CHAPTER – V

PROFILE OF KOPPAL DISTRICT

5.1 Introduction:

Karnataka state has beendivided in four divisions. They are Bombay or

Mumbai Karnataka, Mysore Karnataka, Goa Karnataka and Hyderabad

Karnataka.

Hyderabad Karnataka is including six districts in it; they are Bidar,

Gulbarga, Raichur, Bellary, Koppal, and Yadgir. Koppal is the 5th district in

Hyderabad Karnataka and having 132nd Rank in the State. But, prior to 1997

Koppal District was included in Raichur district. But, after 1997 the Koppal

District was divided from Raichur District. Because, for the main two reasons:

1) Firstly, because the District Head Quarters was being too far from various

villages and the expenses for visiting them to district headquarters.

2) Secondly, for the people of villagers of 200 Kilometers from district

headquarters it was not possible to visit to government departments and return

to their villages in a day.

Therefore, for the above said reasons Koppal was divided from the

Raichur District in the year 1997.

5.2 Koppal District Economic Profile:

District Administrative Head Quarters is Koppal having four taluks (1)

Gangavati, (2) Koppal, (3) Kushtagi, and (4) Yalaburga as Revenue Centers.

Total geographic area of District is 7,190 Sq.km Total Population of District is

13, 89,920 in which male population is 6, 99,926 and female population is 6,

89,994. The district is having density of 250 persons per square kilometer.

Proportionate of gender difference is 986 females compared to men. Total

literacy rate is 68.09% in which male literacy is 78.21% and female is 56.22%.

District is having only River Tungabhadra from which the Gangavati taluk is

having highest water utilization facility from Tungabhadra Dam and Koppal

taluk is having about 30% water utilization facility from the River but other two

taluk Kushtagi and Yalaburga are not having any irrigation facility from the

River.

MAP 5.2
KOPPAL DISTRICT
 MAP 5.3

GANGAVATI TALUK
 MAP 5.4
KOPPAL TALUK
MAP 5.5
KUSTAGI TALUK
 MAP 5.6
YELABURGA TALUK
5.3 History of Koppal District

The district, named after the headquarters town Koppal is a prehistoric place.
The entire territory of land on the banks of the river Tungabhadra here is
identified with Kishkindha, the kingdom of Vanara‟s. According to Jaina
Ramayana, the city of Kishkandha was founded by Srikantha Kumara, the
brother-in-law of Dhavala Kirti. It was while roaming about this part of the
country during his refugee, Rama approached by Hanumantha. Kishkindha
Kaanda, a section of the epic Ramayana, narrates the events and episodes that
took place in this territory of land during those legendary days. In
Mahabharata, Sahadeva, who led the voyage to the south on the Rajasuya
yagya performed by Yudhisthira, is said to have encamped for some time on the
Kishkindha hill where the Vanara chiefs Sushena and Vrishasena made friends
with him. These legendary references apart, archaeological evidences have
amply demonstrated that this area has been the abode of man since very early
times. The district abounds in pre-historic sites. The legendary accounts
together with these artifacts testify to the great antiquity of the area in this
district.

The administrative history of the district reveals that till 1905, the Raichur
doab region consisted of two districts: Raichur and Lingsugur. The former
consisted of the taluks of Raichur, Yadgir, Yergera, Devadurg, Manvi, Alampur,
and Gadwal while Lingsugur district consisted of the taluks of Lingsugur,
Kushtagi, Gangawati, Sindhanur, Shahpur, and Shorapur. The taluks of
Koppal and Yelburga constituted a separate Jagir district. In 1905, Lingsugur
district was abolished and all its taluks were transferred to Raichur district. At
the same time, the taluk of Shahpur, Shorapur, and Yadgir were transferred to
Gulbarga district, and the villages of Yergera taluk were distributed among
Raichur, Manvi, and Devadurg. The abolition of Jagirs in 1949 resulted in the
conversion of Koppal and Yelburga into regular taluks of Raichur district. In
1956, Gadwal and Alampur were transferred to Andhra Pradesh. Thus at the
time of its accession to Mysore State, the district consisted of nine taluks and
this position has remained intact since then. During 2001 Census, the district
was further divided into two districts. Out of nine taluks, four taluks namely,
Kushtagi, Gangawati, Yelburga, and Koppal were separated to form a new
district by name Koppal.1

MAP 5.7
MOTIF

PRE-HISTORIC SITE

5.4 Archaeology

This site is situated in a thick forest on the higher levels of a hill at

Hirebenkal village, 10 km. away from Gangawati taluk. Closely to the east of
the monument is a natural tank. Each monument originally consisted of ricked
slabs, four for the sides and one each for the top and the bottom. No mortar
has been used, but each slab is so arranged as to act as support for the other.
Cubic in form, the dolmens vary in size, some of them measuring about 9ft
each way. The slabs are about 6 inches thick and appear to have been obtained
by splitting rocks with the help of fire. Usually there is a circular or

1Census of India 2011 Karnataka Series-30 Part XII-A District Census Hand Book Koppel;
Village and Town Directory, Directorate of Census Operations Karnataka
semicircular hole in one of the side slabs, the purpose of which is not known.
The dolmens stand on the rocks and the remains of the dead, along with a few
pieces of pottery are found deposited beneath the bottom slab.
Source-Archaeological Survey of India

The district has been the abode of man since very early times. The
district has few sites of prehistoric remains unearthing prehistoric culture.
These sites are located at Gangawati and Koppal taluks. The district is also
famous from epigraphical point of view. Inscriptions in different languages like
Sanskrit, Prakrit, Kannada, Arabic, and Persian belonging to almost all the
dynasties that ruled over the Deccan were found in the district. Especially the
Ashokan edicts of a different version, discovered at Gavimatha and Palkigundu
hills, near Koppal are worth mentioning. Archaeological Survey of India
protects these discoveries. To the west of Palkigundu, there is a hillock called
the Mali Mallappa hill where number of dolmens was found on top of the hill.
Some of these dolmens, which are locally called „Moriyara-angadi‟, were found
intact while others are disturbed. As dolmens are generally found at the foot of
the hill, their existence on top of the hills is perhaps considered rather
unusual. Other most important architectural remains of the district are the
temples at Kuknur and Itagi in Yelburga taluk. These temples contain some
excellent specimens representing the later phase of the Chalukyan
architecture. This paved the way for the emergence of Hoysala School of
architecture and it is believed that these developments must have flourished
around 1000 A.D. and 1300 A.D. The temples of Kuknur bare the earliest
example of depicting the initial character of the movement as well as the
transition between „early‟ Chalukyan and „later‟ Chalukyan type. Of the temples
found in the taluks, the oldest structure is called the Navalinga group. It
consists of a cluster of mine cells connected with one another by mantapas.
The structure resembles the ramparts of a fort. The temple at Kalleshvara is
another example of Chalukyan architecture. This structure is said to be similar
to the Navalinga shrine. Another important archaeological interest is the
Mahadeva temple at Itagi. A mediaeval Kannada inscription in the temple
states that, Mahadeva, a General of the western Chalukyan
kingTribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI, constructed the temple during 1112
A.D. This temple is said to be one of the best in the country both in its
magnificent architecture style and luxuriant decorative detail. This temple is a
protected monument and is managed by the Archaeological Survey of India.
The fort at Koppal is another interesting monument of historical importance. It
is said that this fort was acquired by Tipu Sultan in 1786 A.D. from a
Paleyagar and with the help of French engineers he rebuilt it into one of the
strongest fort in the region. The fortification consists of two forts and is
situated on a lofty and isolated hill, which is about 400 feet above the plains.
Its strength lies mainly in its inaccessibility except by a flight of very crude and
rough steps, which are in some places extremely narrow and dangerous.
Amongst the other archaeological remains, it is worth mentioning about the
remains of some magnificent buildings of the Vijayanagara days that are still
traceable at Anegundi. Fine specimens of the contemporary work can be seen
on the pillars of the Oncha-Appa Matha and in the sculptural details of the
Ganesha temple. There are also some fresco paintings, belonging to the early
Rajput style on the ceiling of the matha.

5.5 Brief description on places of religious, historical and Tourist

importance:
Anegundi (Gangawathi taluk): Being identified as a part of Kishkindha, the
capital of Vanara Kingdom mentioned in Ramayana, this ranks among the
most ancient place in the district. Anegundi literally means the “Elephant pit”
and place got its name, because the Vijayanagar emperors used by to keep
their war elephants at this place. There are remains of some magnificent
building of the Vijayanagara times. Oncha Appa Matha here has beautifully
carved pillars of jet black basalt and some good painting on the ceiling. The
Pampa Sarovara, Kamal Mahal, and Nava Brindavana (which has Samadhis of
some saints) are situated nearby. An old fort and the old temples of
Ranganatha and Jayalakshmi are also of considerable interest.
Benkal (Gangawati Taluk): This is a site of prehistoric culture consisting of
dolmens, cromlechs, remains of an iron smelting factory and some paintings.
Dolmens here are of special interest being cubic in form and made out of six
stone slabs, each acting as support for other.

Kanakagiri (Gangawati Taluk): Known as Swarnagiri in former days, this

place was probably the headquarters of the Southern Vice royalty of the
Mauryan Empire. During the Vijayanagara period, this was the chief town of
principality of Beda Rajas founded by Parasappa Nayaka. These rajas have
built several temples of which the Kanakachalapathi temple is a large one. This
has spacious halls and massive pillars and is a fine specimen of South Indian
architecture of Vijayanagara times.

Pura (Kushtagi Taluk): This place is noted for the fine and spacious temple of
Someshwara, which has Koti lingas. Annual Jatra is held during Shravana.

Kuknoor (Yelaburga Taluk): The Sthala Purana identifies this village with
Kuntalapura connected with Chandrahasa of the Mahabharata days. Being as
important places from the ancient days, the village contains the remains of the
later Chalukyan buildings (8th to 13th century A.D.). The group of temples
known as Navalinga group represents early Chalukyan art. Kalleshwara temple
is a fine structure of the Chalukyan period and is in a good condition. Many
inscriptions have been found in the temples of this place. From religious view
point, the temple of Mahamaya is the most important one. Kuknur was an
important centre of Shakta sect during the 12th century A.D. This was a major
agrahara and the headquarters of a small regime called Kuknur. The
inscriptional evidence indicates that this village contained a few Jain and
Veerashaiva temples also.

Itagi (Yelaburga Taluk): This place is famous for the Mahadeva temple, which
is one of the finest specimens of the later Chalukyan architecture. The pillared
hall seems to have been supported originally by 68 pillars of which 26 were
large. Inscription in medieval Kannada verse set up in a hall adjacent to the
temple states that the temple was built in 1112 A.D. by Mahadeva, a general of
Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI of It age western Chalukyan dynasty and
praises the temple as Devalaya Chakravarti (emperor among the temples).

Yelaburga: Yelaburga is a place of some historical interest, formerly known as

Erambargi or Yerambarge. In ancient days it was the capital of the Sinda chiefs.
However the town does not have any interesting relics of its past glory.

Kushtagi: Kushtagi is a noted commercial centre and the place is known for
the largely attended fair held in honour of Advieswari.

Gangawati: Gangawati is also known as Neelavati in ancient days. Anegundi, a

place of historical interest is situated quite close to this town. Ever since the
Tungabhadra Reservoir Project was commissioned, Gangawati gained
importance as it became the centre of developmental activities and has an
agricultural research station.

Koppal: Koppal was known as Kopananagara in the ancient and mediaeval

historical periods and was an important Jaina centre. This was the capital of
the Silaharasa and also known to have been patronised by the Gangas of
Talkad who professed the Jain faith and later on by the Chalukyas of Kalyana.
Numerous inscriptions and Muslim chronicles abound in reference to this
place. In the famous Kannada work, Kavirajamarga, this place is referred to as
ViditaMahaKoranaNegaraand in certain other records, it has been called Adi-
tirtha and Mana-tirtha testifying to the sanctity associated with it. This town is
reported to have contained as many as 772 Jain basadis and 24 Jaina
Sanghas.

Ashokan edicts have also been discovered here. The town is located at
the foot of a rocky and fortified hill. The hill ranges close to the town have
spurs, locally known by such names as Palakigundu, Gavimatha, Bahadur
Bande, etc., and there is a hillock called Mali- Mallappana Betta. On the top of
Mali-mallappana-betta, there are several dolmens. The fields between
Palakigundu and Mali-mallappana-betta are known as Pandavara Vathara.
Gavimatha contains four caves and a modern temple. One of the Ashokan
edicts is on the Palakigundu and the other is on the Gavimatha spur. The fort
is an important object of historical interest. Though it is not clear when it was
built first, it is known that it wasacquired in 1786 A.D. by Tipu Sultan and was
got completely rebuilt with the help of French engineers. Thereafter the fort
became one of the strongest forts of his time. In 1790, when the British and the
Nizam besieged it, the fort withstood the European artillery attack for six
months and remained impregnable. Koppal finally capitulated not because of
the might of the attacking forces but because of the news about the occupation
of Bangalore by the British, which was received at this juncture. During 1855,
Bhima Rao Nadagudda took possession of Koppal and occupied it is for a brief
period. Along with his accomplices he was finally killed during the battle that
ensued. The fortification here consists of two parts. The upper fort is situated
on a lofty and almost isolated summit in a gorge on the eastern side of a
cluster of rocky hills.

MAP 5.8
TUNGABHADRA DAM

5.6 Munirabad Project Area:

 Munirabad Project Area is a new township, which emerge when the work
relating to the Tungabhadra Reservoir Project was taken up during the latter
half of the 1940‟s. The Left Bank Canal starts from a place nearby. On the
completion of the project work the major portion of the working force deserted
the place and the township has now only the maintenance staff associated with
the project. This neighborhood is humming with industrial activity and there is
sugar factory as well. As Japanese style ornamental garden laid out here is an
added attraction for the tourist who would have a fascinating view of the vast
sheet of water stored in the Tungabhadra reservoir.

5.7 Trade and Commerce

Though Koppal was rich in trade and commerce, indigenous banking

business however did not thrive well. Not much can be said about the banking
facilities except Chavani Fakirappa Fund which existed many decades ago in
the then undivided Raichur and played an important role in the district. This
fund is said to have laid the foundation for modern banking practice in the
district. It was during the late 50‟s and early 60‟s, many prominent institutions
set their foot in the district. Banks like State Bank of Hyderabad, Syndicate
Bank, etc., are some of the banks that started their business in the district.
Today as per statistics, the district has 54 commercial banks, 42 Grameen
Banks, 5 Urban Co-operative Banks, 14 other co-operative banks, and 4
Primary Land Development Banks. Unlike other districts, the co-operative
movementgained importance in the then undivided Raichur districtin the year
1919. After a setback during the world wars, the co-operative movement gained
momentum during thesuccessive five year plans. As on today there are 554
Cooperative societies in the district, functioning in differentfields namely,
agriculture, milk, and other societies. Apartfrom these societies, trade centers
also came up in thedistrict. The development of trade centersresulted insetting
up of general market. These markets in turn helped the growth of regulated
markets. The main purpose of establishing regulated markets is to ensure that
the agriculturists obtain better price, proper weighing of their produce and
relief from middle men/commission agents, whoused to collect additional
fee/charges. As on today, there are four main markets supported by 13 sub
markets and the total turnovers of these markets are about 1023.23 Core‟s.2

5.8 Urban local bodies

The statutory urban local bodies are the Municipal Corporation and
Municipal Councils. These urban local bodies elect Councilors / Corporate‟s
from each ward and the tenure of the Councilors/Corporate‟s would be for five
years. The President or Vice-President of the Municipal Council and the
Mayor/Deputy Mayor of the Corporation whose tenure will be for a period of
one year are elected from among the elected Councilors/Corporate‟s. The
Chairman of various committees is elected from among the elected Councilors
for a term of one year. The Chief Officer in Municipal Council and the
Commissioner in a City Corporation is responsible for day to day
administration and the executive authority is vested with them.

5.9 Zilla Panchayat and Taluk Panchayat

To promote the development of institution and secure greater measure of

participation by the people in the local and Governmental affairs by
decentralization of power and functions for the purpose of development,
planning, and implementation of various programs thereof, ZillaPanchayats
have been constituted in the State. The jurisdiction of Zilla Panchayat is
coterminous with that of the corresponding district but excludes the statutory
towns. Accordingly, Zilla Panchayat has been constituted for thedistrict, and its
jurisdiction extends over the TalukPanchayats of the district. The jurisdiction
of each TalukPanchayat is coterminous with that of the taluk of the same
name but excludes the area incorporated in the statutory towns or cities, if
any. The Zilla Panchayat elects its Presidents and Vice-President and
Chairman of its committees from amongst the elected members. The term of

2
Census of India 2011 Karnataka Series-30 Part XII-A District Census Hand Book Koppel;
Village, and Town Directory Directorate of Census Operations Karnataka P-11
these elected representatives will be for five years. An IAS Officer is posted by
the State Government as Chief Executive Officer of the Zilla Panchayat. Various
departments assist the Panchayat.

5.10 Gram Panchayats

The Government of Karnataka enacted the Karnataka Panchayat Raj Act

1993 on 30.4.1993 replacing its previous enactment in this regard for the
formation of GramPanchayat. The Gram Panchayat is authorized to function on
the items listed in Schedule I of the Act namely, preparation of annual plans
for the development of Panchayat area, Preparation of annual budget, providing
reliefs in natural calamities, removal of encroachments on public properties,
organizing voluntary labour and contribution for community works,
maintenance of essential statistics of the village, in addition to matters relating
to Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Social and Farm Forestry, Khadi,
Village and cottage Industries, Rural Housing, Drinking water, Roads, etc.,
Rural Electrification, Nonconventional energy sources, Poverty Alleviation
Programmes, Markets and Fairs, Rural Sanitation, Public Health and Family
Welfare, Women and Child Development, Social Welfare, Welfare of Weaker
Sections, Public Distribution System, Maintenance of Community assets,
Construction and Maintenance of Dharmashalas, Chatras, Cattle Sheds,
Ponds, Cart Stands, Slaughter Houses, Public Parks, Play Grounds, etc.,
regulation of manure pits in public places and establishment and control of
shanties,such other functions as may be entrusted. The Gram Panchayat is
also empowered to make provisions for carrying out within its area any other
work or measure which is likely to promote the health, safety, education,
comfort, convenience or social or economic wellbeing of the inhabitants of the
Panchayat area.

5.11 Geographical Area Description of Koppal District:

 Koppal District is having 2.90 per cent Geographical Area of total
Karnataka. Contribution of population of Koppal District is 2.13 in State.
Geographically Koppal is on 18th place in the State. It is having 24th place in
state for population. In view of population Koppal District is the 4th smallest
district in the State. It comes lastly after Bangalore Urban, Udupi and Kodagu
respectively.

Table 5.1

Talukwise Area

Sl.No. Taluk Geographical Area Population as 1997

in Sq.KM's. in Lakhs

1. Kushtagi 1366 1,89,897

2. Koppal 1375 2,51,713

3. Gangavati 1328 3,20,394

4. Yelaburga 1490 1,96,080

Total 5559 9,58,078

Source:T.R Chandrashekhar. “Koppal District Development Study,” Published bythe Director,
Prasaranga, Kannada University Hampi-Vidyaranya 1999 P.26

Figure: 5.1

Talukwise Area
 360000 320394 Geographical Area
in Sq.K.Ms.
320000

280000 251713 Population as

1997 in Lakhs
240000 196080
189897
200000
160000
120000
80000

40000 1366 1375 1328 1490

0
Kushtagi Koppal Gangavati Yalaburga

Total geographical area of Karnataka State is 1.91.790 Sq. Km. presently

30 districts are there and average area of all districts is 7103.33 Sq. Kms.
Koppal is having lesser average area. 11 districts in the State are having more
than average geographical area; remaining 16 districts are having lesser than
average area. The average geographical area of newly established 7 districts in
the State is 5302 Sq. Km. Gulbarga, Belgaum, Tumkur, Bijapur and North
Kannada districts are having greater average geographical areas in the State.
Koppal is the 4th greater district for population and also in it is 4th smallest
district. In view of the population in the state it is16.66 lakhs and in 20
districts it is less than average population. The population of Koppal district is
9.58 lakhs, population of 7 districts is higher than average population in the
State. Bangalore Urban district is considered as a different. In view of
population Belgaum, Gulbarga and Tumkur are the greater districts in the
State.

5.12 Climate:
 Koppal is the one of the district in Hyderabad Karnataka districts. It has
been considered as representing district of Hyderabad Karnataka area. 70 per
cent of the population is depending upon the agriculture. Agriculture is
depended on Monsoon. Therefore, the people are having work for 6 months and
not having work for another 6 months. So also the Koppal district is having hot
atmosphere, due to the hot atmosphere the people feeling lazy early. Therefore,
the atmosphere is not in favour of functioning.

5.13 Minerals:

Koppal being fifth district in Hyderabad Karnataka and it is very poor

and backward districts in minerals. Because the Koppal district is not having
any minerals also in its taluk places of Kushtagi, Koppal, Gangavati, Yelaburga
are not having any mineral wealth like Gold, Diamond, Silver, Bronze, Coal,
Petroleum, Aluminium or Iron and Steel. The only available mineral in the
Koppal District is the Granite (Blackstone); it is available in Kushtagi,
Yelaburga, Kukanoor village and Sri Gujjeshwar Math only. Hence the Koppal
district is a backward district for minerals.

5.14 Forest:

In Karnataka State the Raichur district was considered as the district

having lowest forest. But, from 1997 August 15 after being separated from
Raichur district the Koppal district considered as the district having very
lowest forest in the State of Karnataka. Koppal is having only area of 29451
hectares of forest. It is stated that, minimum 1.33 per cent should be a forest
area in hot zone. The average forest area of Karnataka State is 16.07 per cent,
Koppal district is not having 1/3rd average forest in the State. In this aspect
neither the District Administration nor Zilla Panchayat seems have not thought
seriously. Forest area of Koppal district is very low. But, hindrance in this
aspect is that, the distribution of forest area for all taluks is very poor.

Table 5.2
 Talukwise Forest Area in Koppal District

Sl.No. Taluk Forest

1. Gangavati 49.17%

2. Koppal 36.60%

3. Kushtagi 13.95%

4. Yelaburga 0.5%

Total 29451
Source: T.R Chandrashekhar “Koppal District Development Study”, Published by- the Director,
Prasaranga, Kannada University Hampi-Vidyaranya. 1999. P.85

It has become necessary to take forest development programmes in

Koppal District. It is proper to take up the said programme in the district under
employment guarantee scheme. There is total 100.522 hectares of barren land
in the district. 25 per cent of area will became forest area in the district if
totally developed. Koppal Zilla Panchayat has to think about development. The
investments can be taken by private sectors for development of forest in the
Koppal District. State Planning Committee Vice-President Dr. D.M.
Nanjundappa opined that, the Zilla Panchayat to active its resource system of
procurement can collect the funds from rich farmers and private sectors. For
the developmental programme of forest the funds can be attracted from private
sectors and foreign companies. The said programme can be utilised for
providing employment to agricultural labours. Koppal Zilla Panchayat may
think properly in this aspect. These programmes can be made a profitable
industry.

5.15 Koppal District Environment Revolution:

 Environmental Revolution was considered as habits of rich men. It is
identified only as Water Pollution, Air Pollution. So, it does not involved by the
common man. Environment Revolution shall be involved by the downtrodden
people of the society. Environmental Revolution regarding Koppal District
should be a programme of development of forest and through the said
programme 1.92 lakh agricultural labours may have to be provided
employment. Then only it will become a popular Environmental Revolution.
Yelaburga taluk in Koppal District has to provide priority, because the
Yelaburga taluk is having only 0.5 per cent forest. Therefore, it is very
necessary develop the forest for keep good environment.

5.16 Irrigation:

Koppal district is the fifth district in Hyderabad Karnataka. It was well

developed in irrigation system though it was a backward district in all other
amenities. It is having irrigation facility from Gangavati taluk. In entire State
Gangavati taluk is having highest irrigation system; it has 55.56 per cent of
irrigation in its total cultivation area. Therefore, it is calling as “Rice Granary”
in the State. Mainly the farmers are growing rice in this taluk. Ratio of growth
stress in the taluk is 143.93 means total cultivation land in the taluk is 85174
hectares and 37416 hectares rice cultivating, it is cultivating here for more
than once in a year. But, Koppal, Kushtagi, Yelaburga taluks are not having
irrigation facility as the Gangavati taluk is having.

Table 5.3

Koppal District Irrigation System

Sl.No. Taluks Irrigation in Hectares

1. Gangavati 47238

2. Koppal 14868

3. Kushtagi 9749

4. Yelaburga 8520

Total 80375 Hectares

Source: T.R Chandrashekhar “Koppal District Development Study”, Published by- the Director,
Prasaranga, Kannada University Hampi-Vidyaranya. 1999 P.91

Figure: 5.3

Koppal District Irrigation System

Irrigation in Hectares

8520
Gangavati
9749
koppal

47238 Kushtagi
14868
Yalaburga

Water Development Programmes in Koppal District. It is necessary to

take precaution before introducing irrigation system. Same problems will cause
due to more irrigation system as before its introduction. Gangavati taluk is
facing the same problem. Improper utilization of water, lack of controlling
system, temporary sterility of land, multi system cultivation etc., are the main
problems to think over about irrigation. We can concentrate on growing of Silk
after consultation of proficient, government has to play major role in adoption
of irrigation system.

5.17 Soil:

Koppal district is having fertile soil. It is having 2 or 3 different soils i.e.,

Black Soil, Red Soil and Grey Soil. Hence, the people will cultivate various
crops in Koppal district viz., jowar, wheat, bajra, maize, green gram, tur, black
gram, horse gram, cowpea, cotton, sunflower etc., the soil of Koppal district is
having fertility of these grains.

5.18 Rivers:

Koppal district is having lowest river, Tungabhadra River is flowing from

its border. Other sub rivers like Hire-halla flowing in Yelaburga and some tiny
lakes are there. Kallur village has 3 tiny lakes, one big lake Kerehalla, another
big lake Bhudana-halla etc., and other tiny lakes are flowing in four taluks of
the District.

DEMOGRAPHICAL PROFILE

5.19 Population:

Koppal is the 5th district in Hyderabad Karnataka. It has some its own
features. Raichur is having 27th place in growth of population. Koppal is having
26th place in growth of population. Koppal is in 19th place for density of
population. Considering the growth ratio of Koppal district it is not ferocious,
but it does not means to allow the fastest growth of population.

It‟s not true to say that the growth of population is being an impediment
to development of district. In all 4 taluks of Koppal district Kushtagi is having
highest population. Population growth of Kushtagi taluk is 38.24 per cent.
Population growth of remaining taluks is lower than the population growth of
District. Highest population density in the district is in Kushtagi taluk.
Population growth of Koppal district is known from the below table:
 Table 5.4

Talukwise Population Development Criteria

Sl.No. Taluk 1981 1991 Changes

during the
Decade
1990-91
1. Gangavati 2,57,194 3,20,394 + 24.57
2. Koppal 1,99,821 2,51,713 + 25.97
3. Kushtagi 1,36,864 1,89,891 + 38.74
4. Yelaburga 1,54,343 1,96,080 + 27.04
5. Koppal 7,48,222 9,58,078 + 28.05
District
Source: T.R Chandrashekhar “Koppal District Development Study”, Published by- the Director,
Prasaranga, Kannada University Hampi-Vidyaranya. 1999 P.31

Looking to the entire population of the Koppal district, it reveals that

entire district is not having much population, but Kushtagi taluk is having
highest population density in the district and other taluks are having low
population.

5.20 Density of Population:

Koppal district is having 26th place in the State for population.

Population density ratio of Koppal district is 172, whereas the population
density ratio of the State is 234. Koppal district is at 19th place in population
density among the State. Therefore, the population growth in Koppal district is
not considered as ferocious.

5.21 Urban and Rural Population:

India is called as a nation of villages. Likewise, Koppal is the fifth district

coming under Hyderabad Karnataka also having more villages than urban.
People of Koppal district are mainly residing at villages more than urban area.
Hence, development of villages is the development of Koppal District.
Population of urban and rural can be seen from the below table.
 Table 5.5

Urban and Rural Population

Urban Rural
Sl.
Taluk
No.
Male Female Total Male Female Total

1. Gangavati 51211 50181 101392 153145 151797 304942

2. Koppal 32810 31465 64275 126261 123515 249776

3. Kushtagi 10766 10417 21183 109855 108293 218148

4. Yelaburga 5793 5649 11442 113471 111460 224931

Total 100580 97712 198292 502732 495065 997797

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16. P.5

From the above table it is known that, total population of men residing in
urban area is 100580, women is 97712, total urban population is 198292.
Whereas, population of men in rural area is 502732, women is 495065, total
rural population is 997797.

5.22 Sex Ratio and Child Population:

Among the total 30 districts in the State lowest number of children from
0-6 age group is in Udupi district and highest is in Koppal district. Ratio of 0-6
aged children of Koppal district is 20.62 per cent, it is 74.77 lakhs for
Karnataka State. Contribution of South Karnataka in the State for 0-6 aged
children is 52.55 per cent and 57.67 is of North Karnataka. In Karnataka State
number of 0-6 aged children I 98.649, in this area the population of 0-6 aged
children is 47.45 per cent, it is only 42.33 per cent in total population of this
area.

In Karnataka State population contribution of Koppal district is 2.13 per

cent. Contribution of Koppal district for 0-6 aged children is 2.64 per cent.
Looking to the above all we can say that, the population growth of Koppal
district is faster.
Sex Ratio:

Looking to the population ratio of Koppal district there is higher male

population than female population. Total population of Koppal district is
known as 208004. Sex Ratio and Child Population can be seen from the next
table.

Table 5.6
Sex Ratio and Child Population

Children in the age of (0-6)

Sl.No. Taluk Rural Urban

Male Female Total Male Female Total

1. Gangavathi 27386 26137 53523 7926 7667 15593

2. Koppal 23127 22230 45357 4926 4604 9530

3. Kushtagi 20672 19851 40523 1565 1603 3168

4. Yelaburga 19947 18560 38507 950 853 1803

Total 91132 86778 177910 15367 14727 30094

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16. P.7

In the above table it is known that, total density of all taluk is 166 total
male residing rural area populations is 91,132, female population is 86,778,
total population is 17,7910 and total male residing urban area population is
15,367 and female population is 14,727 and total urban population is 30,094.

Religion wise Population:

Koppal is a district coming under Hyderabad Karnataka. Koppal district

is having many religions, castes, cadres. Koppal district is also having many
castes as India having. In Koppal district many caste people like Hindu,
Muslim, Jain, Buddha, Christian are residing. Hindus are in major number,
Buddha, Christian are in less number. Looking to the talukwise population
Gangavati taluk is having same castes. But, Kushtagi and Yelaburga taluks are
having less number of Jains, Buddha‟s, Christians and Muslims and Hindus
are more in number.

Scheduled Tribes Population:

Koppal is a district coming under Hyderabad Karnataka. As the India

has many castes the Koppal district also having many castes. Koppal district is
having so many religions and castes. There are less people pertaining to
Scheduled Tribes in urban area, they are only 9869 people. More people
pertaining to Scheduled Tribes are residing in rural area, they are 128719.

Table 5.7

Scheduled Tribes Population

Scheduled Tribes % of
Scheduled Tribes Rural
Urban Population
Sl.
Taluks to Total
No.
ST
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Population

1. Gangavati 3221 3239 6460 24800 24736 49536 13.78

2. Koppal 1170 1090 2260 12240 11742 23982 8.36

3. Kushtagi 498 492 990 15501 15023 30524 13.17

4. Yelaburga 66 93 159 12567 12110 24677 10.51

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16. P.6

Looking to the above table it came to know that the people pertaining to
Scheduled Tribes are mainly residing in rural area only as the population of
Scheduled Tribes residing in urban area is 9896 and the population of
Scheduled Tribes residing in rural area is 128719.

Scheduled Caste:
 Koppal is a district coming under Hyderabad Karnataka; it is having
population of Scheduled Caste as it has population of Scheduled Tribes. It
means the people of Scheduled Caste are residing less in urban area and more
in rural area. The description of population of Scheduled Caste can be seen
from the next table.

Table 5.8

Scheduled Caste Population

Population Percentage
of
Sl. Scheduled Caste Urban Scheduled Caste Rural Population
Taluks
No. to Total
ST
Male Female Total Male Female Total Population

1. Gangavathi 6540 6726 13266 26608 26837 53445 16.42

2. Koppal 4020 3913 7933 21900 21843 43743 16.45

3. Kushtagi 1806 1771 3577 14349 14152 28501 13.40

4. Yelaburga 777 735 1512 16736 16496 33232 1470

Total 13143 13145 26288 79593 79328 158921 15.48

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16.P.5

From the above table it is known that Scheduled Caste population of

urban area is 79593 and the Scheduled Caste population of rural area is
158921. The rural area is having more population of Scheduled Caste people.

ECONOMIC PROFILE

5.23 Agriculture:

As India is called a nation of agriculture, the Koppal district is also

having agriculture as its prime avocation. 80.65% of people are depending
upon the agriculture. This district is basically having dry agriculture. Total
irrigated area in the district is 80375 hectares and about 75.74% out of
irrigated area is growing rice and sugarcane, part of other products is only
24.26%. Except the rice in food grains all other products are dry land
agriculture. Looking to the ratio of the agricultural labourers in the Koppal
district the female agricultural labourers are more in number. The said fact is
known from the below table.

Table 5.9

Classification of Workers

Agricultural Labourers

Sl.No. Taluks Rural Urban

Male Female Total Male Female Total

1. Gangavathi 30117 42261 72378 3448 3668 7116

2. Koppal 19609 35328 54937 381 499 880

3. Kushtagi 11338 29843 41181 358 437 795

4. Yelaburga 18632 37966 56598 356 751 1107

Total 79696 145398 225094 4543 5355 9898

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16.P.16
 Figure: 5.9

Classification of Workers

80000 72378

70000
56598
54937
60000
41181
50000

40000 Rural
Urban
30000

20000 7116
880 795 1107
10000

0
Gangavathi Koppel Kushtagi Yalaburga

Looking to the total agricultural labourers all 4 taluks of district

Gangavati, Kushtagi, Koppal and Yelaburga, the female agricultural labourers
are higher side and they are seen in both rural and urban areas.

5.24 Land Utilization:

Looking into total utilization of the land in Koppal district, 50.65% of

land is utilizing for the purpose of agriculture. District is mainly based on dry
agriculture. Total irrigated area in the district is 80375 hectares and about
75.74% out of irrigated land is utilizing for growing of rice and sugarcane and
24.26% of irrigated land is utilizing for other crops, excluding the rice from all
food grains other all food grains are cultivating from dry agricultural system. In
total cultivating area 60.43 per cent area is growing food grains, in 16.7 per
cent area cultivating pulses and in remaining 23.50 per cent of area is
cultivating commercial crops. In food grains 15.79 per cent area is growing
irrigated crop rice and commercial crops mainly are groundnut and cotton.

Table 5.10
 Agriculture Land Utilization (Hectares)

Sl.No. Taluks Fallow Land Area Sown

Current Others Total Net More Total

than
once

1. Gangavathi 16568 0 16,568 80,967 46,818 127,785

2. Koppal 4097 0 4,097 92,524 26,112 118,636

3. Kushtagi 23571 0 23,571 93,370 25,038 118,408

4. Yelaburga 35868 0 35,868 102,996 32,617 135,613

Total 80104 0 80104 369857 130,585 500,442

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16. P.52

Figure: 5.10

Agriculture Land Utilization (Hectares)

135,613
127,785
140,000 118,636 118,408

120,000

100,000

80,000
Fallow Land
60,000 Area Sown
35,868
40,000 23,571
16,568
4,097
20,000

0
Gangavathi Koppal Kushtagi Yalaburga

Looking to the Table No.4.10 it came to know that, barren land is of

80104 hectares and land utilizing for cultivation is of 500.442 hectares. The
above table reveals that the Gangavathi fallow land 16.568 and area shown
127.785 hectare and Koppal fallow and 4.097 Hectares area sown 118.636
Hectares and Kushtagi total fallow land 23.571 and area sown 118.408 Hectare
and Yelaburga total fallow land 35,868 Hectares and area sown 135.613
Hectares.

5.25 Land Holdings:

Koppal district is mainly based on agriculture. 70 per cent of people are

depending upon the agriculture. Looking to the land utilization and land
holdings of the Koppal district small land holders are more. Men and women of
the district are depending upon the agriculture, therefore it can be said that
tiny land holders are more.

Table 5.11

Agricultural Land Holdings and Area

Sl. No. Taluks Marginal Agricultural Land Holder (Below 1 Ha.) (ST)
Number Area
Male Female Total Male Female Total
1. Gangavathi 2175 780 2955 1172 415 1587

2. Koppal 646 172 818 401 100 501

3. Kushtagi 1055 188 1243 676 122 798

4. Yelaburga 792 188 980 506 126 632

Total 4668 1328 5996 2755 763 3518

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16. P.54

Looking to the Table No.4.11 it is known that, there is tiny land holders
are more in number and small land holders are also seen. The above table
reveals that the taluk Gangavathi total male and female marginal agricultural
land holders 2955 and total are 1587 Hectares and in Koppal taluk total 818
land holders and Kushtagi 1243 and in Yelaburga 980 land holders are there
total 5996 and holders are there.

5.26 CroppingPattern:
 Koppal district is an agriculture based district, food grains and
commercial crops are mainly growing. In total cultivating area 60.43 per cent of
food grains and 16.07 per cent of pulses and in remaining 23.50 per cent area
is growing commercial crops. All types of crops like rice, jowar, bajra, wheat,
other variety jowar, tur, black gram, groundnut, sugarcane, cotton are growing
in the district. From the next Table No.1.12 it can be known that, in Koppal
district many types of crops are growing.

Table 5.12

Cropping Pattern

Area of principle crops

Taluks Pulses (per Hectares)

Horse Black Green Bengal Total
Tur Aver Cowpea
Gram Gram Gram Gram Pulses
Gangavathi 2.781 745 151 1.047 303 1,137 4,292 10,659

Koppal 2,365 2,117 100 2,452 247 3,046 10,482 20,937

Kushtagi 4,622 4,134 0 3,967 231 1,690 8,581 23,607

Yelaburga 2,909 3,751 0 4,583 264 1,419 17,719 31,057

Total 12,677 10,747 251 12,049 1,045 7,292 41,074 86,260

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16. P.80

From the table above we can see area of production of pulses in the
district. The above table reveals that the Gangavathi total food grains is
101184 and Koppal total food grains 86370 and Kushtagi 79661 and
Yelaburga 85382. So total 352,597 Hectares. Area of principal food grains of
the Koppal district has been described in below table No.4.13.
 Table 5.13

Area of principle crops

Cereals Area (Hectare)

Sl. No. Taluks Total
Paddy Jowar Bajra Maize Wheat
Cereals
1. Gangavathi 69955 10021 6194 3607 154 90525
2. Koppal 7869 10283 17153 27555 2010 65433
3. Kushtagi 203 18328 29108 5884 1771 56054
4. Yelaburga 107 22446 14442 11141 5221 54325
Total 78134 61078 66897 48187 9156 26637
Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16. P.79

The above table reveals that the Gangavathi total cereals and minor
millets 90525 and Koppal total cereals and minor millets 65433 and Kushtagi
total cereals and minor millets 56054 and Yelaburga total cereals and minor
millets 54325 total cereals and minor millets 26637.

5.27 Horticulture:

Koppal district is basically an agriculturist‟s area. Various crops are

growing here. There are some horticulture crops growing in the district.
The horticulture crops growing in the district are cotton plants, tomato, chilly
etc.

Table 5.14

Agriculture and Horticulture

Land not available for cultivation

Geographical
Sl. No. Taluks Forest
Are (In Hectares) Non-
Barren Total
Agricultural

1. Gangavathi 132,131 14,482 7,710 4,651 12,361

2. Koppal 136,755 10,779 20,439 6,790 27,229

 3. Kushtagi 135,779 4,110 7,658 2,361 10,019

4. Yelaburga 147,830 80 3,196 2,825 6,021

Total 552,495 29,451 39,003 16,627 55,630

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16. P.51

From the Table No.1.14 it can be known that, district is having various
geographical area including forests and also horticulture crops are growing
here. Above table reveals that the Gangavathi Geographical area is 132.131
Hectares total land not available for cultivation is 12361. In Koppal total
geographical area is 136,755 and not available land is 27229 and in Kushtagi
total geographical area is 135,779 total not available lands is 10019 and in
Yelaburga geographical area is 147,830 and land not available for cultivation is
53,630 Hectares.

5.28 Agricultural Marketing and Problem of Agriculture in Koppal District:

Koppal district is basically an agriculture based district. It is depended

on agriculture. Though it depends upon the agriculture, there are so many
problems seen for agricultural marketing, because, people of the district are
selling their agricultural products at other districts. Therefore, the people of the
district can demand for marketing system to the government.

Table 5.15

Agricultural Marketing and Problems of Agriculture in Koppal District

Regulated Markets
Name and Main Agricultural Commodity sale in the market
Sl.
Taluks yard in m.ton.
No.
All Other
Large No. of Selling Total
Commodities
1. Gangavathi Rice 582758 21563 604321

2. Koppal Maize 139372 30417 169789

3. Kushtagi Bajra 14768 23769 38537

4. Yelaburga Maize 12233 3793 16026

 Total 749131 79542 828673

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16.P.127

The above table shows that the main regulated markets 5 and sub
markets 12 and total regulated markets 17. The above table reveals that the
Gangavathi regulated market turnover total 893.37 all other commodities
604321, Koppal regulated market turnover total 178.40 all other commodities
169789, Kushtagi regulated market turnover total 43.13 all other commodities
38537, Yelaburga regulated market turnover total 18.40 all other commodities
16026.

5.29Animal Husbandry:

Though the Koppal district is depends upon the agriculture, it is having

its own specialities in verity. The district is also having animal farming like she-
buffalo, sheep, chicken, dogs and birds etc. are seen in Koppal district.

5.30 Industries:

Koppal district an agriculture based district, the industries are very less
in the district. It has less industry, there are some industries in Gangavati
taluk, Kushtagi, Yelaburga and Koppal taluks are having very less industries.
The working of women in these industries is very low. Almost all the people
seem to working in agricultural sector. The table given next shows the small
scale units industries registered in District Industrial Centre.

Table 5.16

Small Scale Units registered in District Industrial Centre

Automobiles and Chemicals Electricals and Electronics
Taluks Workers Workers
No. Male Female Total No. Male Female Total

Gangavathi 0 0 0 0 5 23 5 28

Koppal 0 0 0 0 11 25 0 25
 Kushtagi 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 4

Yelaburga 0 0 0 0 3 8 1 9

Total 0 0 0 0 20 59 7 66

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16P 111

Figure: 5.16

Small Scale Units registered in District Industrial Centre

135,613
127,785
140,000 118,636 118,408

120,000

100,000 Automobiles and

Chemicals Workers
80,000

60,000 Electricals and

35,868
Electronics
40,000 23,571
16,568 Workers
4,097
20,000

0
Gangavathi Koppal Kushtagi Yalaburga

The above table shows us that, the automobiles workers is nil and
electrical and electronics male workers are 59 and female workers are 7 and
total workers are 66 and chemical workers are nil.

5.31 Number of Workers Employed in Industrial Units in Koppal District:

Koppal district is basically an agriculture based area, the industries in

the district are very less and number of workers working in these industries is
very low, because, most of the people have involved in agricultural activities.
There are only 3 industries can be found in Koppal district. Number of
Factories and Employees can be seen from the table No.1.17.
 Table 5.17
Number of Factories and Employees
Readymade Garments
Chemicals
Taluks Engineering Textiles
Fact’s Employs Fact’s Employs
Gangavathi -- -- -- --
Koppal -- -- 3 25
Kushtagi -- -- -- --
Yelaburga -- -- -- --
Total -- -- 3 25
Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16 P 108

The above table shows us that Chemicals factories in Koppal district is 3

and employees are 25 and other factories are nil.

5.32 Banking:

Koppal district is being a backward district, it can be said that the

district is having imbalance atmosphere in banking sector. In the Koppal
district commercial banks, Syndicate Bank, Co-operative Banks, Rural
Agriculture Banks can be seen. There are many banks providing various loans
under various systems. The following tables shows the Bank details of District

Table 5.18(a)

Nationalised Banks

Agriculture Other Total

Sl.No. Taluks Numbers Deposits
Loan Loan Loan

1. Gangavathi 19 27831 41775 69606 27548

 2. Koppal 18 12750 19123 31873 43800

3. Kushtagi 6 2600 4064 6664 10822

4. Yelaburga 5 2549 1926 4475 7442

Total 48 45730 66888 112618 89612

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16 P 116

The above table shows us that the total number of Nationalized Banks
are 48 and Agriculture loan is 45730 and other loan is 66888 and total loan is
12618 and total deposits is 89612.

Table 5.18(b)

Other Scheduled Banks

Sl.No. Taluks Agriculture Other Total

Numbers Deposits
Loan Loan Loan

1. Gangavathi 7 14315 17337 31652 8673

2. Koppal 3 5080 5496 10576 1439

3. Kushtagi 1 0 0 0 0

4. Yelaburga 0 0 0 0 0

Total 11 19395 22833 42228 10112

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16 P 116

The above table shows us that the total other Scheduled Banks are 11
and Agriculture Loan is given Rs.19395 and other loan is given Rs.22833 and
total loan is Rs.42228 and deposits is 10112.

Table 5.18(c)

Grameen Banks

Agriculture Other Total

Sl.No. Taluks Numbers Deposits
Loan Loan Loan

1. Gangavathi 14 8937 13382 22319 11790

 2. Koppal 11 3928 5886 9814 21497

3. Kushtagi 8 2275 3471 5746 8543

4. Yelaburga 9 3160 4737 7897 9286

Total 42 18300 27476 45776 51116

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16 P 116

Figure: 5.18

Grameen Banks

22319

21497
24000
22000
20000
18000
13382

16000

11790
Gangavathi
14000
Koppal
9814

9286
12000
8937

8543
7897

Kushtagi
10000
5886

5746

8000 Yalaburga
4737
3928

3471
3160

6000
2275

4000
2000
0
Agriculture Loan Other Loan Total Loan Deposits

The above table shows us that the total Grameen Banks are 42, the total
Agriculture loan is 18300 and total other loan is 27476 and the total loan is
45776 and total deposit is 51116.

5.33 Literacy:

Basically Koppal district is a district in Hyderabad Karnataka. It is being

a backward district in all sectors it can be seen that literacy rate of the district
is also very low.

Koppal district is among the 4 districts in Karnataka which are having

less than 25 per cent literacy among the women. In census of 1991 women
literacy rate is only 22.78 per cent. In this district literacy rate of women is
lower than half of men. There are only 1.06 per cent literate women among the
state. Contribution of illiterate women to the State is 2.85 per cent. Totally the
Koppal district is a backward district in women literacy. In view of the
contribution to the literacy is very low.

Table 5.19

Literates and Literacy Rate

Literates and Literacy rate

Taluks Rural Urban

Male Female Total Male Female Total

Gangavathi 78065 44566 122631 33269 23145 56141

(62.1) (35.5) (48.8) (76.9) (54.4) (65.8)

Koppal 70552 39353 109905 22937 17083 40020

(68.4) (38.9) (53.80) (82.3) (63.6) (73.1)

Kushtagi 58818 28092 86910 7769 5591 13360

(66.0) (31.8) (48.9) (84.4) (63.4) (74.2)

Yelaburga 64623 34180 98803 3911 2593 6504

(69.1) (36.8) (53.0) (80.8) (54.1 (67.5)

Total 272058 146191 418249 67886 84812 116298

(66.1) (35.8) (51.0) (79.7) (58.3) (69.1)
Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16.P.8

The above table shows us that literate‟s total rate is in rural are male
272058 and female 146191 and total 418249 means 51.0% and in urban area
literates in male 67886 and female 84812 and total literates are 116298. Then,
total literates in urban and rural area total male is 339944 female 194603,
total 534547 literacy rate 54.1%.
5.34 Education:

Koppal is one of District among the Hyderabad Karnataka districts. It is

a backward district in all sectors; also it is backward in education. As per
census of 1998 the population of Koppal district is 11.74 lakhs. There 2.12
lakhs children between the age group of 7 to 12 among total population. On
basis of these calculation there must be 2.12 lakhs student shall be studying
in 1 to 7th standard as per census of 1998. In Koppal district total girls
admitted in the school is 44.44 per cent. But, it is 47.21 per cent in the State.
And as per Census of 2010-11 number of boys admitted to school in 1 to 7th
standard is 83463 whereas number of girls is 81970. Total number of children
between age group of 6 to 14 is 165433.

Table 5.20

Education

No.of Children out

No.of Children age
of school age group
group between 6 to 14
Sl.No. Taluks between 7 to 14

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

1. Gangavathi 23318 23972 47290 325 262 587

2. Koppal 22991 22632 45623 630 462 1092

3. Kushtagi 19612 18643 38255 341 361 702

4. Yelaburga 17542 16723 34265 353 339 692

Total 83463 81970 165433 1649 1424 3073

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16.P.138

The above table shows us that the total number of children age group
between 6 to 14 totals Boys 83463, total Girls 81970 the total is 165433 and
number of children out of school age group between 7 to 14 years Boys 1649,
Girls 1424 total is 3073.
Lower Primary School:

Number of Government Lower Primary Schools is higher than Private

Schools in Koppal district. Therefore, the Government has providing more
facilities for the development of Primary School in the district. Number of
students got admitted and regularity of the students to the schools can be seen
from the table next.

Table 5.21
Lower Primary Schools

Total Admission
Number of
Taluks Boys Girls
Schools
Admission Present Admission Present
Gangavathi 191 26363 25045 24377 23402

Koppal 80 19565 18587 18633 17888

Kushtagi 88 17038 16186 15272 14661

Yelaburga 88 14708 13973 13640 13097

Total 447 77674 73790 71922 69045

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16 P 135

The above table shows us that the Lower Primary Schools total is 447
and total Boys at present 73790 and total Girls at present 69045 overalltotals
at present is 142835.

Higher Schools:

Koppal district is a backward district, it can be said that the district is

also backward in education. Therefore, the number of Higher Schools in
villages and taluks of Koppal district is very low. The government schools are
low in number, but the number of non-government schools is very low.

Table 5.22
Higher Schools

Total Admission
Number of
Taluks Boys Girls
Schools
Admission Present Admission Present
Gangavathi 95 9657 9078 8727 8291
Koppal 63 7949 7472 7300 6935
Kushtagi 52 5603 5267 4352 4134
Yelaburga 65 6324 5945 5032 4780
Total 275 29533 27761 25411 24040
Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16 P 136

The above table shows us that the Higher Schools total is 275 and total
Boys at present 27761 and total Girls admission 25411 at present 24040 and
over all total at present is 51901.

Mid-Day Meals providing schools:

Koppal is being a backward district having Government Schools more in

number. Therefore, in view of providing Mid-Day meals the more children are
coming to the schools. This atmosphere has become very favourable in
development of education. More school are providing Mid-Day Meals.

Table 5.23

Number of schools (Govt. + Aided) Provided Mid-Day Meals

Primary Schools High Schools Total No.of Cooks

Sl.
Taluks Prepared Supplied Prepared Supplied
No. Primary High
in the from in the from
Schools Schools
School Outside School Outside

1. Gangavathi 154 -- 40 -- 718 332

 2. Koppal 150 -- 39 -- 487 227

3. Kushtagi 130 -- 31 -- 493 197

4. Yelaburga 125 -- 42 -- 468 202

Total 559 -- 152 -- 2166 958

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16.P.139

The above table shows us that the number of schools that is Government
and aid providing Mid-Day Meals. Total Primary Schools which prepared meals
in the school 559, and High Schools 152 and total number of cooks in Primary
Schools 2166, and High Schools 958.

Pre-University Colleges and First Grade (Degree) Colleges:

Koppal is a district in Hyderabad Karnataka. There are Primary Schools,

Higher Primary Schools, Pre-University Colleges and Degree Colleges exist in
average in the district. Therefore, all most students in the district are studying
in Government Educational Institutions. In Koppal district only 1 per cent of
Private Educational Institutions are exists. The status of students studying in
Pre-University College can be seen from the table next.

Table 5.24

Pre-University Colleges

No.of Students in PU Colleges (1st and 2nd Year)

Private
Sl.
Taluks Colleges Government
No.
Aided Unaided Total

Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls

1. Gangavathi 22 1276 1337 160 457 884 608 4722

2. Koppal 18 850 1588 1437 568 354 73 4870

3. Kushtagi 13 437 558 80 61 342 232 1710

4. Yelaburga 17 637 440 241 248 248 377 2191

 Total 70 3200 3923 1918 1334 1828 1290 13493
Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16 P 142

The above table shows us that Pre-University Colleges total Colleges are
70 numbers of lecturers in Men 238, Women is 74. The total Government
Colleges total Boys 3200, Girls 3923 and Private in it aided total Girls 1334
and Boys 1918 and unaided Private Colleges Girls 1290 and Boys 1828 overall
total Students 13493.

5.35 Health:

Koppal is a district in Hyderabad Karnataka. Looking to the health

system in the district, Government Hospitals exists in the taluk places only.
But, in rural area facility of the Government Hospital is not seen. All the public
are depending upon the Private Hospitals. Therefore, it is necessary on the part
of the Government to provide Government Hospital for every village, and then
only the condition of health system will improve in the district. Details of
various Taluk Head Quarters Hospitals, District Hospitals, Autonomous and
Teaching Hospitals and other Hospitals and beds existing in the said hospitals
are seen from the table next.

Table 5.25

Health

TalukHQ District Other

Total
Hospitals Hospitals Hospitals
Taluks
No's Beds No’s Beds No’s Beds No’s Beds

Gangavathi 1 100 0 0 13 150 14 250

Koppal 0 0 1 100 14 132 15 232

Kushtagi 1 50 0 0 9 78 10 128

Yelaburga 1 30 0 0 16 172 17 202

Total 3 180 1 100 52 532 56 812

Source: Koppal District At A Glance 2015-16.P.151

Above table shows us about health. Total number of hospitals in taluk is

3, beds available 180, and total District Hospital is 1 beds available 100 and
other total hospitals 572 beds available 532 and total number of hospitals 56
and total beds are 812.3

3
T.R Chandrashekhar. “Koppel District Development Study,” Published by- the Director, Prasaranga,
Kannada University Hampi-Vidyaranya 1999 Pp. 1-127