Research

The method of collecting data and information to modify, initiate as well as complete a
specific investment. In this process, the data is collected and analyzed thoroughly in order to
achieve the core objectives of research.

Methods of Research

Basically, there are four types of researches:

 Scientific Research

 Analytical research

 Historical Research

 Experimental Research

Research Process

Various actions and activities required to complete research are known as research process. In
this process, each step is taken carefully to compete the comprehensive research project.
Basically, seven steps are involved in this process:

 Identify the problem and research objectives

 Literature Review

 Formulation of Hypothesis

 Making the Research Design

 Data Collection

 Data Analysis

 Interpretation and Report Writing

Identification of problem
In the first step of research process, core problem of the research is analyzed. In this step,
nature of particular issues and association among diverse variables are explained. The core
objective of this step is to explain why research is going to be conducted. Complete
understanding of issue and paraphrasing in meaningful content are two steps included in
comprehending research problem.

The core objective of the research is also analyzed in order to conduct research significantly.
A primary objective of the study has some secondary objectives.

Literature Review
After identification of the problem, the previous data regarding selected topic is analyzed.
Main sources of information used for literature analysis are books, articles, newspapers and
reports. In this step, majority of previous knowledge is analyzed comprehensively.

Formulation of Hypothesis
A tentative supposition made for purpose of drawing and testing its logical and empirical
results is known as hypothesis. There are two types of hypothesis that are null hypothesis and
alternative hypotheses. These must be precise and limited to research

Research Design
The development of research plan in order to complete the research is known as research
design. The process of data collection, procedure of analysis, interpretation of data and
summarizing all finding to make comprehensive report are decided in this step. This is
considered essential aspect of the process. There are two types of research that are qualitative
research and quantitative research. Qualitative Research includes exploratory research.
Quantitative Research includes descriptive and casual research.
Data collection
After preparing research design, the research must select appropriate method of data
collection. There are two types of data collection methods that include primary sources and
secondary sources. Primary Data includes surveys, observations, questionnaire, experiments
and Secondary Data includes Internet, books, and magazines.

Data analysis
This is considered most essential aspect in research process. After collection of data, data is:

 Coded

 Edited

 Transcribed

 Corrected Validated

Uni/multivariate techniques are utilized. Each part of this aspect is essential as whole report is
based on these results. The decision maker uses this important to make further decisions.

Interpretation of data
Results are organized and interpreted in order to make comprehensive report. It assists to
investigate the implications of the research. Findings are reflected according to existing
literature. It contains findings, conclusions, recommendations and further research.

Final report
Findings are presented according to objectives. Final report is submitted for approval and
publication. Through this report, the decision makers can make decisions. It contains:

 Preliminary pages

 The main text

 The end