Objectives:

 Total Solid (TS) :

To determine total solids (TS) in water or wastewater sample.
To determine total volatile solids (TVS) in water or wastewater sample.

 Total suspended solid (TSS) :

To determine volatile suspended solids (VSS) in water or wastewater
sample.
To determine Fixed suspended solids (FSS) in water or wastewater sample.

 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) :

To determine Total Dissolved solids (TDS) in water or wastewater sample.
To determine volatile Dissolved solids (VDS) in water or wastewater
sample.
To determine Fixed Dissolved solids (FDS) in water or wastewater sample.
Theoretical Background:
𝑚𝑔 𝑊𝑠
Concentration of total solid ( )=
𝐿 𝑉
𝑚𝑔 𝑊𝑠 𝑊𝑠−𝑊𝑓
Concentration of total Volatile solids ( )= =
𝐿 𝑉 𝑉

Where :
Ws= weight of total solids = B-A (mg)
A = Weight of dish (mg)
B = Weight of dried residue + dish ( at 105°C ). (mg)
Wf = weight of fixed after ignition = C-A (mg)
C = Weight of dried residue + dish ( at 550°C ). (mg)
Wv= weight of total volatiles. (mg)
V= sample volume used. (L)

𝑊𝑓
Concentration of fixed suspended solid =
𝑉
𝑊𝑣
Concentration of volatile suspended solid =
𝑉
𝑊𝑠
Suspended solids =
𝑉
𝑊𝑠−𝑊𝑓 𝑊𝑣
Volatile suspended solid = =
𝑉 𝑉

Wv = E- F
E= weight of residue + dish + filter before ignition ( at 105°C ). (mg)
F= weight residue + dish + filter after ignition ( at 550°C ). (mg)
Wf=F-D
D=weight of dish + filter. (mg)
The term total dissolved solids refer to materials that are
completely dissolved in water. Those solids are filterable in nature
and defined as residue upon evaporating of non-filterable sample
on a filter paper. Dissolved solids may lead to scaling in boiler,
corrosion and degraded quality of the product. Estimation of total
dissolved solids is useful to determine whether the water is suitable
for drinking purpose , agriculture and industrial purpose.
Suspended material are very displeasing and provide adsorption
sites for chemical and biological agents. Suspended organic solids
which are degraded anaerobically may release obnoxious odors.