengths with a pointed
end.
A. Straight knitting needle C. Circular knitting needle
B. Double pointed knitting needle D. Knitting needle
5. The following are the basic steps in knitting EXCEPT ____________.

A. Casting down C. Casting off
B. Casting on D. Purl stitch
II. Identification
Directions: Give the abbreviation or symbol of the following terms:
_______1. knit _______6 stitch

_______2. slip _______7. inches
_______3. together _______8. asterisk
_______4. increase _______9. alternate
_______5. between _______10. yarn over

III. Matching Type

Column A Column B
____1. These needles are very

smooth. They are also lighter A. Wood knitting needle
and more flexible than
metals. If you are beginner in
knitting, this is suited you B. Resin knitting needle
most.
____2. These knitting needles are C. Glass knitting needle

very popular. They are
initially cold but will warm up
from the heat given off by D. Metal knitting needle
your hand
____3. These needles are stronger E. Plastic knitting needle

and durable than any other
material. However, they are
cold to touch.
____4. These needles are hollow.

They weigh less than any
other materials.
____5. It is heavier than any other

materials. They are also very
smooth and slippery

LEARNING OUTCOME 1:
UNDERSTAND KNITTING AS A NEEDLECRAFT
OBJECTIVES
For the attainment of such competencies, you are expected to perform the
1. Discuss briefly the overview of knitting;

2. Demonstrate proper use of knitted tools and materials; and
3. Prepare project plan for the expected knitted articles.
LESSON 3.1
KNITTING: BRIEF BACKGROUND
Knitting is the process of using two or more needles to loop yarn into a series
of interconnected loops in order to create a finished garment or to create a cloth.
The origin of knitting is known to have been lost in the mists of ancient times.
It was believed that the first knitters were probably a nomadic race living in the
Palaces of North Africa. Some of the items that they knitted were the tent flaps of
decorative patterns believing that the symbols knitted on flaps were used to frighten
away evil spirits.

Aside from the fact that knitting is a very adaptable craft, it could also be a
good source of income. Ifugao women who shift from farming into knitting of stylish
hats and scarves is one of the exemplary shared experience. It was through
Meredith Ramirez Tulusan, co-founder of the Ricefield Collective, who realized that
the Ifugao people cannot survive with rice alone, as they used to in the last few
decades. They increasingly need other source of income and to do so, many are
moving away abandoning terraces.
These realizations inspire the creation of Ricefield Collective, a US-based

online knitwear, selling stylish products to an international clientele which was also
founded by Englishwoman, Anna Maltz and a Filipina from Ifugao Jean Mundiguing.
All knitters of the said company are Ifugao women.
Indeed, from the very beginning up to this age, knitting is continuously

flourishing. The traditional stitches and color patterns highly express the culture that
we have, the value of perseverance and hard work, and the individual creativity and
brilliant ideas of Filipinos.
TWO METHODS OF KNITTING
CONTINENTAL METHOD
It is a customary knitting in many European and eastern countries. The yarn is

held over the left forefinger and regulated by the other fingers. The right-hand needle
digs into the stitch on the left-handle needle and hooks the yarn through it to make a
new stitch. The stitch through which it has hooked has now attained its mission in life
and becomes part of the fabric.
There are several popular ways to position the yarn. Tension is controlled
partly with the index finger, extending it to tighten yarn after the needle passes
underneath. Many experts feel that greater speed can be attained with this method
and key is flexible wrist movement.
ENGLISH METHOD

Prevails in English speaking countries. The yarn is held in the right hand over
the forefinger and under others which regulate the tension. Some knitters wind the
yarn around the various fingers, starting by one or more winds around the little
finger. The knitter then digs the right hand needle-point into the first stitch on the left-
hand needle and hooks the new stitch through.
When reduce to its essential, can be by far the fastest in the annals of hand-
knitting. The right hand needle then has its right end firmly secured in your forearm
or under your armpit. The left end is held by thumb and forefinger of the left hand.
The free right hand can feed the yarn and hook through the stitches at surprising
speed.
TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS
It is important for you to be aware of the terms and abbreviations since most
of the patterns with instructions or procedures in crafting knitted articles consists
abbreviations. Below are the common terms and abbreviations which you may
encounter while making your knitted articles.
k knit sl slip
p purl Inc increase
yo yarn over Dec decrease
rnd round Incl inclusive
st stitch sk skip
tog together slip a st slip a stitch from one
beg beginning needle to the other with
Psso pass slip stitch working it
over knit stitch alt alternate
Dp Double pointed bet between
needle
“ inch (es)
* (asterisk) – it means that you have to repeat everything after

asterisk as many times as specified in instructions. One or more
asterisks (*) in the instructions indicates that the instructions
following the symbol will be repeated a specified number of
times
() parenthesis in instructions indicates that the instructions within

the parenthesis are to be repeated a number of times

KNITTING TOOLS
One of the key factors to enjoy and have a smooth sailing knitting activity is to
have good quality of knitting tools. Aside from this, it has a great effect to the end
product of any knitting articles. Below is a list knitting tools that every knitter should
have. It is advised that knitters should have their knitting bags to keep all the knitting
tools and materials together.
A. Yarns
It is a long continuous length of interlocked fibers, suitable for use in
the production of textiles; sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery and
rope making. There are various types of yarn differing in twist, size and texture
you can choose from depending on the design you want for your knitted articles.
B. Knitting Needles
Knitting Needles are the most important tool in knitting. They come in a
variety of styles and materials. Some of the most common knitting needles
include plastic, metal, and wood. Each type has various advantages and
disadvantages. Knitting needles styles include: straight, circular, and double-
pointed.
1. Straight needles have a pointed end. When working with a pair of
straight needles, the work is done with flat and in rows. Work across all
the stitches on one needle, then turn work to other side and work
across all stitches on other needle. Straight knitting needles are usually
available in 10 inch and 14 inch lengths. These are the knitting needles
that usually come to mind when thinking about knitting. The smaller the
number, the finer the needle.
2. Circular knitting needles are needles that are connected together

with a cord. The cord is usually plastic but may be created out of other
materials. The needles at each end of the cord are typically shorter
than straight knitting needles. Circular knitting needles are available in
16, 24, and 36 inch lengths. They are often used to knit in the round.
But also make knitting flat pieces easier by allowing the fabric to be
held on the cable and thus reducing the amount of weight being held
on each knitting needle.

3. Double-pointed knitting needles are knitting needles with points at
both ends. Usually, it comes in sets of four and are used for doilies,
gloves, mittens, round necklines, socks etc. or whenever a seam is not
used.
Aside from this, knitting needles also varies from the types of materials it
was made of.
4. Plastic knitting needle. These needles are ideal for beginners and
are the least expensive. Plastic knitting needles are lighter and more
flexible than metal designs. They are also very smooth, so you will
likely be able to knit more quickly.
5. Metal knitting needle. Metal Needle is stronger and more durable

than other materials. However, metal knitting needles are cold to the
touch. They also make clicking sounds while you knit. The
advantage of these needles is that they're extremely smooth, so
experience knitters can knit quickly using them.
6. Wood knitting needle. Wooden knitting needles are very popular.

They are initially cold, but will warm up from the heat given off by
your hands. They are also smooth, but not too smooth. The main
disadvantage of wooden knitting needles is that they can break
easily. They are also one of the most expensive options.
7. Bamboo knitting needle. There are also knitting needles that are
made of bamboo. These needles are imported from Japan and are
lightweight and strong. Bamboo designs are also less slippery than
other designs so your stitches will stay in place better. Bamboo
knitting needles are also more flexible than metal designs, but less
flexible than plastic designs.
8. Resin knitting needle. Some knitting needles are made from resin.
These needles are hollow, so they weigh less than many other
materials. However, they are also strong, so they won't break easily.
Knitting needles that are made from resin are inexpensive and look
like plastic needles.
9. Glass knitting needle. One of the final materials used to make

knitting needles is glass. Glass is heavier than other materials. They
are also very smooth and slippery so you may have trouble keeping

stitches in place. Glass knitting needles will also warm up as you use
them.
These are some of the different types of materials used to make knitting
needles. Plastic needles are inexpensive and are very light and smooth. Bamboo
knitting needles are also lightweight and strong, but offer less flexibility than
plastic designs. Glass is one of the heaviest materials and is also slippery so you
may have trouble keeping stitches in place.
Having this information, you can now choose the best knitting needle you
are most comfortable with!
Yarn and knitting needles are by far the most important tools of a knitter, but
you need a couple of these so that knitting project will be successful.
C. Stitch Holders
This is used by knitters to hold open stitches when not being used by
the needles. They can be used when finishing a side of an item, such as a
sweater, and preparing for the kitchener stitch. They can be used on stitches
separated from the needle when splitting the piece. For example, when shaping
the neckhole of a sweater, the stitch holder is placed on the group of stitches
used to make the neckhole, and the needles are used to continue to make the
stitches on either side. Stitch holders are also used at the ends of sleeves of a
sweater before they are attached to the body of the sweater. A large safety pin or
extra knitting needle can be used in place of a holder.
D. Stitch Markers
Stitch markers are used to help keep track of the number of stitches in a row
or to indicate where a stitch pattern starts or ends. There are
also locking/unlocking stitch markers and split markers that can be used to mark
a stitch on a row. They can be removed later when the knitting project is
complete.
E. Scissors

In order to cut the excess yarn from your project, you need a pair of scissors.
Either way, leave these scissors where you normally do your knitting or in your
knitting bag, because you never know when you might need them.
F. Yarn Bobbins
They are made of plastic and come in several shapes and sizes. They hold
small amounts of colored yarns.
G. Sewing Needles
Sewing needles are helpful for weaving in the ends of your knitting project
and for sewing together pieces of a garment, such as putting the arms on a
sweater. You can find needles suitable for working with yarn in plastic and metal.
Either is fine, though plastic is preferred if you're knitting with children or the
accident-prone. Make sure you buy needles with large eyes so the yarn can
easily pass through them. A needle threader might also be a handy addition to
your knitting tool collection.
H. Crochet Hooks
Why do knitters need crochet hooks? Sometimes a crocheted border on a
knitted garment is a very nice touch, but crochet hooks can come in handy even
for those who don't know a single crochet from a French knot. If the ends of your
yarn are too short to be woven in with a sewing needle, a crochet hook is an
invaluable tool. The size of the hook you buy doesn't matter that much, but it
should be large enough to be compatible with a range of yarn thicknesses.
Armed with these simple tools you can easily complete your first knitted project.
I. Cable Needles
Cable needles are a special kind of knitting needle used specifically to hold
stitches in the front of or behind your knitting so that the stitches can be picked up
and knitted after knitting other stitches first. This is what allows the stitches to
cross each other and create cable stitches. There are several different shapes of
cable needles. There are curved cable knitting needles and straight cable knitting
needles.
J. Knit Gauge
One of the best things you can do help with the success of your knitting
projects, is to knit a gauge swatch. Gauge is very important in getting knitted
items the right size.

Review of the Lesson 3.2
KNITTED ARTICLES/PRODUCTS ADVERTISEMENT
Name: Date:
Direction: Think of a knitted product you want to create. Suppose you now have your
finished knitted article/product. Promote it to your classmates by writing/illustrating
an attractive and encouraging advertisement. Be creative.

LEARNING OUTCOME 2:
PRODUCE KNITTED ARTICLES
OBJECTIVES
For the attainment of the learning outcome, you are expected to perform the
following objectives:
1. Perform the basic stitches in knitting;

2. Demonstrate acquired knowledge through crafting knitted articles with
presentable package;
3. Select appropriate quality packaging materials for knitted articles;
4. Apply art principles in knitting and packaging; and
5. Evaluate the quality/characteristics of knitted articles and packaging
presentation.
LESSON 3.2
BASIC STEPS IN KNITTING
A. SLIP KNOT
The slip knot for knitting is the same as the slip knot for crocheting.
1. Leave about 4” tail and flip the tail over the

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S
yarn coming off ofMATERIAL FOR GRADE 9
the yarn ball. 118
2. Flip the tail under the loop that was
created so that it is going down the
center of the loop from behind.
3. Pull the tail slightly through the

loop.
4. Place one if your needles into the new

top loop created (the smaller of the two
loops).
5. Pull the loop tightly around the needle

and this is your slip knot, ready to cast
on the first row.
B. CASTING ON
1. Holding the needle with your slip knot on

in 9
HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S 119
it in your left hand,MATERIAL
push the FOR GRADE
needle
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood
yourEducation
right hand through the slip knot and
behind the other needle.
2. Wrap the yarn coming from the yarn ball
around the right hand needle and
between the needles.
3. Push the right hand needle against the

left hand needle and pull the yarn you
just wraped around through the slip knot
loop.
4. Now you should have the slip knot loop

still in the left hand, and another loop
around the right hand needle (so one
loop on each needle).
5. Push both loops to the top of the needle.

6. Transfer the loop that’s on the right hand
needle to the left hand needle.
7. Now you should have the slip knot loop

still in the left hand, and another loop
around the right hand needle (so one
loop on each needle).
8. For the next loop, wrap the yarn around

the right hand needle again.
9. Pull the yarn through the first loop on the

left hand needle again so that you have
one loop on the right hand needle.
10. Transfer the right hand loop to the left

needle so you now have three loops on
the left hand needle.

11. Continue doing this until you have
casted on as many stitches across as
you would like.
C. KNIT STITCH
1. Place your right needle behind the left

needle.
2. Wrap the yarn counter clockwise around

the right needle, and behind the left
needle.
3. Pull the yarn through the loop so it is on

the right needle (like step number 2).
4. Push the first stitch on the left needle off of the

needle completely.

5. Now you’ll have less stitches on the left
needle, and one on the right.
6. Continue this same method down the row.
7. Once all of the stitches are off of the left

needle and on the right needle, that row is
done.
8. For the next row, move what was your right

needle to your left hand now, and your left
needle to your right hand (flip them). The
needle with the stitches on it will always start
off in your left hand.
9. Continue stitching the next row as you did the

first.

10. When you have the next row done, you will
begin to see the pattern forming.
C. PURL STITCH
1. The main difference between a purl stitch and a

knit stitch is that the right needle is put in front of
the left needle instead of behind. So to start,
hook the right needle into the first loop on the
left needle, but in front of the left needle this
time.
2. Wrap the yarn around the right needle counter

clockwise (like in step number 1), but this time in
front of the back needle and around the front
one. Just remember that you will always be
wrapping the yarn counter clockwise around the
needle in your right hand.
3. Pull the yarn through the first loop in the left

needle, creating a new loop on the right needle.
4. Continue this same technique down the row.

5. When all of the stitches are off of the left
needle, that row is done.
6. Continue stitching, rotating between the knit

and purl stitch as you’d like so you can see the
patterns it will form.
E. CASTING OFF
1. To start casting off, stitch two knit stitches (or

you can also stitch two purl stitches if that
works better for your pattern – either one).
2. Now you should have two loops on the right

needle.
3. Take your left needle and push it through the

second loop on your right needle (the first
loop you made).

4. Pull the loop up and over the first loop and off
of the right needle.
5. Now you will have one loop on the right

needle.
6. Knit another stitch so you have two on

the right needle again.
7. Pull the loop up and over the first loop

and off of the right needle again (like in
step number 6).
8. Continue repeating this down the row.

9. Now you should have all of the stitches
off of both needles, except for one left
on the right needle.
10. Pull the loop off the needle and cut the yarn,
leaving several inches to work with.
11. Push the excess yarn through the last loop.
12. Pull it tight to tie off the end of the row.
13. That is a small knitted block! Now you

should know how to do all the basics of
knitting to get going on some fun projects!

PROJECT PLAN FOR KNITTED ARTICLES
Basically, as discussed on the concept review of this module, planning plays

an important role to achieve your desire goal. In this lesson, you will still need to
prepare a project plan particularly before doing your knitted products or articles. This
way, you will be trained how to use project plan properly. To freshen up the
discussion on project planning, refer to page 28 of the Lesson 1.
Since you are a beginner in knitting, remember the following tips below. It will
guide you in making your projects easier to handle.
1. Choosing a very simple first pattern is key to learning the basics.

2. Always follow the instructions and buy enough yarn for your project.
3. Choose a light color yarn because it is easier to see the stitches.
4. Yarns that have some stretch to them are easier to work with, like a wool or
acrylic yarn.
5. Light-weight yarns are more difficult to see and hold, especially for beginners.
6. Be sure to avoid novelty yarns that have fancy textures. These yarns are
more difficult to use, since they are easy to split.

A. Review of Lesson 3.2
PROJECT PLANNING FOR KNITTED ARTIICLES
Name: Date:
A. Directions: Think of a possible knitted project or article. You may surf the
Name: Date Begun:


1.
2.
3.

Cost

1.
2.
3.
VI. Work Procedures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VIII. Evaluation
IX. Remarks
_________________________
(Name of Student)

Name: Date:
Directions: Cut the following shapes then paste it on a short bond paper forming a
human structure. Each shape has corresponding question and you have to write
your answer inside the shape. Do it creatively.
1. Heart shape: What attitude should you posses to craft knitted projects
successfully? Give at least one. Explain briefly.
2. Rectangle shapes: What is the importance or advantage of acquiring skills
on knitting? Give at least 4 (one per rectangle)
3. Circle shape: How would you encourage others to appreciate knitting
products?

LET’S DO THIS!
1. Make a compilation/album of basic stitches in knitting.

2. Prepare a project plan for the following articles. You are free to choose from
any color of yarn. You may refer to this procedure but you could also make
some modifications. Be creative in doing your knitted articles.
KNITTED ARTICLE # 1: KNITTED BELT
Use needle size or two from what the yarn label recommends.
1. Cast on 12 stitches.
2. Row 1: slip the first stitch knit wise, p1, (k1, p1) across
3. Repeat row 1 to desired length.
4. Bind off in k1, p1 pattern.
Source: http://www.favecrafts.com/Beginner-Knitting/Cute-and-Simple-Knitted
Belt/ct/1#POdKjSwcVRO4ETvR.99
KNITTED ARTICLE # 2: KNITTED SCARF

Materials:
1. Yarn of choice
2. Hook
Procedure:
1. Cast on 39 sts.
2. 1st row: (RS). Knit.
3. 2nd row: P1. *K1. P1. Rep from * to end.
4. Rep these 2 rows until work from beg measures 49" [124.5 cm].Fasten off.
5. Cut 8" [20.5 cm] lengths of yarn. Taking 3 strands tog, knot into fringe across
ends of scarf.
Source: http://www.favecrafts.com/Knit-Hats-Gloves-Scarves/Mens-Hat-and-Scarf-Knitting-
Pattern#Q20XYMbmMvcHQCqa.99
3. Make your own knitted product. This will be your knitted article # 3. Be sure to
accompany it with project plan and submit before the deadline set by your
teacher.

Using the rubrics below, let us determine the performance

quality of your knitted articles.
RUBRIC PERFORMANCE
Ideal Actual
Criteria
Score Score
Creates original designs 5

Design
Follows requirements in design 15
Correct application of design elements
Uses available materials wisely 5
Material 5
Exhibits economy in the use of materials
Shows honesty and integrity of materials 10
Techniques & Uses the best techniques for the design and 10
Skills materials used
Exhibits correct processes and procedures 10
Tools 10
Uses appropriate tools, operates tools
skilfully, takes good care of tools
Exhibits positive work attitude

Works independently 10
Takes initiative
Displays cleanliness and order at work
Work Plans work properly

Creates a work plan sheet with complete 10
Attitude/Ethics
information
Works according to the time table
Displays safety consciousness and avoids 5

hazards
5
Assumes correct posture at work
Total Score 100

MY JOURNAL
Name: Date:
Directions: Form a group with at least 5 members. Compose a song that would
narrate the experience of each member in making knitted articles. Cite the
challenges or difficulties you encountered and how did you manage them. Give
emphasis to the lessons learned. Perform it in front of the class.

LESSON 3
POST TEST
I. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the statement carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your
answer in your answer sheet.
6. The process of using two or more needles loop in yarn into a series of
interconnected loops to create finish garment.
C. Sewing C. Knitting
D. Crafting D. Smocking
7. The yarn which is held over the left forefinger and regulated by other fingers is a
customary in _______.
C. European and Eastern countries C. English speaking countries
D. China D. Vietnam
8. This needle is ideal for beginners. They are very smooth and you will be able to
knit more quickly.
C. Metal knitting needle C. Bamboo knitting needle
D. Plastic knitting needle D. Glass knitting needle
9. These needles are usually available in 10 inch and 14 inch lengths with a pointed
end.
C. Straight knitting needle C. Circular knitting needle
D. Double pointed knitting needle D. Knitting needle
10. The following are the basic steps in knitting EXCEPT ____________.
C. Casting down C. Casting off
D. Casting on D. Purl stitch
II. Identification
Directions: Give the abbreviation or symbol of the following terms:
_______1. knit _______6 stitch

_______2. slip _______7. inches
_______3. together _______8. asterisk
_______4. increase _______9. alternate
_______5. between _______10. yarn over

III. Matching Type

Column A Column B
____1. These needles are very

smooth. They are also lighter A. Wood knitting needle
and more flexible than
metals. If you are beginner in
knitting, this is suited you B. Resin Knitting needle
most.
____2. These knitting needles are C. Glass Knitting needle

very popular. They are
initially cold but will warm up
from the heat given off by D. Metal knitting needle
your hand
____3. These needles are stronger E. Plastic knitting needle

and durable than any other
material. However, they are
cold to touch.
____4. These needles are hollow.

They weigh less than any
other materials.
____5. It is heavier than any other

materials. They are also very
smooth and slippery

LESSON 4
QUILTING
OBJECTIVES
1. Discuss the overview of quilting;
2. Demonstrate the proper use of tools, materials and equipment in quilting; and
3. Prepare project plan for the expected quilted articles.
4. Apply quilt stitches on selected project;
5. Select appropriate quality packaging material for finished project;
6. Apply creativity in packaging; and
7. Evaluate the quality/characteristics of finished product and packaging
presentation.
OVERVIEW
Quilting offers good result to an individual either financial or physical. The

University of Glasgow interviewed quilters and found the activity helped their
cognitive, creative and emotional well-being, particularly among older people. It
improves dexterity in fingers, exercises shoulders & arms, helps maintain hand/eye
coordination, and teaches imaginative use of color to produce more attractive quilted
articles.
quilted articles with package accompanied by project plan.

PRE-ASSESMENT
A. Multiple Choice:
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer in
your answer sheet
1. What do you call the process of sewing two or more layers of material to make a
thicker padded material?
A. Quilting C. Sewing
B. Embroidery D. Knitting
2. If you want to draw a circular objects or design, what would be the most applicable
tool or device to use?
A. compass C. pencil
B. ruler D. tracing paper
3. If you are a beginner in quilting, this tool is advise to use in order to prevent from
being pierced by the needle.
A. wax C. frame
B. ruler D. thimble
4. To prevent the fabric from budging up of underneath layers, it is advantage to use

.
A. marking Tools C. frames and hoops
B. piercing tools D. needles and pins
5. It is a form of quilting that use a semi-transparent or transparent cloth for the top
layer.
A. Sashiko quilting C. Shadow quilting
B. Stuffed quilting D. Padded quilting
6. What is the type of quilting which originated from Japan that strengthen or repair a
fabric, padded or unpadded?
7. Which of the following is a part of quilting that gives embossed surface to the top
layer?
A. Top layer C. Batting
B. Backing D. Blending

8. It is the bottom layer or lining placed after the filler.
A. Batting C. Filler
9. It is the material placed in between for the purpose of giving bulk to the quilted
article.
10. If you are producing quilted articles you are called as .

A. Worker C. Quilter
B. Employee D. Staff
B. Enumeration
Directions: Enumerate what are asked below.
A. Tools and materials used in quilting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Give at least 2 safety and precautionary measures that should be observed while
quilting.
6.
7.
C. Give at least 3 kinds of quilting

8.
9.
10.
*** Good Luck! ***

☺☺☺

LEARNING OUTCOME 1:
QUILTING AS A TECHNIQUE
OBJECTIVES
1. Discuss the overview of quilting;

2. Demonstrate the proper use of tools, materials and equipment in quilting;
and
3. Prepare project plan for the expected quilted articles.
LESSON 4.1
QUILTING: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Quilting is the process of creating a quilt or sewing of two or more layers of

material together to make a thicker padded material with a soft substance or
wadding between them. It is a handwork which makes use of geometric designs.
These designs are formed by combining colors, lines and shapes.
The word "quilt" comes from the Latin “culcita” meaning a large stuffed sack,
mattress or cushion. The earliest known quilted garment is depicted on the carved
ivory figure of a Pharaoh of the Egyptian First Dynasty, about 3400 B.C. It has been
used for clothing and furnishings scattered throughout the world thousands of years
before.
In Europe, quilting has been part of the needlework tradition and has been
one of their favorite activity at home especially during winter. Quilted articles lined
with foam such as comforter and blankets are very useful during winter because of
their thickness and extra warmth that it gives. Quilting can be done by hand,
by sewing machine, or by a specialist long arm quilting system. A quilter is the name
given to someone who works at quilting. (SEDP Series, Technology and Home
Economics III)

QUILTING TOOLS AND MATERIALS
A. Design Aids
Tools, materials and equipments to be used in quilting may vary

depending on the project design you want and the transfer method it requires.
To come up with a better result, you should be familiar and oriented on these
tools, materials and equipments especially their specific functions and uses.
The following are hints that will help you with regard to designs:
1. Commercial stencil template or perforated pattern. A fast and easy

way of producing a quilt design. Templates come in a great variety of
shapes and sizes. Solid or window templates are made of metal and
transparent plastic. However, you can make your own if you want to.
2. Graphing paper. Useful for planning or

sketching a design to scale
3. Dressmaker’s carbon paper and

tracing paper. These are very good
materials for transferring the design.

4. The ruler or yardstick. Useful for
marking straight line designs and as a
measuring device.
5. A compass or a round object. It can be

used for drawing curves
6. A pencil or a dressmaker’s/tailor’s
chalk. It is used to mark directly on fabric
7. Pounce. It is a special powder used for

temporary markings with perforated
patterns

B. Tools and Materials for Piercing and Quilting
1. Needles – for piercing and quilting. A “between”

needle is considered best in piercing.
2. Pins – these are the plastic headed pins which

are very sharp and good for piercing straight
through the material
3. Scissors – they come in a wide variety of

shapes and sizes
C. Tools for Marking
1. Ruler – this is a long, transparent tool

that is best when marking fabrics.
2. Pencils – there are varieties of

marking pencils from soft lead to
water soluble ones that are
available in the market.

3. Thimble – make it a habit to use this
metal, plastic or leather device on the
middle finger to prevent being pierced
by the needle.
4. Wax – this is ideal for strengthening

the thread and making it much easier
to pull through the fabric.
5. Frames and hoops – use to hold the

three layers of materials together to
prevent from budging up of underneath
layers. A quilting hoop is deeper in order
to accommodate the three layers of top,
battling and backing.
6. Fabrics used in quilting – the best fabric

to start with is a firmly woven, lightweight,
pure cotton, although a number of polyester
cotton blends are quite manageable and
easy to handle.
Quilting is classified as to type of wadding and the

technique used to sew it in place. For a beginner
in quilting, refrain from using fabrics which are
difficult to handle such as silk, velvet or wool.

ROLE PLAYING
Name: Date:
Directions: Form a group with at least 5-10 members. Each member will identify the
advantages or benefits of acquiring knowledge and skills in quilting. Then, role play it
in front of the class. The teacher will also select a representative to each group to
generalize their performance.

LEARNING OUTCOME 2:
MAKE QUILTED ARTICLES
OBJECTIVES
1. Apply quilt stitches on selected project;

2. Select appropriate quality packaging material for finished project;
3. Apply creativity in packaging; and
4. Evaluate the quality/characteristics of finished product and packaging
presentation.
LESSON 4.2
In order to understand the process of crafting quilted articles, it is necessary

to understand first and be familiar with its parts.
PARTS OF A QUILTED ARTICLE
1. Top Layer – is the decorative side of a quilted project. You may use a printed
or solid-colored fabric or even a completed piece of patchwork, appliqué, or
embroidery. From Ma’am Wella’s reference
2. Filler – The material placed in between the batting and the backing for the
purpose of giving bulk to the quilted article Julian G. Cruz, et.al 1998. Usually
made up of cotton or polyester fiber. It is also called as batting or wadding.
From Ma’am Wella’s reference
3. Backing – bottom layer or lining placed after the filler. It should be of a

lightweight fabric or sometimes of the same fabric as the top layer especially if
it is to be exposed. From Ma’am Wella’s reference

There are different types of quilting design that you may choose from. It varies
depending upon the purpose of your article. Read on and familiarize yourself to the
following quilting designs.
Types of Quilting Design
1. Outline Quilting - refers to hand or machine quilting that outlines a shape or area
of a quilt, either patchwork or appliqué, in order to emphasize the shape. It follows
the outline of shapes already present on the top of the fabric layer.
2. All-over pattern - Regular pattern produced by consistent repetition of one or

more shapes. It covers the entire surface.
3. Ornamental Motifs – include designs with complicated details. They are best
sewn on plain lighter colored fabric to show up he quilting better.
4. Border Designs – are made up of repeated patterns of motif complimenting the

main design. This type calls for a special planning to balance the design.
KINDS OF QUILTING
1. PADDED QUILTING
It is also known as English quilting in which only

specified sections of the stitch design are padded, to
give the design the physical qualities of the length,
breadth or thickness. It is best to use plain color
fabrics. The design best suited to this type of quilting
includes motifs and curved geometrics composed of
many tiny sections. If you want to experiment on
modern style instead of padded quilting, use a printed
fabric, with a distinct motif composed of small curved
areas.

2. CORDED QUILTING
It is a type of quilting in which linear designs
are raised from the background with a cord or yarn
filler. This kind of quilting is often combined with the
padded quilting to accentuate both the lines and
shapes of the design. There are two ways of
achieving the raised look. The most common method
is to stitch the design in two lines through the layers of
the fabric. The passages are threaded with yarn or
other rope-like-fillers. The second method involves
only one layer of fabric. The cord is laid under the
fabric and stitched in place at the same time.
3. TRAPUNTO OR STUFFED QUILTING

This type of quilting is distinguished by the top
layer of the quilt or wall hanging is lined and selected
areas are outlined with running stitch. Stuffing is
pushed into these areas from the back to emphasize
them and make them stand out more distinctly.
Tranpunto can be fused successfully with other forms
of quilting. It is very effective with a closely quilted
background, or with linear details added in Italian
quilting.
4. SHADOW QUILTING
It is a semi-transparent or transparent cloth is
used for the top layer and a fabric with a patched
design, for the underneath layer. Colored wool is used
to stuff between layers. Threads are sewn underneath
around the patched design to give a more embossed
effect. He embossed effect can be achieved by using
shapes of different thickness and combining them with
appliqué and other types of stitches. Combining
different types of colors and designs produces a more
artistic effect. http://quilts.winterroad.net/images/Qui
lts/Shadows/Shadow2.jpg

5. SASHIKO
It is a form of quilting which originated in Japan as
a plain running stitch made to strengthen or repair a
fabric , padded or unpadded. The fabric is put to a variety
of uses, notably in fireman’s clothing (which is doused
with water before fire fighting) and in clothing and
household furnishings. The stitches are longer than
normal quilting stitches and are done using a thread
which contrasts with the cloth, black or white, or white on
a blue or red background, and vice versa, which colours
are popular among the Japanese.
The following are some tips to help you prepare on your project. Get ready to
take off and start your project!
1. Make sure to prepare all the materials you will be needing in crafting your
project. Prepare a checklist to avoid wasting of time and energy.
2. Be clear on the design you will apply on your article.

3. For better result, the backer should complement your quilt top.
4. You may wash your fabric, dry it completely and then iron out the wrinkles and
fold until ready to cut your quilt pieces.
5. Never give up if it seems difficult to accomplish your project. Be patient

enough to see the result of your effort when finished.

Directions: Answer briefly the following questions:

1. What is the earliest quilted garment known about 3400 BC?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it important to be familiar and oriented with the quilting tools and materials?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. What are the kinds of quilting?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. How does quilting helps an individual like you?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5.. Do you think it is worthy to study quilting? Why?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

PROJECT PLANNING
Name: Date:
A. Directions: Think of a possible quilted project or article. You may surf the
Name: Date Begun:


1.
2.
3.

Cost

1.
2.
3.
VI. Work Procedures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VIII. Evaluation
IX. Remarks
_________________________
(Name of Student)

LET’S DO THIS!
PRODUCE QUILTED ARTICLES WITH PACKAGE
1. Based on the given procedures, execute the article below with a project plan.
You may refer to this procedure but you could also make some modifications.
Be creative in doing your quilted articles. Your output will be evaluated using
the rubrics on page 156. Happy quilting!
QUILTED ARTICLE # 1
QUILTED THROW PILLOW COVER with PERSONAL DESIGN PACKAGE
Materials:
- Cloth, foam, lining, shears, thread, pins and needles, tape measure, zipper and
pencil.
Procedure:
1. Cut nine squares of cloth, each measuring 6.35 cm on the side. Line up the
squares into three rows. Connect the squares to form a big square by
handstitching.
2. Cut two pieces of cloth, each measuring 31.75 cm x 6.35 cm. Handstitch one
piece on top and one below the formed square.
3. Cut two pieces of cloth to the batting foam. Be sure that the foam is of the
same dimension as the sewed cloth.
4. Cut a lining cloth. This should be of the same as that of the sewed cloth.
Place underneath the batting foam. Handstitch or baste.

5. Quilt on top of the sewed cloth, following the edges of each scrap of cloth
used.
6. Quilt on top the sewed cloth, following the edges of scrap of cloth used. Sew
the edges and trim the excess foam and lining.
7. Your top is complete. Cut a backing sheet (cotton or angel cloth) for the
other side
8. Attach zipper.
a. Open the zipper. Place right side up under the opening of the pillowcase.
Pin one side and turn edge to the tape along one side of the zipper.
b. Baste the zipper to the cloth before sewing on the machine. After sewing
on the machine, remove the handstitches.
Congratulations! You now have your quilted pillow cover!
Source: SEDP Series, Technology and Home Economics III, Home Technology
Related Crafts I, Third Year High School, Department of Education Culture and
Sports, MG Reprographics Supply and Services, Inc., Philippines
2. Presto! You now have the guts to make your own quilted product. Craft your
own quilted article. This will serve as your quilted article # 2. Be sure to
accompany it with a project plan. Package your finish product presentably and
creatively. Have fun and enjoy quilting!

Using the rubric performance below, let us determine the

quality performance of your quilted articles.
RUBRIC PERFORMANCE
Ideal Actual
Criteria
Score Score
Design (30%)
Original, innovative in concept and design 5
Appropriate for the intended use 10
Appearance – appropriate application of elements and

15
principles in art, well-proportioned, structurally stable
Material (30%)
Appropriate choice for the design and function 10
Availability of the materials – legally approved for use,

5
environment-friendly
Characteristics of the material contribute to the appeal of

5
the product
Mature and well-seasoned materials, of good quality

5
Properly and adequately processed
Materials are economically used 5
Technique (40%)
Techniques are suited to the design and materials 10
Construction techniques blend well with the design and

10
appeal of the object
Well-exhibited technique, from pre-construction to

10
finishing, results to a strong and durable product
Fine craftsmanship 10
Total Score 100
(Adapted and modified from Arribas, 2009)

MY STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
Name: Date:
Directions: Using the table below, identify the good points and areas to improve of
your quilted article/product. Write the good points on the first column and the areas
on the second. On the third column, cite recommendations to strengthen your quilted
products.
My embroidered article:
GOOD POINTS AREAS TO IMPROVE RECOMMENDATIONS

D. Review of the Lesson 4.5
MY JOURNAL
Name: Date:
Directions: Compose a short poem that would narrate your experience in making
embroidered articles. Cite the challenges or difficulties you encountered and how did
you manage them. Give emphasis to the lessons learned. Use separate sheet of
paper if necessary.

E. Review of the Lesson 4.6
MY POSITIVE HABITS/ATTITUDES DEVELOPED
Name: Date:
Directions: After all the learning sessions of this module, it is expected that as you
develop the necessary skills in needle craft, you also enrich your positive work habits
and attitudes. List down at least 5 positive attitudes/habits you have developed with
corresponding symbols. You have 10 minutes to this activity. Then, go around and
see if you have classmates who have same answer as yours (not necessarily the
same symbol, only the same attitude/habit). Write the name of your classmate
opposite to the attitude/habits which you have the same answer.

LESSON 4
POST TEST
A. Multiple Choice:
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer in
your answer sheet
1. What do you call the process of sewing two or more layers of material to make a
thicker padded material?
A. Quilting C. Sewing
B. Embroidery D. Knitting
2. If you want to draw a circular objects or design, what would be the most applicable
tool or device to use?
A. compass C. pencil
B. ruler D. tracing paper
3. If you are a beginner in quilting, this tool is advise to use in order to prevent from
being pierced by the needle.
A. wax C. frame
B. ruler D. thimble
4. To prevent the fabric from budging up of underneath layers, it is advantage to use

.
A. marking Tools C. frames and hoops
B. piercing tools D. needles and pins
5. It is a form of quilting that use a semi-transparent or transparent cloth for the top
layer.
6. What is the type of quilting which originated from Japan that strengthen or repair a
fabric, padded or unpadded?
7. Which of the following is a part of quilting that gives embossed surface to the top
layer?
A. Top layer C. Batting

8. It is the bottom layer or lining placed after the filler.
9. It is the material placed in between for the purpose of giving bulk to the quilted
article.
10. If you are producing quilted articles you are called as .

A. Worker C. Quilter
B. Employee D. Staff
B. Enumeration
Directions: Enumerate what are asked below.
A. Tools and materials used in quilting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Give at least 2 safety and precautionary measures that should be observed while
quilting.
6.
7.
C. Give at least 3 kinds of quilting

8.
9.
10.
*** Good Luck! ***

☺☺☺

SYNTHESIS
Needlecraft products are ubiquitous items in the Philippine market. They are
applied or used in novelty items or in functional ones from the most simple wristband
or cellular phone holders to items such as bags and clothes. They are available for
sale in simple kiosks in bazaars, in stalls at renowned shopping areas like Divisoria
and Quiapo, and even in upscale malls and boutiques. Philippine-made articles from
needlecrafts even enjoy international reputation as evidenced by a steady-stream of
demand for exported products. Indeed, the demand for needlecraft products makes
the skills for neddlecraft techniques an empowering competency to have.
Needlecraft or needlework, as the name implies, pertains to articles created,

either by hand or machine, using needles to apply design and techniques.
Needlecrafts include: embroidery, crocheting, knitting, tatting, smocking, quilting and
patchwork. The size, shape, and material of the needle may vary depending on its
use but it is these variations that discriminate one technique from the other. Each
type of needlecraft has also its own set of tools and materials, as well as basic and
advanced stitches. The appropriate application of the materials, techniques, and
design principles create unique neddlecraft articles that can command value for
money and the arts.
This module presented at least four types of needlecraft, namely embroidery,

crocheting, knitting, and quilting. Each lesson, with the aid of the teacher, would
enable almost anyone to learn how to come up with basic, and with more practice
and proficiency, even complex projects. Each project also required a plan that trains
the learners for a systematic work procedure and to identify and manage the
available resources, including money. There is also additional training on the
packaging of the products. These trainings become relevant when these articles are
considered for an entrepreneurial venture. Indeed, the competencies that one can
learn in needlecraft can truly empower a Filipino citizen.

SUMMATIVE TEST
I. Matching Type
Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your answer in your
answer sheet.
Column A
Column B
_____1. A decorative embroidery or
shirring design to control fullness A. calado
in garments by gathering the
fabric.
B. crochet
____2. It is a kind of needlework
consisting of the interlocking of
looped stitches formed with a C. knitting
single thread and a hooked
needle. It has been used in the
intricate process of lacemaking. D. quilting
____3. The process of using two or more

needles to loop yarn into a E. smocking
series of interconnected loops in
order to create a finished
garment or to create a cloth. F. embroidery
____4. It comes from the latin word

“culcita” meaning a large stuffed
sack, mattress or cushion. It is
the process of sewing two or
more layers of material together.
____5. The art or process of decorating

fabric or materials with a wide
variety of thread or yarn color
using needle.

II. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Choose the letter in the box that best
describes the statement. Write the answer in your quiz notebook.
A. thimble F. stitch markers

B. cable needles G. crochet yarn
C. crochet hook H. plastic knitting needles
D. stiletto I. filler
E. embroidery frame or hoops J. needle threader
11. A tool used in making eyelets usually made of wood, bone or metal.
12. A device used to keep the fabric heavy stretched while applying stitches on
the design.
13. It comes in variety of natural or man-made fibers that has own

characteristics, and they differ from one another in tactile, tenacity and
weight.
14. A tool in crocheting that has a great effect to the finished product. It varies in
sizes and therefore should use the correct size suited to the article to be
produced.
15. It is used to help keep track of the number of stitches in a row.
16. A special kind of knitting needles used specifically to hold stitches.
17. These knitting needles are ideal for beginners and are the least expensive. It
is lighter and more flexible than metal designs.
18. A device used for the middle finger to prevent from being pierced by the
needle. It could be a metal, plastic or leather.
19. The material placed in between for the purpose of giving bulk to the quilted
article.
20. It is used for easier threading especially by those sewers with poor eyesight.

III. Identification
Directions: Identify the following pictures of stitches in embroidery, crochet,

knitting and types of quilting.
EMBROIDERY STITCHES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

CROCHET STITCHES
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

KNITTING STITCHES
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

TYPES OF QUILTING
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

IV. Short Response Essay
Directions: Answer the following questions correctly. Write your answer in your
answer sheet.
Essay 1: What are the safety and precautionary measures that you should
observe when doing needlecraft projects?
Essay 2: Among the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies, identify at least

one weakness that you possess based on the PEC assessment. Explain how
you can improve on that competency.
Essay 3: Think of a package for a quilted blanket that will satisfy the following
functions: (a) identify the product, (b) sell & showcase the design so consumers
can be persuaded to buy, (c) protect the product, and (d) utilize indigenous or
environment-friendly package. Describe your package in detail.
*** Good Luck! ***

☺☺☺

KEY TO CORRECTION
LESSON 1
Pre-Test p. 35 and Post Test Review of the Lesson p.57
A. Multiple Choice Crosswords
1. C Horizontal
2. B 1. Fishbone
3. C 2. Chevron
4. A 3. Split
5. A 4. Stem
6. D 5. Tent
7. B
8. D Vertical
9. B 6. Satin
10. C 7. Rosette
8. Holbein
B. Matching Type
1. D
2. A
3. E
4. F
5. B
C. Identification
1. Holbein Stitch
2. French Knot
3. Tent Stitch
4. Rosette Chain Stitch
5. Couching

LESSON 2 LESSON 3
Pre-test and Post-Test Pre-test and Post-Test
A. Multiple Choice A. Multiple Choice
1. C 1. C
2. A 2. A
3. D 3. B
4. D 4. A
5. B 5. A
B. Matching Type B. Identification

1. A 1. k
2. C 2. sl
3. D 3. tog
4. E 4. Inc
5. F 5. bet
6. st
C. Identification 7. “
1. beginning 8. *
2. cluster 9. alt
3. yarn over hook 10. yo
4. stitch
5. repeat C. Matching Type
1. E
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C

LESSON 4
Pre-test and Post-Test
C. Multiple Choice
1. A
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. C
10.C

GLOSSARY
Accentuate To make something more noticeable or to emphasize.
Adaptable Ability to change or be changed in order to fit or work better in

some situation or for some purpose.
Article A particular object or item.

A nonfictional literary composition that forms an independent
part of a publication, as of a newspaper or magazine.
Backing Something that forms, protects, supports or strengthens the

back of something.
Batting Cotton, wool, or synthetic fiber wadded into rolls or sheets, used
for stuffing furniture mattresses and for lining quilts.
Competency The quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and

intellectually.
Enterprise A business organization. It is the results of entrepreneurship

done by entrepreneurs.
Entrepreneur A person who organizes, operates and assumes the risk for a
business venture.
Entrepreneurship The state, quality, or condition of being an entrepreneur, an

organizer or promoter of business ventures. It is the process
done by the entrepreneur to create enterprise.
Flexible Capable of being bent or flexed or ability to adapt.
Fuzzy Covering with fine light hairs.
Geometric Using simple geometric forms such as circles and squares in

design and decoration.
Gingham A yarn-dyed cotton fabric woven in stripes, checks, plaids, or

solid colors.
Indigo A blue dye, obtained from various plants, especially of the genus
Indigofera, or manufactured synthetically. Its color is ranging
from deep violet blue to dark grayish blue.
Kerosene A thin oil distilled from petroleum or shale oil, used as a fuel for
heating and cooking and in lamps.
Launder To wash or prepare laundry.

Loop A curving or doubling of a line so as to form a closed or partly
open curve within itself through which another line can be
passed or into which a hook may be hooked.
Meddle To interfere officiously or annoyingly; or involve oneself without

right or invitation; interfere.
Motif A dominant theme or central idea.
Perforated Having a hole or holes, especially a row of small holes;

separated into parts or laid open or penetrated with a sharp
edge or instrument.
Pierce To make a hole through.
Pleats A fold in cloth made by doubling the material upon itself and
then pressing or stitching it into place.
Polyester Any of a group of polymers that consist basically of repeated

units of an ester and are used especially in making fibers or
plastic; also: a product (as a fiber or fabric) composed of
polyester.
Skein A long piece of yarn or thread that is loosely wound.
Spool A round object that is made to have something (such as thread,

wire, or tape) wrapped around it.
Superb Surpassingly good; excellent.
Tactile relating to the sense of touch.
Tenacity The state or quality of being tenacious; holding together firmly.
Tension The act of stretching or straining; A number of stitches and

number of stitches and number of rows to a given measurement.
Transparent Able to be seen through.
Venture To start to do something new or different that usually involves

risk.
Wring To twist, squeeze, or compress, especially so as to extract

liquid.
Yarn Over Used either to increase stitch count or add a decorative opening
in the fabric - or both; the action of putting the yarn over the
needle.

REFERENCES
BOOKS
Arribas, L. (1995). Technology and Home Economics Series: Related Crafts.

Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Dela Cruz, T.R. and Tabbada, E.V. (2000)Technology and Home Economics,
Related
Crafts I (Third year). Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
CRUZ, et al (1998) Home Economics IV. Quezon City: Adriana Publishing Co., Inc.
De Guzman, I.A. (1991).A Module in Crafts I, Technology and Home Economics

III.Manila: Saint Bernadette Publications.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS, Industrial Technology

Handicrafts I, Third Year High School, SEDP Series, ISBN 971-540-017-5
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS, Home Technology,

Related Crafts I, Third Year High School, SEDP Series, ISBN 971-540-010-8
Histrich, R., Peters, M., & Shepherd, D. (2008). Entrepreneurship. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Leuterio, F.C. (1995) Technology and Home Economics IV. Sampaloc Manila:St.
Augustine Publications, Inc.
Liberal, A.E. (2007). Appraising and developing yourself for an entrepreneurial

career. In T. Maghirang, P. Librando, D. Esguerra, & D. Recio (eds.),
Introduction to entrepreneurship (2nd ed.). Quezon City: Small Enterprises
Research and Development Foundation, Inc.
Looser, U. &Schläpfer, B. (2001).The new venture adventure. New York: McKinsen

and Company.
Mathieson, E.L. (1946). The Complete Book of Crochet. The World Publishing
Company
Zimmerer, T. and Scarborough, N. (2005).Essentials of entrepreneurship and small

business management. 4thed. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.

E-SOURCES
http://www.artsanddesigns.com/cgi-
bin/makeGlossary.pl?category=embroidery&section=T
http://myquiltplace.com/forum/topics/why-quilting-improves-your-health-in-ways-
even-exercise-can-t
http://www.needlepoint-for-fun.com/basic-needlepoint-stitches.htm
http://www.needlecrafter.com/Stitches/stitches.html?let=H#H
http://www.craftstylish.com/item/8312/how-to-five-handy-embroidery-stitches/page/all
http://idiotsguides.com/static/quickguides/hobbiescrafts/crochet-101-the-basic-
stitches.html
From The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Knitting and Crocheting Illustrated, Third
Edition, by Barbara Breiter and Gail Diven
http://www.ehow.com/how_8741893_crochet-bracelets.html#ixzz2gggjc1h2
http://www.ehow.com/how_8741893_crochet-bracelets.html#ixzz2ggh6m7NP
http://www.ehow.com/how_8585384_make-
crochetedcenterpiece.html#ixzz2ggj9oWpm
http://www.ehow.com/how_8585384_make-crocheted-
centerpiece.html#ixzz2ggiKw6pI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smocking
http://embroidery.about.com/od/Embroidery-Stitches/ss/Working-The-Running-
Stitch.htm
http://www.needlecrafter.com/Stitches/stitchdetail.html?id=470
http://needlepoint.about.com/od/stitchdiagrams/ss/Continental_2.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holbein_stitch
http://needlepoint.about.com/od/stitchdiagrams/ss/Continental.htm
http://www.needlepoint-for-fun.com/basic-needlepoint-stitches.htm
http://www.craftstylish.com/item/8312/how-to-five-handy-embroidery-stitches/page/all
http://www.wikihow.com/Knit#Making_a_Yarn_Ball

http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/327538/lifestyle/design/ifugao-women-
farmers-shift-to-knitting-stylish-hats-and-scarves
http://www.queenofdiy.com/stitchery/knitting-beginners-guide.html
http://www.ehow.com/how_12091803_embroider-scalloped-
edge.html#ixzz2hHlmBrvG
http://crafts.creativebug.com/make-smocking-stitches-1914.html
http://knittingnewscast.com/blog/2011/03/10/top-10-knitting-notions/
http://knitting.about.com/od/toolsandsupplies/a/beginnertools_2.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarn
http://voices.yahoo.com/six-materials-used-knitting-needles-697525.html
http://www.favecrafts.com/Crochet-Bags/Beginner-Tote-
Bag/ct/1#vdC6TEMiM7oDiupy.99
http://www.favecrafts.com/Crochet-Bags
http://www.pinterest.com/ocsunsets/phone-covers-crochet/
http://www.crochetspot.com/crochet-pattern-simple-cell-phone-case/
http://www.insaneaboutgarb.com/friesianfrockgirl/index.php/textiles/needlework/basic
-smocking
http://tipnut.com/smocking/
Source: Smocking by PenelopeA Needlecraft Publication (vintage)
http://www.oocities.org/wellesley/3351/vandyke.html
http://www.wikihow.com/Crochet-in-the-Round
Credit for Image Used:
Fat Pencil courtesy of OpenClipArt.org
Free font “KGWays to Say Goodbye” by Kimberly Geswein at www.dafont.com
richardrrr.blogspot.com


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Each lesson is organized starting with a brief description of the needlecraft

Understand Environment and Business Ideas . . . . 14

Packaging of Finished Products/Projects . . . . 31

Embroidery Tools and Materials . . . . 38

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 2

Tools and Materials . . . . . . 87

Holding the Hook and Yarn Correctly . . . 90

Steps in Making the Basic Stitches . . . 91

Basic Stitches in Crocheting . . . . 91

Let’s Do This . . . . . . . 102

LESSON 3: KNITTING . . . . . . . 108

LEARNING OUTCOME 1 . . . . . . 111

Two Methods of Knitting . . . . 112

Terminology and Abbreviations . . . . 113

Knitting Tools and Materials . . . . 113

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 3

Let’s Do This . . . . . . . 133

LESSON 4: QUILTING . . . . . . . 138

LEARNING OUTCOME 1 . . . . . . 141

Quilting Tools and Materials . . . . 142

LEARNING OUTCOME 2 . . . . . . 147

Types of Quilted Design . . . . . 148

Kinds of Quilting . . . . . . 148

Let’s Do This . . . . . . . 154

Summative Test . . . . . . . . 163

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 4

Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one of the nomenclatures in

So, explore and experience the K to 12 TLE module and be a successful

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 5

At the start of your journey in learning handicrafts (Exploratory Module on

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 6

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 7

_________ 1. I look for things that need to be done.

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 8

Source: Liberal, AE. E. (2007). Appraising and developing yourself for an

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 9

Rating of Statements Score PECs

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 10

Subtract the following

Correct each PECs score before using the Profile Sheet

Corrected Score Sheet

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 11

SAMPLE PECs PROFILE

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 12

Business Environment and Market

The study of the business environment in a particularlocation has far-reaching and

Natural & Physical Demography

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 13

There is also a phenomenon referred to as clustering, where a particular type of

Changes in the lifestyle, which is brought about by changes in the population

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 14

Economy.This pertains to the management of resources and study of the system of

Technology. Technological changes are inventions based on the application of

At this point, it must be quite clear why an environment scanning of an area

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 15

Spotting business opportunities is one of the most essential aspects of

1. Personal hobbies and interests

Screening Business Ideas

1. Personality and Personal Preferences

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 16

HOME ECONOMICS - NEEDLE CRAFT LEARNER’S MATERIAL FOR GRADE 9 17

* Good Luck! *

Name:______________ Date Begun:_

Year and Section:_ Date Finished: _