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Abstract — From the mid-1960s, telecommunication services are used to provide by satellite. Later significant expansions available in the
public and private sector which provide payload, transmission, and antenna and launch capabilities. Satellite television and global
positioning system (GPS) navigation are now become new form of mobile communication in satellite communication. For the use of
communication in maritime sector the Mobile-satellite services being used from the start of the 1980s. Aeronautical, personal
communication and land mobile services are the frequent use of mobile satellite communication.
Index Terms— International Telecommunication Union (ITU), European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Geostationary
satellite (GEO), Global System for Mobile (GSM), Geo mobile radio (GMR), Low earth orbiting (LEO), Local Area Network (LAN), Terrestrial
wireless communication.
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1 INTRODUCTION
IJSTR©2012
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, VOL 1, ISSUE 1
Into three classes the network design can be explained: viability. Mobile communication system in satellite this
feature is a very significant characteristic [3].
i. User segment
ii. Ground segment and 2.3 The Space Segment
iii. Space segment. The users network and gateways connectivity are provided by
the space segment. Most recent types of satellites are capable
Following are the design principles for mobile communication to undeviating links between users and the space segment.
satellite systems: More constellations of satellites are now part of this through a
connected set of orbital. Precise orbital form for each satellite
2.1 The User Segment collections and hybrid satellite assemblages deploy in these
Several terminals are consists in the User segment of mobile segment. ELLIPSO network which delivers in equatorial
satellite communication system. It embraces of user terminal section and elliptical orbits to concealment Northern Province.
units. Operational environment and application are highly It present a quantified certain quality of service (QoS) for an
associated with it. Those terminals are also can be alienated anticipated province of exposure the special of a space sector’s
into two modules. Mobile terminals offer full flexibility orbital constraints is resolute in initial phase. To deliver
throughout the procedure. It is separated within two classes: incessant global coverage carefully designed satellite
constellation needed. Mechanical and marketable chucks of
a) Mobile group terminals and the network also have to take into account for a successful
b) Mobile personal terminals launch of mobile satellite communication.
Palm-top devices and hand-held are also the same as Mobile In the space segment different networks are united. Both time
personal terminals. On board mobile platform like car is the and space it can be shared in the non-geo stationary satellite
example of other mobile personal terminal. Ship, cruise liner, systems. Satellite distribution properties between diverse
train, bus or aircraft on board mobile facilities for a communal systems situated inside a mutual section at diverse times are
conveyance are served by Mobile group. These are group referred as time sharing. In geostationary satellite system this
usage systems which enable a cluster of user to participate in type of sharing is also relevant. In contrast, the allocation of
this service. satellite properties between diverse networks situated in
altered provinces is known as space sharing. Incessant
Portable terminals are another form of terminal present in exposure over a specific zone is not assured by time or space
Mobile communication satellite system. For briefcase user or sharing [3].
lap-top user these portable terminals are most often used for.
In the unsustainable mode of procedure these terminals are 3 OPERATIONAL FREQUENCY
quite able to transport information from one site to another
There is a range of a frequency band in Mobile satellite system
[3].
reliant on the type of services accessible. For mobile satellite
system the ITU assigned spectrum in the L/ S bands. Because
2.2 The Ground Segment of the series of services and systems amplified for the mandate
Backhaul and control function in the C- band and the link for BW has enlarged in a better assortment of operational
function in the T-band are the sub division of the ground occurrences. The range is now prolonged from range of VHF
segment. For each spacecraft there is one SCF and NCC. SCF to Ka band and ultimately straight onto the V band [2].
stands for satellite control facility and a NCC stands for
network control center. The complete control and 4 TRAFFIC CHANNELS
administration of the system including source supervision call
setup and tear down, call detail records, and billing support. Traffic channels for mobile-satellite networks vary
significantly with data rate. Like terrestrial equivalent it
National service providers (NSl's) accomplish the subsection embraces a parallel channel structure. This is predominantly
of system properties as assigned by the NCC and it also imperative when seeing integration between the particular
wrought the regional gateways. Local interface and billing for networks. Geo mobile radio (GMR) specified the subsequent
the system users are provided by these gateways which also reflects the channels suggested by ETSI [2]:
provide user and wired infrastructure connectivity like PSTN,
private network and public land mobile network. Mobile, At the rate of data 24 kbps : Satellite full-rate traffic
fixed terminals handheld devices are the part of the user channel (S-TCH/F)
segment. Data, digital voice and fax service also included in At the rate of data 12 kbps : Satellite half-rate traffic
these terminals. channel (S-TCH/H)
At the rate of data 6 kbps : Satellite quarter-rate
No change required to the space segment as the system is traffic channel (S-TCH/Q)
based on GSM at the physical layer and as it is backing GPRS At the rate of data 3 kbps : Satellite eighth-rate
and EDGE enabled service which proofs its forthcoming traffic channel (S-TCH/E)
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, VOL 1, ISSUE 1
5 ORBITAL TYPES as MSK, GMSK and other continues phase modulations. Their
benefit stems in part from the fact that the phase transitions
There are different types of orbit used for Mobile
between symbols are not impulsive but continues. These new
communication. Orbital types are branded in satellites in
techniques will find increased use in wireless and satellite
significant amount. Mainly there are four types of orbits used
communications applications because of the paucity of
in mobile satellite communication. Amongst them geo-
spectrum [5].
stationary satellites are castoff as the lone base for endowment
of such amenities. The power and antenna gain of
geostationary appearances have amplified over the years, 8 Market Analysis
united with developments in receiver machinery. It has been
conceivable to diminution user’s terminal dimension to a little Mobile communication market for satellite networks now has a
imminent in the variety of device. great opportunity to enter the market. The employment of GSM
as a simulated global standard creates an impact on the perceived
A satellite delivers unvarying exposure to all zones inside its market. At the starting of S-PCN in 1990, there were only 10
antenna track. It does not inevitably malicious that a mobile million cellular subscribers, which now become 50–100 million
station in line-of-sight of the satellite subsequently obstruction world-wide at the end of 2000. Those figures are just less than the
from structures, plants, etc. The degree of geographical total subscriber present in EU. That was happen just because of
coverage is one of the most substantial ideologies in the difficulty the satellite operator’s countenance when
appraising the competence of a mobile network. 100% inconvenient to expect long-term inclination.
geographic coverage in global mobile system is improbable to
ever accomplish and surely not within the first few years of In cellular market GSM is not inimitable in its comprehensive
operation. Shorten signal strength in urban and built up areas attainment. Coexisting with the GSM coverage pattern the
creating communication unbearable in persuaded worldwide mapping of the accessibility of cdmaOne would
circumstances [2]. consequence in a parallel way. Systems like NEW ICO &
GLOBALSTAR seem to entail development on complicated
6 RADIO FREQUENCY technology but it is also vital to echoes user necessities and
market demand. Suppressed number of users and service costs
The system operate at 120.832 Mbit/s and uses coherent
are one of the main concerns of user and service necessities which
QPSK. Thus the symbol rate is 60.416 mega symbols per
have to be admiring at an initial stage of the design procedure.
second and a pre-demodulator noise bandwidth of 72 MHz is
Developments have made in The NEW ECO in service launch
sufficient. It should not, however, be essential to use FEC for
which permitted the mobile internet access to be merged into the
sub-burst which is to be received only at earth stations which
devise.
are close to the center of the down beam footprint or which
have the higher value of G/T required of standard earth
Market analysis is important for a potential new satellite system
stations before 1986. A pseudo-random binary sequence is
for its business perspective. In a system design phase it is used to
added to the modulating signal of all burst, starting at the end
initiate possible satellite traffic features. satellite beam capacity,
of the unique word, to disperse strong lines in the emission
channels availability, power supplies and required EIRP/channel
spectrum that are due to repetitive sequence in the bit pattern
all of those required traffic measurement is done by system
when the multiplex is lightly loaded, and thus to ensure that
engineers to make sure the traffic prediction model is up to date.
the mandatory limits on the downlink PFD are not exceeded
Each satellite change their coverage area in relation to the Earth in
[2].
the instance of non-geostationary satellites, so for the traffic areas
for smaller traffic perceived by a satellite will revolution
7 Modulation Techniques unremittingly as it exceed over those regions.
Spectral efficiency is defined as the minimum spectral content Market forecast studies regulate the needs of spectral obligatory
of a signal which gives adequate bit error rates and in to withstand claim for a precise service group. By sectoring the
addition, signal formats which reduce the out-of-band market into particular terminal/user types this can be attained
interference allowing closer channel packing and reduced from which related bit rates and services can be realistic. Personal
inter symbol interference. The classical formats like PSK and communication networks for satellite have the difficulty of
QPSK are still popular and will continue to be used. But on the extremely reliant on the triumph or collapse of other mobile
downside, they provide out-of-band interference because of communications engineering. Contest with other counterpart is
their spectral side lobes. In practice, these are suppressed by not practicable for satellite. For filling the gaps in coverage
filtering, but filtering takes away their constant envelope satellites play a balancing role. It depends on the construction of
attribute. In fact, the envelope goes to zero when there are 180 terrestrial mobile networks which determined the impact of this
degree phase transitions between the date bits. This therefore complementary role. The establishment of terrestrial networks
requires the use of linear amplifiers, in lieu of the more depends on stability of a satellite system takes to travel from
efficient nonlinear power amplifiers. Some of the advanced preliminary stage to realism. A precise market forecast shared
modulation techniques are able to alleviate some of the with a satellite execution program is a need for assemble the
previously cited problems by using modulation schemes such
IJSTR©2012
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, VOL 1, ISSUE 1
markets recognized in a price which allow a lucrative service to Secure funding: Adequate finance is desirable to perceive the
be transmit [3]. project through to accomplishment.
In region where population density is low or where economics For land mobile satellite services, for countryside and distant
dictate, wire line service is not economically viable; space services S-UMTS will largely provide region in order to balance
based wireless services will arrive faster and at much less cost. T-UMTS. Office workers supported at pastoral or isolated
These gaps may be filled in and may even become the main regions, intercontinental industry trekker travelling one region to
source of communication in the region. In particularly, this other of the planet exclusive of UMTS sort of service exposure,
may include many parts of Africa, Asia, and South America trade automobile, including Lorrie’s and trucks, and personal
[4]. cars operating in distant regions are the target user for this type of
service [2].
8.2 Fundamentals of Success
8.4 Recommendation
Defining success in the context of mobile communication satellite
systems is a commercially feasible enterprise that, by insinuation, The satellite market is fairly unpretentious compare to the
makes money for its investors and related stakeholders. For terrestrial mobile market. Furthermore, the customer
successful systems there are some elements which can make the foundation is fabricated over a number of years rather by
system more feasible for success: immediately obtained market share. So there is no different
between the terrestrial and satellite system in this scenario.
Market Consideration: We have to consider the market in the But, there is a difference in the time that the particular
background of the service to be accessible including the type and networks have been accessible to the wide-range of
volume of users projected to subscribe to the services. The target community. Many of us at the moment would be pleased by
market should be understood and analyzed well that it can turn using a mobile-satellite phone though satellite-PCN way
into a viable system in every aspect. ahead on terrestrial networks. Nevertheless In realism the
circumstances are very unusual. Well recognized terrestrial
Compact commercial strategy: For gaining the required mobile networks are now offering a range of products that
assistance a properly measured business case is needed. The costume a large amount of people’s needs. Due to
menu of services to be obtainable, predictable price to be changed demographic or financial reflection there are still some places
for those services, rate of system expansion and positioning, and available where mobile networks are not there which propose
accurate time-to-market program would include in the system. stimulating market opening for new exclusive machinery.
IJSTR©2012
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, VOL 1, ISSUE 1
In those cases, there are few facts of enough market stipulate communication Dr. Rob Donnan for his guidance and
to bear 2 G resembling services through satellite. The entire encouragement. Also want to thanks my mom and dad for
major satellite PCN operator experienced the economic their endless support and inspiration.
difficulties at the beginning. The opening of 3G technologies
offer the chance to distribute a huge exclusive choice of REFERENCES
applications and services generate a bunch of new markets,
[1] National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), History
present the upcoming market prospect for satellite service
Division, COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES SHORT HISTORY,
provider.
Mobile services, Web Site:
http://history.nasa.gov/satcomhistory.html (2012) (Research report)
In this situation satellite communication are more capable to
[2] Ray E. Sheriff and Y. Fun Hu. (2001). Mobile Satellite Communication
emerge despite all the factors. NEW ECO, ELLIPSO and
Networks, John Wiley & Sons Ltd (Book)
INMARSAT satellites are ingoing the UMTS/IMT-2000
[3] Jespersen, N.V, “Satellite based cellular Communication”, IEEE
markets at the similar time as their counterpart. At the first
Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, Volume 1, Issue: 2, Jun
few years it may happen that there may have some gap in
2000; 38-43. (IEEE paper)
coverage area and possible to be slow in the some early years
[4] Stephan C. Pascall and David J. Withers, (1997), “Commercial
for TUMTS/IMT-2000. For satellite network this state is
Satellite Communication”, Butterworth- Heinemann. (Published
perfectly matched to the comprehensive exposure accessible
research report)
by a satellite network. To institute the services for mobile
[5] Bruno Pattan, (1998), “Satellite-Based Cellular Communications”,
based satellite as a feasible substitute to their counterpart’s
MacGraw-Hill Telecommunications. (Book)
only time will confirm us that satellite operators are capable to
utilize this prospective or not [2].
9 Conclusion
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In this occasion I like to thank my respected faculty of satellite
IJSTR©2012