LED FLASHLIGHT

Compiled to complete the final task of English course

Compiled : Iksan Fauzi

Department : Teknik Elektro

Semester : 2nd

POLITEKNIK NEGRI MALANG

Jl. Soekarno Hatta No.9, Jatimulyo, Kec. Lowokwaru,

Kota Malang, Jawa Timur 65141, Indonesia

Telp. +62 341 404424

 Preface
First of all, thanks to Allah SWT because of the help of Allah, writer finished writing the paper
entitled “LED FLASHLIGHT” right in the calculated time.

The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by Mr. Imam Mudofir,
SPP,MPD as lecturer in english major.

in arranging this paper, the writer trully get lots challenges and obstructions but with help of
many indiviuals, those obstructions could passed. writer also realized there are still many
mistakes in process of writing this paper.

because of that, the writer says thank you to all individuals who helps in the process of writing
this paper. hopefully allah replies all helps and bless you all.the writer realized tha this paper still
imperfect in arrangment and the content. then the writer hope the criticism from the readers can
help the writer in perfecting the next paper.last but not the least Hopefully, this paper can helps
the readers to gain more knowledge about english major.

Malang, April 16th, 2017

Iksan fauzi

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 Table of contents

PREFACE ....................................................................................................................... i

TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................................. ii

CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................... 1

a. General ............................................................................................................... 1
b. Objectives of this write ....................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................... 1

a. Explanation flashlight led ................................................................................... 1

b. Explain the elektronic instrument that are needed in elektronik equipmen ........ 2
c. Draw and explain the circuit of elektronik equipmen ......................................... 7
d. Explain the prinsip work of equipment Elektronic ............................................. 7
e. Explain the function of equipment electronic ..................................................... 8

CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................... 9

Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 9

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 10

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A. GENERAL
Many people may have heard about the benefits of led flashlight bulb flashlights, but they
were not sure if they are correct. Note that the LED is not a new creation, as it has existed since
the 60s. In those days, they released a small amount of light that can not be used in lighting. Over
time, regular improvements led to the emergence of LED flashlights for commercial purposes.
The main advantages are long life, consumes very little power and constant production. These
properties better every day helps the popularity of these lanterns.
Of all the advantages, the most important attribute, which was launched to fame that
consume very little power. This means loading when you light through a journey together. With
typical led flashlight bulb bulb, it is impossible to say the least. Besides the production of the
lanterns attractive because it does not need alternative energy source, this attribute is always
greener led flashlight bulb environment. Although many people are aware that this lamp provides
more light, some are not aware of any not affected by the available balance of the battery. What
he says is that, unlike traditional incandescent bulbs, which are reduced less light, battery, LED
light bulbs gives a consistent result.

B. OBJECTIVES OF THIS WRITE

1. Find out elektronic equipment.
2. Explain the elektronic instrument that are needed in elektronik equipmen.
3. Draw and explan the circuit of elektronik equipmen.
4. Explain the prinsip work of elektronik equipmen.
5. Explain the function of elektronik equipmen.

CHAPTER 2

A. Explanation flashlight led

Since their development in 1999, LED bulbs are in more products than ever, including
flashlights, and they continue to gain market share over incandescent bulbs. Still, many people
do not know why LEDs have a competitive edge, especially when the bulbs are used in compact
electronics like flashlights. Buyers should understand the many reasons why LEDs are a better
investment than other lighting options.
1. Longer Bulb Life
LED lights themselves offer greater efficiency than incandescent bulbs found in other
flashlights. Where an incandescent bulb offers an average of six hours of continual use, an LED
flashlight bulb offers as many as 50,000 average hours of continual use. For those who regularly
use flashlights for nighttime activities, such as fishing or hunting, an LED flashlight offers a
much longer bulb life with lower power consumption. For example, white LEDs produce about
100 lumens per watt compared to 9 lumens per watt for an equally sized incandescent bulb.

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2. Longer Battery Life
LED flashlights also use battery power more efficiently than incandescent bulb
flashlights. The average continuous-use battery life for a flashlight using incandescent bulbs is in
the two-hour range, while the batteries in flashlights with halogen bulbs tend to last around nine
hours with continuous use. LED flashlight batteries blow the competition away, lasting an
average of 90 hours with continuous use.
3. Better Investment over Time
LED flashlights cost more than their incandescent counterparts and most do not come
with replaceable bulbs, which means that when the LED fades, the whole flashlight needs
replacing. A mini LED flashlight costs nearly as much as a full-featured tactical flashlight with
an incandescent bulb. Many consumers shy away from the high price tag associated with the
initial investment. In reality, LED flashlights cost less over time. A seldom-used LED household
flashlight can last for decades and never require a new battery. Even though the bulb is not
replaceable, chances are good that it outlasts the housing.
4. Durability
LED flashlight bulbs have sturdier construction than other types of delicate flashlight bulbs.
They have a plastic housing that can withstand the impact of drops, vibrations, and even wide
temperature variations. An incandescent bulb is made of glass and requires fine filaments. An
LED bulb is a solid state device with a chip placed securely inside the plastic housing, which
makes it the ideal bulb for a portable utility tool like a flashlight.

B. Explain the elektronic instrument that are needed in elektronik equipmen

1. light-emitting diode (LED)

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an
electric current passes through it. The light is not particularly bright, but in most LEDs it is
monochromatic, occurring at a single wavelength. The output from an LED can range from red
(at a wavelength of approximately 700 nanometers) to blue-violet (about 400 nanometers). Some
LEDs emit infrared (IR) energy (830 nanometers or longer); such a device is known as an
infrared-emitting diode (IRED).

An LED or IRED consists of two elements of processed material called P-type

semiconductors and N-type semiconductors. These two elements are placed in direct contact,
forming a region called the P-N junction. In this respect, the LED or IRED resembles most other
diode types, but there are important differences. The LED or IRED has a transparent package,
allowing visible or IR energy to pass through. Also, the LED or IRED has a large PN-junction
area whose shape is tailored to the application.

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 From the picture above we can know that the LED has legs 2 pieces such as the diode is
the anode and cathode leg legs. In the picture above the foot of the anode has a longer physical
characteristics of the cathode legs when they are new, then the cathode leg on the LED (Light
Emitting Diode) is characterized by the body LEDs are on average papas. Walking anode and
cathode leg on the LED (Light Emitting Diode) is symbolized as shown above. Installation of
LED (Light Emitting Diodes) to be lit is to provide forward bias voltage is to provide a positive
voltage to a negative voltage toe to the anode and cathode leg.

2. Switch

A switch is a component which controls the open-ness or closed-ness of an electric circuit.

They allow control over current flow in a circuit (without having to actually get in there and
manually cut or splice the wires). Switches are critical components in any circuit which requires
user interaction or control.

A switch can only exist in one of two states: open or closed. In the off state, a switch looks
like an open gap in the circuit. This, in effect, looks like an open circuit, preventing current from
flowing.

In the on state, a switch acts just like a piece of perfectly-conducting wire. A short. This closes
the circuit, turning the system “on” and allowing current to flow unimpeded through the rest of
the system.

A circuit diagram with an LED, resistor, and a switch. When the switch is closed, current flows
and the LED can illuminate. Otherwise no current flows, and the LED receives no power.

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 3. TRIMPORT 500K OHM
Trimpot is a small variable resistor normally used in electronic circuits as a tuning tool or it
could be a re-calibration. As the pot as well, Trimpot also had 3 feet apart from this similarity the
system work / how it works also resemble the pot only when the pot has a hilt or handle to rotate
or shift while Trimpot not. So how do I change the resistance value is a Trimpot ?, The answer is
by using a screwdriver pengetriman mengetrimnya. In the electronic circuit Trimpot symbolized
by the letters VR.
function Trimpot

Function than Trimpot also have similarities like Potensio, but sometimes different
because of frequent Trimpot directly mounted on the pcb. Examples of the use Trimpot often be
found in a series of RGB as the color in color television tuning and tuning subbrigth as well as
the contras.

4. Battery
A battery is a device that converts chemical energy contained within its active materials
directly into electric energy by means of an electrochemical oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction.
This type of reaction involves the transfer of electrons from one material to another via an
electric circuit. While the term battery is often used the cell is the actual electrochemical unit
used to generate or store electric energy. In understanding the differences between a cell and a
battery, one should think of a battery as one or more of these cells connected in series, or
parallel, or both, depending on the desired output voltage and capacity.

The basic idea of portable power is nothing new; people have always had ways of making
energy on the move. Even prehistoric humans knew how to burn wood to make fire, which is
another way of producing energy (heat) from chemicals (burning releases energy using a
chemical reaction called combustion). By the time of the Industrial Revolution (in the 18th and
19th centuries), we'd mastered the art of burning lumps of coal to make power, so fueling things

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like steam locomotives. But it can take an hour to gather enough wood to cook a meal, and a
locomotive's boiler typically takes several hours to get hot enough to make steam. Batteries, by
contrast, give us instant, portable energy; turn the key in your electric car and it leaps to life in
seconds!
A lithium-ion battery or Li-ion battery (abbreviated as LIB) is a type of rechargeable
battery in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during
discharge and back when charging. Li-ion batteries use an intercalated lithium compound as one
electrode material, compared to the metallic lithium used in a non-rechargeable lithium battery.
The electrolyte, which allows for ionic movement, and the two electrodes are the constituent
components of a lithium-ion battery cell.
Lithium-ion batteries are common in home electronics. They are one of the most popular
types of rechargeable batteries for portable electronics, with a high energy density, tiny memory
effect and low self-discharge. Beyond consumer electronics, LIBs are also growing in popularity
for military, battery electric vehicle and aerospace applications. For example, lithium-ion
batteries are becoming a common replacement for the lead–acid batteries that have been used
historically for golf carts and utility vehicles. Instead of heavy lead plates and acid electrolyte,
the trend is to use lightweight lithium-ion battery packs that can provide the same voltage as
lead-acid batteries, so no modification to the vehicle's drive system is required.

5. Definition lenses

The lens is a clear object bounded by two curved area. Two curved area that limits
cylindrical lens or a ball. Cylindrical lens is to focus light from distant sources point on a line,
while the lens is spherical curved in all directions to focus light from a distant source at a point.

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 6. Port USB

A USB port is a standard cable connection interface for personal computers and consumer
electronics devices. USB stands for Universal Serial Bus, an industry standard for short-distance
digital data communications. USB ports allow USB devices to be connected to each other with
and transfer digital data over USB cables. They can also supply electric power across the cable to
devices that need it.

7. Cable

Serves as a way to pass the electrical energy from one place to another. The cable may
comprise one or more wires, each of which is generally isolated, so that electric current passing
through the wire was insulated. In addition to the insulation, the cable has a protective sheath to
protect the insulating layer. In accordance with its use, there are two types of cables, the cable for
electrical power supply and cables for transmitting electrical signals. Cables for electrical power
supply used in the fields of electric power, while cable for transmitting electrical signals used in
telecommunications (telephone, telegraph, etc.). Power signal distribution in a series of
telephone cables may only so many millionths of a watt. Both types of these cables are not the
same and each has different characteristics.

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 C. Draw and explain the circuit of elektronik equipmen

In the circuit above illustrate a simple circuit of an LED flashlight. There are a number of
electronic components that must be prepared, such as:
1. Lens
2. 6 lends
3. Switch
4. Trimpot 500 Ohm
5. 1-inch PVC sheath
6. irBattery 3.7 volt li-ion
7. USB port
8. Cable

D. Explain the prinsip work of equipment Elektronic

The work of a string of LED flashlight:

The source of the positive (+) battery will be heading to trimpot 500 ohms useful to give
custody to the LED, forwarded to the scalar function to disconnect or connect (on / off) electrical
current into the LED and headed to the cathode led the anodes led will go to the source of
negative (-) battery. Batrai used for various li-ion battery (battery that can charger) on the back
of the flashlight in flashlight can add usbagar port in the charger.

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 E. Explain the function of equipment electronic

Flashlight is a portable power tool which is a light source to illuminate and battery operated.
Typically the light source is from a small incandescent light bulbs or fluorescent lamps known as
LED lights.
energy sources (ie battery, and an electric switch. The electric current from the battery to the
small bulb at the front end that generates the light controlled by a switch placed between
batteries and bulbs.
Flashlights generally used for:
1. in dark places to light up anything in the vicinity.
2. The flashlight can be used by anyone for example in case of a power failure,
3. to a mechanic,
4. The people who fix the electrical installation,
5. workers in mining,
6. etc.
In the context of the communication, the flashlight can be used to convey the Morse code in the
scouts.

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 CHAPTER 3
Conclusion
based ingredients that I discuss, I draw the following conclusion:
because in flashlights using 6 pieces of led then use trimpot 500 ohms as prisoners
bertujuanuntuk give prisoners the right to the circuit, due to the nature of the trimpot can be
arranged value prisoners, and so the flashlight can be in charge then uses battery li-ion battery as
an energy source.

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 REFERENCES

1. http://ledflashlightbulb.reviewtrend.com/what-are-the-main-advantages-of-led-
flashlights-bulb/
2. http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/light-emitting-diode-LED
3. http://elektronika-dasar.web.id/led-light-emitting-dioda/
4. https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/switch-basics
5. http://blog.unnes.ac.id/antosupri/pengertian-trimpot-dan-fungsinya/
6. http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/power/1-what-are-batteries.html
7. https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-a-battery
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery
9. https://translate.google.com

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